Does empathy change in first-year dental students?

European Journal of Dental Education

Volumn 16, Issue 1, 2012, Pages

  Beattie, A ^a   Durham, J ^a   Harvey, J ^b   Steele, J ^a   McHanwell, S ^a  

^a NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

^b NEWCASTLE UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Attitudinal assessment; Empathy; Professionalism

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; ARTICLE; DENTAL EDUCATION; DENTAL STUDENT; EDUCATION; EMPATHY; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; NONPARAMETRIC TEST; PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; QUESTIONNAIRE;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; EDUCATION, DENTAL; EDUCATIONAL MEASUREMENT; EMPATHY; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PROFESSIONAL COMPETENCE; QUESTIONNAIRES; STATISTICS, NONPARAMETRIC; STUDENTS, DENTAL;

EID: 84856009780     PISSN: 13965883     EISSN: 16000579     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0579.2011.00683.x     Document Type: Article

References (38)

1. American Dental Association 2008. Accreditation standards for dental education programs. (last accessed 10 August 2010).
2. Cowpe J, Plasschaert A, Harzer W, Vinkka-Puhakka H, Walmsey D. Association for dental education in Europe. Profile and competences for the graduating European dentist update 2009 (last accessed 10 August 2010).
3. Commission on Dental Accreditation of Canada. Accreditation requirements for doctor of dental surgery (DDS) or doctor of dental medicine (DMD) programs 2006 (last accessed 10 August 2010).
4. Brownell A, Keith W, Côté L. Senior residents' views on the meaning of professionalism and how they learn it. Acad Med 2001: 76: 734-729.
5. Simpson M, Buckman R, Stewart M, et al. Doctor-patient communication: the Toronto statement. Br Med J 1991: 303: 1385-1387.
6. Stewart M. Effective physician-patient communication and health outcomes: a review. CMAJ 1995: 152: 1423-1433.
7. Squiers RW. A model of empathetic understanding and adherence to treatment regimens in practitioner-patient relationships. Soc Sci Med 1990: 30: 325-339.
8. Beckman HB, Frankel RM. The effect of physician behaviour on collection of data. Annals Intern Med 1984: 101: 692-696.
9. Kim SS, Kaplowitz S, Johnston M. The effects of physician empathy on patient satisfaction and compliance. Eval Health Prof 2004: 27: 237-251.
10. Stave J. The relationship between empathetic dentist behaviour and children's cooperation. J Dent Educ 1983: 47: 555-557.
11. Sinha PK, Nanda RS, McNeil DW. Perceived orthodontist behaviours that predict patient satisfaction, orthodontist-patient relationship, and patient adherence in orthodontic treatment. Am J Orthod Dentofac Orthop 1996: 110: 370-377.
12. Levinson W, Roter DL, Mullooly JP, Dull VT, Frankel RM. Physician-patient communication. JAMA 1997: 277: 553-559.
13. Corah NL, O'Shea RM, Bissell GD. The dentist-patient relationship: perceived behaviours that reduce patient anxiety and increase satisfaction. J Am Dent Assoc 1988: 116: 73-76.
14. Duan C, Hill C. The current state of empathy research. J Consult Psychol 1996: 43: 261-274.
15. Hojat M, Gonnella JS, Nasca TJ, Mangione S, Vergare M, Magee M. Physician empathy: definition, components, measurement, and relationship to gender and specialty. Am J Psychol 2002: 159: 1563-1569.
16. Hojat M, Gonnella JS, Nasca TJ, Mangione S, Veloski JJ, Magee M. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: further psychometric data and differences by gender and speciality at item level. Acad Med 2002: 77(Suppl.): S58-S60.
17. Rogers CR. Client centred therapy: its current practice, implications, and theory. Philadelphia, PA: Trans-Atlantic Publications, 1995.
18. Miller WR, Rollnick S. Motivational interviewing: preparing people to change addictive behavior, 2nd edn. New York: Guilford Press, 1991.
19. Hemmerdinger J, Stoddart S, Lilford R. A systematic review of test of empathy in medicine. BMC Med Educ 2007: 7: 24-29.
20. Benbassat J, Baumal R. What is empathy and how can it be promoted during clinical clerkships? Acad Med 2004: 79: 832-839.
21. Davis MH. Measuring differences in empathy: evidence for a multidimensional approach. J Pers Soc Pyschol 1983: 44: 113-126.
22. Mehrabian A, Epstein NA. A measure of emotional empathy. J Pers 1972: 40: 525-543.
23. Hojat M, Mangione S, Nasca TJ, et al. The Jefferson Scale of Physician Empathy: development and preliminary psychometric data. Educ Psychol Meas 2001: 61: 349-365.
24. Hojat M, Vergare M, Maxwell K, et al. The devil is in the third year: a longitudinal study of erosion of empathy in medical school. Acad Med 2009: 84: 1182-1191.
25. Sherman JJ, Cramer A. Measurement of changes in empathy during dental school. J Dent Educ 2005: 69: 338-345.
26. Hojat M, Mangione S, Nasca TJ, et al. An empirical study of decline in empathy in medical school. Med Educ 2004: 38: 934-941.
27. Krupat E, Rosenkranz SL, Yeager CM, et al. The practice orientations of physicians and patients: the effect of doctor-patient congruence on satisfaction. Patient Educ Couns 2000: 39: 49-59.
28. Krupat E, Bell R, Kravitz R, Thom D, Azari R. When physicians and patients think alike: patient-centred beliefs and their impact on satisfaction and trust. J Fam Pract 2001: 50: 1057-1062.
29. Krupat E, Putnam SM, Yeager C. The fit between doctors and patients: can it be measured? J Gen Med 1996: 11(Suppl.): 134.
30. Haidet P, Dains JE, Paterniti DP, et al. Medical student attitudes toward the doctor-patient relationship. Med Educ 2002: 36: 568-574.
31. Bland JM, Altman DG. Cronbach's alpha. Br Med J 1997: 314: 572.
32. Gallagher JE, Niven V, Donaldson N, Wilson N. Widening access? Characteristics of applicants to medical and dental schools, compared to UCAS Br Dent J 2009: 207: 433-45.
33. Adair G. The hawthorne effect: a reconsideration of the methodological artefact. J Appl Psychol 1984: 69: 334-4537.
34. Hafferty FW. Beyond curriculum reform: confronting medicine's hidden curriculum. Acad Med 1998: 73: 403-407.
35. Newton BW, Barber L, Clardy J, Cleveland E, O'Sullivan P. Is there a hardening of the heart during medical school? Acad Med 2008: 83: 244-249.
36. Coulehan J, Williams PC. Vanquishing virtue: the impact of medical education. Acad Med 2001: 76: 598-605.
37. Kane GC, Gotto JL, Mangione S, West S, Hojat M. Jefferson scale of patient's perceptions of physician empathy: preliminary psychometric data. Croat Med J 2007: 48: 81-86.
38. Hannah A, Lim BT, Ayers KMS. Emotional Intelligence and clinical interview performance of dental students. J Dent Educ 2009: 73: 1107-1117.