A prospective cohort study on minor accidents involving commuter cyclists in Belgium

Accident Analysis and Prevention

Volumn 45, Issue , 2012, Pages 683-693

  De Geus, Bas ^a   Vandenbulcke, Grégory ^b   Int Panis, Luc ^c,d   Thomas, Isabelle ^b   Degraeuwe, Bart ^c   Cumps, Elke ^a   Aertsens, Joris ^c   Torfs, Rudi ^c   Meeusen, Romain ^a  

^a VRIJE UNIVERSITEIT BRUSSEL   (Belgium)

^b UNIVERSITÉ CATHOLIQUE DE LOUVAIN   (Belgium)

^c FLEMISH INSTITUTE FOR TECHNOLOGICAL RESEARCH VITO   (Belgium)

^d HASSELT UNIVERSITY   (Belgium)

Author keywords

Exposure; Incidence; Incidence rate; Prospective study; SHAPES; Utilitarian cycling

Indexed keywords

EXPOSURE; INCIDENCE; INCIDENCE RATE; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; SHAPES; UTILITARIAN CYCLING;

BICYCLES; HOSPITALS; INSURANCE; SPORTING GOODS;

ACCIDENTS;

ADULT; ARTICLE; BELGIUM; BICYCLE; CLASSIFICATION; COHORT ANALYSIS; FEMALE; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INJURY; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDY; QUESTIONNAIRE; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEASON; STATISTICS; TRAFFIC ACCIDENT; TRAFFIC AND TRANSPORT;

ACCIDENTS, TRAFFIC; ADULT; BELGIUM; BICYCLING; COHORT STUDIES; FEMALE; HUMANS; INCIDENCE; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; PROSPECTIVE STUDIES; QUESTIONNAIRES; RISK ASSESSMENT; SEASONS; TRANSPORTATION; WOUNDS AND INJURIES;

EID: 84856083090     PISSN: 00014575     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.aap.2011.09.045     Document Type: Article

References (78)

1. J. Aertsens, B. de Geus, G. Vandenbulcke, B. Degraeuwe, S. Broekx, L. De Nocker, I. Liekens, I. Mayeres, R. Meeusen, I. Thomas, R. Torfs, H. Willems, and L. Int Panis Commuting by bike in Belgium, the costs of minor accidents Accident Analysis and Prevention 42 2010 2149 2157
2. L. Aultman-Hall, and F.L. Hall Ottawa-Carleton commuter cyclist on- and off-road incident rates Accident Analysis and Prevention 30 1 1998 29 43
3. R. Bhatia, and M. Wier Safety in numbers re-examined: can we make valid or practical inferences from available evidence? Accident Analysis and Prevention 43 2011 235 240
4. J.H.M. Brooks, and C.W. Fuller The influence of methodological issues on the results and conclusions from epidemiological studies of sports injuries Sports Medicine 36 6 2007 459 472
5. Belgian Road Safety Institute (BRSI), 2006. Cycling accidents in an urban context: three years (1998-2000) of casualties along the regional roads of the Brussels capital region. Available online at: http://www.bivv.be/dispatch.wcs? uri=716833556&action=viewStream& language=nl (in French/Dutch).
6. Belgian Road Safety Institute (BRSI), 2009. Observatorium voor de Verkeersveiligheid. Themarapport fietsers Verkeersongevallen met fietsers 2000-2007. Available online at: http://bivvweb.ipower.be/Observ/NL/fietsrapport- NL-def.pdf (in French/Dutch).
7. H.-Y. Berg Reducing crashes and injuries among young drivers: what kind of prevention should we be focusing on? Injury Prevention 12 Suppl. I 2006 i15 i18
8. J.P. Byrnes, D.C. Miller, and W.D. Schafer Gender differences in risk taking: a meta-analysis Psychological Bulletin 125 3 1999 367 383
9. CBS (Statistics Netherlands), 2008. Available: http://www.cbs.nl/en-GB/ menu/thema/verkeer-vervoer/cijfers/default.htm.
10. S. Chong, R. Poulos, J. Olivier, W.L. Watson, and R. Grzebieta Relative injury severity among vulnerable non-motorised road users: comparative analysis of injury arising from bicycle-motor vehicle and bicycle-pedestrian collisions Accident Analysis and Prevention 42 1 2010 290 296
11. N. Christie, S. Cairns, E. Towner, and H. Ward How exposure information can enhance our understanding of child traffic "death leagues" Injury Prevention 13 2007 125 129
12. C. Cryer, and J.D. Langley Developing valid indicators of injury incidence for all injury Injury Prevention 12 2006 202 207
13. E. Cumps, E. Verhagen, and R. Meeusen Efficacy of a sports specific balance training programme on the incidence of ankle sprains in basketball Journal of Sports Science and Medicine 6 2007 212 219
14. S. Daniels, E. Nuyts, and G. Wets The effects of roundabouts on traffic safety for bicyclists: an observational study Accident Analysis and Prevention 40 2008 518 526
15. S. Daniels, T. Brijs, E. Nuyts, and G. Wets Injury crashes with bicyclists at roundabouts: influence of some location characteristics and the design of cycle facilities Journal of Safety Research 40 2009 141 148
16. L.A. Davidson Epidemiology and outcome of bicycle injuries presenting to an emergency department in the United Kingdom European Journal of Emergency Medicine 12 2005 24 29
17. B. de Geus, E. Van Hoof, I. Aerts, and R. Meeusen Cycling to work: influence on indexes of health in untrained men and women in Flanders. Coronary heart disease and quality of life Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 18 2008 498 510
18. B. de Geus, J. Joncheere, and R. Meeusen Commuter cycling: effect on physical performance in untrained men and women in Flanders. Minimum dose to improve indexes of fitness Scandinavian Journal of Medicine and Science in Sports 19 2009 179 187
19. J.J. de Hartog, H. Boogaard, H. Nijland, and G. Hoek Do the health benefits of cycling outweigh the risks? Environmental Health Perspectives 118 2010 1109 1116
20. J. De Mol, and P. Lammar Half the road victims are not reported in the statistics Verkeersspecialist 130 2006 15 18 Available online at: http://www.isaweb.be/bestanden/Artvsp130.pdf (in Dutch)
21. P.K. Dhillon, A.S. Lightstone, C. Peek-Asa, and J.F. Kraus Assessment of hospital and police ascertainment of automobile versus childhood pedestrian and bicyclist collisions Accident Analysis and Prevention 33 2001 529 537
22. J. Dill Bicycling for transportation and health: the role of infrastructure Journal of Public Health Policy 30 Suppl. 1 2009 S95 S110
23. Doom, R.; Derweduwen, P.; 2005. Optimalisation of road accident statistics and use in urban safety management. Research contracts CP/02/392, CP/F1/391 (final report) for Belgian Road Safety Institute (BRSI), Center for Sustainable Development (CSD) and the Belgian Science Policy (BSP) (in Dutch).
24. H.O. Eid, M.M. Bashir, O.Q. Muhammed, and F.M. Abu-Zidan Bicycle-related injuries: a prospective study of 200 patients Singapore Medical Journal 48 10 2007 884 886
25. R. Elvik The non-linearity of risk and the promotion of environmentally sustainable transport Accident Analysis and Prevention 41 2009 849 855
26. R. Eppinger, E. Sun, F. Bandak, M. Haffner, N. Khaewpong, M. Maltese, S. Kuppa, T. Nguyen, E. Takhounts, R. Tannous, A. Zhang, and R. Saul Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems II 1999 NHTSA Washington, DC
27. R. Eppinger, E. Sun, S. Kuppa, and R. Saul Supplement: Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems II 2000 NHTSA Washington, DC
28. EU (EuropeanUnion), 2003. Energy and transport in figures. European Commission, Directorate-General for Energy and Transport, Brussels Available online at: / http://gasunie.eldoc.ub.rug.nl/root/2004/2999175/S.
29. A.O. Fernandez de Cieza, J.C. Ortiz Andino, A.R. Archilla, A.M. Gomez, C.G. Gonzalez, S. Mengual, and J. Morrall Nonmotorized traffic accidents in San Juan, Argentina Transport Research Record 1695 1999 19 22
30. FOD, 2010. Federale Overheidsdienst Mobiliteit, Mobiliteit en Verkeersveiligheid, Diagnostiek woon-werkverkeer 2008, eindverslag. Nr 46. Available online at: http://www.mobilit.fgov.be/data/mobil/RapportWWV-2008n.pdf.
31. P. Garder, L. Leden, and U. Pulkkinen Measuring the safety effect of raised bicycle crossings using a new research methodology Transport Research Record 1636 1998 64 70
32. J. Garrard, G. Rose, and S. Kai Lo Promoting transportation cycling for women: the role of bicycle infrastructure Preventive Medicine 46 2008 55 59
33. B. Gatersleben, and K.M. Appleton Contemplating cycling to work: Attitudes and perceptions in different stages of change Transportation Research Part A 41 2007 302 312
34. C. Grundy, R. Steinbach, P. Edwards, J. Green, B. Armstrong, and P. Wilkinson Effect of 20 mph traffic speed zones on road injuries in London, 1986-2006: controlled interrupted time series analysis BMJ 339 2009 b4469
35. I.J.M. Hendriksen, B. Zuiderveld, H.C.G. Kemper, and P.D. Bezemer Effect of commuter cycling on physical performance of male and female employees Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 32 2000 504 510
36. M.R. Hoffman, W.E. Lambert, E.G. Peck, and J.C. Mayberry Bicycle commuter injury prevention: it is time to focus on the environment The Journal of Trauma, Injury, Infection, and Critical Care 69 5 2010 1112 1119
37. L. Int Panis, L. De Nocker, E. Cornelis, and R. Torfs An uncertainty analysis of air pollution externalities from road transport in Belgium in 2010 Science of the Total Environment 334-335 2004 287 298
38. L. Int Panis, B. de Geus, G. Vandenbulcke, H. Willems, B. Degraeuwe, B. Bleux, V. Mishra, I. Thomas, and R. Meeusen Exposure to particulate matter in traffic: a comparison of cyclists and car passengers Atmospheric Environment 44 2010 2263 2270
39. L. Int Panis Cycling: health benefits and risks Environmental Health Perspectives 119 3 2011
40. L. Jacobs, T.S. Nawrot, B. de Geus, R. Meeusen, B. Degraeuwe, A. Bernard, M. Sughis, B. Nemery, and L. Int Panis Subclinical responses in healthy cyclists briefly exposed to traffic-related air pollution Environmental Health 9 2010 64
41. P.L. Jacobsen Safety in numbers: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling Injury Prevention 9 2003 205 209
42. J.K. Kim, S. Kim, G.F. Ulfarsson, and L.A. Porrello Bicyclist injury severities in bicycle-motor vehicle accidents Accident Analysis and Prevention 39 2007 238 251
43. M. Kleinberger, E. Sun, R. Eppinger, S. Kuppa, and R. Saul Development of Improved Injury Criteria for the Assessment of Advanced Automotive Restraint Systems 1998 NHTSA Washington, DC
44. H. Koike, A. Morimoto, and A. Kitazawa Unevenness of intersection pavement and bicycle safety Transport Research Record 1846 2003 56 61
45. B.P.Y. Loo, and K.L. Tsui Bicycle crash casualties in a highly motorized city Accident Analysis and Prevention 42 2010 1902 1907
46. Luyten, S.; Van Hecke, E.; 2007. De Belgische stadsgewesten 2001. Statistics Belgium - Working Paper no. 14. FPS Economy (Direction for Statistics and Economic Information), Brussels.
47. C.A. McCoy Development and pilot testing of a bicycle safety questionnaire for adult bicyclists Public Health Nursing 19 6 2002 440 450
48. NIS (National Institute for Statistics), 2001. National house hold survey on mobility. Realization and results. Research contract MD/13/036, FUNDP-GRT-LV-UIA-IW-INS. Belgian Federal Science Policy Office, Brussels Available online at: http://www.belspo.be/belspo/fedra/proj.asp?l=en&COD=MD/ DD/18.
49. NIS (National Institute for Statistics), 2009. CEESE - ULB et Transport & Mobility Leuven - Indicateurs de transport géographiquement désagrégés pour la Belgique, FOD Economie, Algemene directie Statistiek en Economische Informatie.
50. OECD Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development, 1998, Scientific Expert Group on the Safety of Vulnerable Road Users (RS7). Safety of vulnerable road users, DSTI/DOT/RTR/RS7(98)1/FINAL.
51. P. Oja, I. Vuori, and O. Paronen Daily walking and cycling to work: their utility as health-enhancing physical activity Patient Education and Counseling 33 1 Suppl. 1998 S87 S94
52. P. Oja, S. Titze, A. Bauman, B. de Geus, P. Krenn, B. Reger-Nash, and T. Kohlberger Health benefits of cycling; a systematic review Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports 21 2011 496 509
53. T. Osler, R. Rutledge, J. Deis, and E. Bedrick ICISS: an international classification of disease-9 based injury severity score Journal of Traumatology 41 1996 380 388
54. OVG, 2008. Onderzoek VerplaatsingsGedrag Vlaanderen. Available online at: http://www.mobielvlaanderen.be/ovg/ovg03.php?a=19&nav=10.
55. J. Parkin, M. Wardman, and M. Page Models of perceived cycling risk and route acceptability Accident Analysis and Prevention 39 2 2007 364 371
56. J. Parkin, M. Wardman, and M. Page Estimation of the determinants of bicycle mode share for the journey to work using census data Transportation 35 1 2008 93 109
57. R.O. Phillips, P. Ullebergb, and T. Vaa Meta-analysis of the effect of road safety campaigns on accidents Accident Analysis and Prevention 43 2011 1204 1218
58. Pro Velo, Observatoire du vélo: Observations 1998-2010, 2010. Available online at: http://www.provelo.org/IMG/pdf/Observatoire-velo-RBC- rapport-final-2010.pdf (in French).
59. J. Pucher, C. Komanoff, and P. Schimek Bicycle renaissance in North America: recent trends and alternative policies to promote bicycling Transportation Research Part A 33 7/8 1999 625 654
60. J. Pucher, and L. Dijkstra Making walking and cycling safer: lessons from Europe Transportation Quarterly 54 3 2000 25 50
61. J. Pucher Cycling safety on bikeways vs. roads Transportation Quarterly 55 4 2001 11 99
62. J. Pucher, and L. Dijkstra Promoting safe walking and cycling to improve public health: lessons from the Netherlands and Germany American Journal of Public Health 93 9 2003 1509 1516
63. C.C. Reynolds, M.A. Harris, K. Teschke, P.A. Cripton, and M. Winters The impact of transportation infrastructure on bicycling injuries and crashes: a review of the literature Environmental Health 8 2009 47
64. M. Richter, D. Otte, C. Haasper, K. Knobloch, C. Probst, J. Westhoff, K. Sommer, and C. Krettek The current injury situation of bicyclists - a medical and technical crash analysis Journal of Trauma 62 2007 1118 1122
65. R.L. Robinson Safety in numbers in Australia: more walkers and bicyclists, safer walking and bicycling Health Promotion Journal of Australia 16 1 2005 47 51
66. P. Rietveld, and V. Daniel Determinants of bicycle use: do municipal policies matter? Transportation Research Part A 38 2004 531 550
67. K.M. Rosenkranz, and R.L. Sheridan Trauma to adult bicyclists: a growing problem in the urban environment Injury: International Journal of the Care of the Injured 34 2003 825 829
68. R. Rutledge, T. Osler, S. Emery, and S. Kromhout-Schiro The end of the Injury Severity Score (ISS) and the Trauma and Injury Severity Score (TRISS): ICISS, an International Classification of diseases, Ninth Revision based prediction tool, outperforms both ISS and TRISS as predictors of trauma patient survival, hospital charges, and hospital length of stay Journal of Trauma 44 1998 41 49
69. M. Stone, and J. Broughton Getting off your bike: cycling accidents in Great Britain in 1990-1999 Accident Analysis and Prevention 35 4 2003 549 556
70. J.C. Stutts, J.E. Williamson, T. Whitley, and F.C. Sheldon Bicycle accidents and injuries: A pilot study comparing hospital- and police-reported data Accident Analysis and Prevention 22 1 1990 67 78
71. M.J. Thompson, and F.P. Rivara Bicycle-related injuries American Family Physician 63 10 2001 2007 2014
72. S. Tin Tin, A. Woodward, and S. Ameratunga Injuries to pedal cyclists on New Zealand roads, 1988-2007 BMC Public Health 10 2010 655
73. O. van Boggelen, R. Janssen, and E. Everaars Effect toename fietsaandeel op de verkeersveiligheid 2005 Adviesdienst Verkeer en Vervoer Rotterdam, the Netherlands (in Dutch)
74. G. Vandenbulcke, I. Thomas, B. de Geus, B. Degraeuwe, R. Torfs, R. Meeusen, and L. Int Panis Mapping bicycle use and the risk of accidents for commuters who cycle to work in Belgium Transport Policy 16 2009 77 87
75. G. Vandenbulcke, C. Dujardin, I. Thomas, B. de Geus, B. Degraeuwe, M. Meeusen, and L. Int Panis Cycle commuting in Belgium: spatial determinants and 're-cycling' strategies Transportation Research Part A 45 2011 118 137
76. K. Veisten, K. Saelensminde, K. Alvaer, T. Bjørnskau, R. Elvik, T. Schistad, and B. Ytterstad Total costs of bicycle injuries in Norway: correcting injury figures and indicating data needs Accident Analysis and Prevention 39 6 2007 1162 1169
77. I.M. Vuori, P. Oja, and O. Paronen Physically active commuting to work - testing its potential for exercise promotion Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise 26 7 1994 844 850
78. J. Woodcock, D. Banister, P. Edwards, A.M. Prentice, and I. Roberts Energy and transport Lancet 370 9592 2007 1078 1088