National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association guidelines for the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's and Dementia

Volumn 8, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 1-13

  Hyman, Bradley T ^a   Phelps, Creighton H ^b   Beach, Thomas G ^c   Bigio, Eileen H ^d   Cairns, Nigel J ^e   Carrillo, Maria C ^f   Dickson, Dennis W ^g   Duyckaerts, Charles ^h   Frosch, Matthew P ⁱ   Masliah, Eliezer ^j,k   Mirra, Suzanne S ^l   Nelson, Peter T ^m   Schneider, Julie A ^n,o   Thal, Dietmar Rudolf ^p   Thies, Bill ^f   Trojanowski, John Q ^q   Vinters, Harry V ^r,s   Montine, Thomas J ^t  

^a HARVARD MEDICAL SCHOOL   (United States)

^b NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING   (United States)

^c SUN HEALTH RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (United States)

^d NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^e WASHINGTON UNIVERSITY SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

^f ALZHEIMER'S ASSOCIATION   (United States)

^g MAYO GRADUATE SCHOOL   (United States)

^h PITIÉ SALPÊTRIÈRE HOSPITAL   (France)

ⁱ MASSACHUSETTS GENERAL HOSPITAL   (United States)

^j UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^k UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^l SUNY Downstate Medical Center   (United States)

^m UNIVERSITY OF KENTUCKY   (United States)

ⁿ RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^o RUSH UNIVERSITY MEDICAL CENTER   (United States)

^p UNIVERSITY OF ULM   (Germany)

^q UNIVERSITY OF PENNSYLVANIA   (United States)

^r UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^s UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA   (United States)

^t UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON SCHOOL OF MEDICINE   (United States)

more..

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; Consensus guidelines; Lewy body disease; Neuropathology; Vascular brain injury

Indexed keywords

AMYLOID PROTEIN; TAR DNA BINDING PROTEIN;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; ARTICLE; CEREBROVASCULAR ACCIDENT; CLINICAL FEATURE; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT; DIAGNOSTIC APPROACH ROUTE; DIFFUSE LEWY BODY DISEASE; HIPPOCAMPAL SCLEROSIS; HISTOPATHOLOGY; HUMAN; NEUROFIBRILLARY TANGLE; NEUROPATHOLOGY; PRACTICE GUIDELINE; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SENILE PLAQUE;

ALZHEIMER DISEASE; BRAIN; CONSENSUS DEVELOPMENT CONFERENCES, NIH AS TOPIC; HUMANS; NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON AGING (U.S.); PRACTICE GUIDELINES AS TOPIC; SOCIETIES, MEDICAL; UNITED STATES;

EID: 84856002055     PISSN: 15525260     EISSN: 15525279     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.jalz.2011.10.007     Document Type: Article

References (106)

1. B.T. Hyman, and J.Q. Trojanowski Consensus recommendations for the postmortem diagnosis of Alzheimer disease from the National Institute on Aging and the Reagan Institute Working Group on diagnostic criteria for the neuropathological assessment of Alzheimer disease J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56 1997 1095 1097
2. M.S. Albert, S.T. Dekosky, D. Dickson, B. Dubois, H.H. Feldman, and N.C. Fox The diagnosis of mild cognitive impairment due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease Alzheimers Dement 7 2011 270 279
3. R.A. Sperling, P.S. Aisen, L.A. Beckett, D.A. Bennett, S. Craft, and A.M. Fagan Toward defining the preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease Alzheimers Dement 7 2011 280 292
4. H. Crystal, D. Dickson, P. Fuld, D. Masur, R. Scott, and M. Mehler Clinico-pathologic studies in dementia: nondemented subjects with pathologically confirmed Alzheimer's disease Neurology 38 1988 1682 1687 (Pubitemid 18265029)
5. J.L. Price, D.W. McKeel Jr., V.D. Buckles, C.M. Roe, C. Xiong, and M. Grundman Neuropathology of nondemented aging: presumptive evidence for preclinical Alzheimer disease Neurobiol Aging 30 2009 1026 1036
6. R.J. Caselli, D. Walker, L. Sue, M. Sabbagh, and T. Beach Amyloid load in nondemented brains correlates with APOE e4 Neurosci Lett 473 2010 168 171
7. T.G. Beach, Y.M. Kuo, K. Spiegel, M.R. Emmerling, L.I. Sue, and K. Kokjohn The cholinergic deficit coincides with Abeta deposition at the earliest histopathologic stages of Alzheimer disease J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 59 2000 308 313 (Pubitemid 30183698)
8. P.E. Potter, P.K. Rauschkolb, Y. Pandya, L.I. Sue, M.N. Sabbagh, and D.G. Walker Pre- and post-synaptic cortical cholinergic deficits are proportional to amyloid plaque presence and density at preclinical stages of Alzheimer's disease Acta Neuropathol 122 2011 49 60
9. T.G. Beach, W.G. Honer, and L.H. Hughes Cholinergic fibre loss associated with diffuse plaques in the non-demented elderly: the preclinical stage of Alzheimer's disease? Acta Neuropathol 93 1997 146 153 (Pubitemid 27060906)
10. H.A. Crystal, D.W. Dickson, M.J. Sliwinski, R.B. Lipton, E. Grober, and H. Marks-Nelson Pathological markers associated with normal aging and dementia in the elderly Ann Neurol 34 1993 566 573 (Pubitemid 23289408)
11. D.W. Dickson, H.A. Crystal, L.A. Mattiace, D.M. Masur, A.D. Blau, and P. Davies Identification of normal and pathological aging in prospectively studied nondemented elderly humans Neurobiol Aging 13 1992 179 189
12. C. Bouras, P.R. Hof, P. Giannakopoulos, J.P. Michel, and J.H. Morrison Regional distribution of neurofibrillary tangles and senile plaques in the cerebral cortex of elderly patients: a quantitative evaluation of a one-year autopsy population from a geriatric hospital Cereb Cortex 4 1994 138 150 (Pubitemid 24127824)
13. H. Braak, and E. Braak Frequency of stages of Alzheimer-related lesions in different age categories Neurobiol Aging 18 1997 351 357 (Pubitemid 27435070)
14. J.L. Price, and J.C. Morris Tangles and plaques in nondemented aging and "preclinical" Alzheimer's disease Ann Neurol 45 1999 358 368 (Pubitemid 29120041)
15. F.A. Schmitt, D.G. Davis, D.R. Wekstein, C.D. Smith, J.W. Ashford, and W.R. Markesbery "Preclinical" AD revisited: neuropathology of cognitively normal older adults Neurology 55 2000 370 376 (Pubitemid 30654797)
16. L. Davies, B. Wolska, C. Hilbich, G. Multhaup, R. Martins, and G. Simms A4 amyloid protein deposition and the diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease: prevalence in aged brains determined by immunocytochemistry compared with conventional neuropathologic techniques Neurology 38 1988 1688 1693 (Pubitemid 18265030)
17. D.A. Bennett, J.A. Schneider, R.S. Wilson, J.L. Bienias, and S.E. Arnold Neurofibrillary tangles mediate the association of amyloid load with clinical Alzheimer disease and level of cognitive function Arch Neurol 61 2004 378 384 (Pubitemid 38327357)
18. G.M. McKhann, D.S. Knopman, H. Chertkow, B.T. Hyman, C.R. Jack Jr., and C.H. Kawas The diagnosis of dementia due to Alzheimer's disease: recommendations from the National Institute on Aging-Alzheimer's Association workgroups on diagnostic guidelines for Alzheimer's disease Alzheimers Dement 7 2011 263 269
19. H. Braak, I. Alafuzoff, T. Arzberger, H. Kretzschmar, and K. Del Tredici Staging of Alzheimer disease-associated neurofibrillary pathology using paraffin sections and immunocytochemistry Acta Neuropathol 112 2006 389 404 (Pubitemid 44469160)
20. H. Braak, and E. Braak Neuropathological stageing of Alzheimer-related changes Acta Neuropathol 82 1991 239 259
21. S.S. Mirra, A. Heyman, D. McKeel, S.M. Sumi, B.J. Crain, and L.M. Brownlee The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part II. Standardization of the neuropathologic assessment of Alzheimer's disease Neurology 41 1991 479 486
22. D.W. Dickson The pathogenesis of senile plaques J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 56 1997 321 339 (Pubitemid 27465015)
23. D.R. Thal, U. Rub, M. Orantes, and H. Braak Phases of A beta-deposition in the human brain and its relevance for the development of AD Neurology 58 2002 1791 1800 (Pubitemid 34663580)
24. D.R. Thal, U. Rub, C. Schultz, I. Sassin, E. Ghebremedhin, and K. Del Tredici Sequence of Abeta-protein deposition in the human medial temporal lobe J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 59 2000 733 748 (Pubitemid 30626743)
25. J.P. Vonsattel, R.H. Myers, E.T. Hedley-Whyte, A.H. Ropper, E.D. Bird, and E.P. Richardson Jr. Cerebral amyloid angiopathy without and with cerebral hemorrhages: a comparative histological study Ann Neurol 30 1991 637 649
26. D.R. Thal, W.S. Griffin, R.A. de Vos, and E. Ghebremedhin Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and its relationship to Alzheimer's disease Acta Neuropathol 115 2008 599 609
27. P.T. Nelson, E.L. Abner, F.A. Schmitt, R.J. Kryscio, G.A. Jicha, and K. Santacruz Brains with medial temporal lobe neurofibrillary tangles but no neuritic amyloid plaques are a diagnostic dilemma but may have pathogenetic aspects distinct from Alzheimer disease J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 68 2009 774 784
28. H. Braak, and K. Del Tredici The pathological process underlying Alzheimer's disease in individuals under thirty Acta Neuropathol 121 2011 171 181
29. H. Braak, D.R. Thal, E. Ghebremedhin, and K. Del Tredici Stages of the pathologic process in Alzheimer disease: age categories from 1 to 100 years J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 70 2011 960 969
30. Z. Nagy, D.M. Yilmazer-Hanke, H. Braak, E. Braak, C. Schultz, and J. Hanke Assessment of the pathological stages of Alzheimer's disease in thin paraffin sections: a comparative study Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 9 1998 140 144 (Pubitemid 28171885)
31. I. Alafuzoff, T. Arzberger, S. Al-Sarraj, I. Bodi, N. Bogdanovic, and H. Braak Staging of neurofibrillary pathology in Alzheimer's disease: a study of the BrainNet Europe Consortium Brain Pathol 18 2008 484 496
32. R. Crook, A. Verkkoniemi, J. Perez-Tur, N. Mehta, M. Baker, and H. Houlden A variant of Alzheimer's disease with spastic paraparesis and unusual plaques due to deletion of exon 9 of presenilin 1 Nat Med 4 1998 452 455 (Pubitemid 28212762)
33. D.M. Walsh, and D.J. Selkoe A beta oligomers - a decade of discovery J Neurochem 101 2007 1172 1184
34. E. Masliah, R.D. Terry, M. Mallory, M. Alford, and L.A. Hansen Diffuse plaques do not accentuate synapse loss in Alzheimer's disease Am J Pathol 137 1990 1293 1297
35. E. Masliah, M. Mallory, T. Deerinck, R. DeTeresa, S. Lamont, and A. Miller Re-evaluation of the structural organization of neuritic plaques in Alzheimer's disease J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 52 1993 619 632 (Pubitemid 23335738)
36. R.D. Terry, E. Masliah, D.P. Salmon, N. Butters, R. DeTeresa, and R. Hill Physical basis of cognitive alterations in Alzheimer's disease: synapse loss is the major correlate of cognitive impairment Ann Neurol 30 1991 572 580
37. S.T. DeKosky, and S.W. Scheff Synapse loss in frontal cortex biopsies in Alzheimer's disease: correlation with cognitive severity Ann Neurol 27 1990 457 464 (Pubitemid 20149963)
38. I. Alafuzoff, D.R. Thal, T. Arzberger, N. Bogdanovic, S. Al-Sarraj, and I. Bodi Assessment of beta-amyloid deposits in human brain: a study of the BrainNet Europe Consortium Acta Neuropathol 117 2009 309 320
39. J.C. Morris The Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR): current version and scoring rules Neurology 43 1993 2412 2414 (Pubitemid 23346995)
40. T.J. Montine, and E.B. Larson Late-life dementias: does this unyielding global challenge require a broader view? JAMA 302 2009 2593 2594
41. P.T. Nelson, E.L. Abner, F.A. Schmitt, R.J. Kryscio, G.A. Jicha, and C.D. Smith Modeling the association between 43 different clinical and pathological variables and the severity of cognitive impairment in a large autopsy cohort of elderly persons Brain Pathol 20 2010 66 79
42. T.G. Beach, C.L. White, R.L. Hamilton, J.E. Duda, T. Iwatsubo, and D.W. Dickson Evaluation of alpha-synuclein immunohistochemical methods used by invited experts Acta Neuropathol 116 2008 277 288
43. I. Alafuzoff, L. Parkkinen, S. Al-Sarraj, T. Arzberger, J. Bell, and I. Bodi Assessment of alpha-synuclein pathology: a study of the BrainNet Europe Consortium J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 67 2008 125 143
44. I. Alafuzoff, M. Pikkarainen, S. Al-Sarraj, T. Arzberger, J. Bell, and I. Bodi Interlaboratory comparison of assessments of Alzheimer disease-related lesions: a study of the BrainNet Europe Consortium J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 65 2006 740 757 (Pubitemid 44200315)
45. I.G. McKeith, D.W. Dickson, J. Lowe, M. Emre, J.T. O'Brien, and H. Feldman Diagnosis and management of dementia with Lewy bodies: third report of the DLB Consortium Neurology 65 2005 1863 1872 (Pubitemid 43970103)
46. Y. Saito, N.N. Ruberu, M. Sawabe, T. Arai, H. Kazama, and T. Hosoi Lewy body-related alpha-synucleinopathy in aging J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 63 2004 742 749
47. C.H. Adler, D.J. Connor, J.G. Hentz, M.N. Sabbagh, J.N. Caviness, and H.A. Shill Incidental Lewy body disease: clinical comparison to a control cohort Mov Disord 25 2010 642 646
48. D.W. Dickson, H. Fujishiro, A. DelleDonne, J. Menke, Z. Ahmed, and K.J. Klos Evidence that incidental Lewy body disease is pre-symptomatic Parkinson's disease Acta Neuropathol 115 2008 437 444
49. T.G. Beach, C.H. Adler, L.I. Sue, J.B. Peirce, J. Bachalakuri, and J.E. Dalsing-Hernandez Reduced striatal tyrosine hydroxylase in incidental Lewy body disease Acta Neuropathol 115 2008 445 451
50. G.A. Jicha, F.A. Schmitt, E. Abner, P.T. Nelson, G.E. Cooper, and C.D. Smith Prodromal clinical manifestations of neuropathologically confirmed Lewy body disease Neurobiol Aging 31 2010 1805 1813
51. W.R. Markesbery, G.A. Jicha, H. Liu, and F.A. Schmitt Lewy body pathology in normal elderly subjects J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 68 2009 816 822
52. H. Uchikado, W.L. Lin, M.W. DeLucia, and D.W. Dickson Alzheimer disease with amygdala Lewy bodies: a distinct form of alpha-synucleinopathy J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 65 2006 685 697 (Pubitemid 44297259)
53. T.G. Beach, C.H. Adler, L. Lue, L.I. Sue, J. Bachalakuri, and J. Henry-Watson Unified staging system for Lewy body disorders: correlation with nigrostriatal degeneration, cognitive impairment and motor dysfunction Acta Neuropathol 117 2009 613 634
54. P.T. Nelson, R.J. Kryscio, G.A. Jicha, E.L. Abner, F.A. Schmitt, and L.O. Xu Relative preservation of MMSE scores in autopsy-proven dementia with Lewy bodies Neurology 73 2009 1127 1133
55. R.L. Hamilton Lewy bodies in Alzheimer's disease: a neuropathological review of 145 cases using alpha-synuclein immunohistochemistry Brain Pathol 10 2000 378 384 (Pubitemid 30431290)
56. C.F. Lippa, J.E. Duda, M. Grossman, H.I. Hurtig, D. Aarsland, and B.F. Boeve DLB and PDD boundary issues: diagnosis, treatment, molecular pathology, and biomarkers Neurology 68 2007 812 819 (Pubitemid 46568532)
57. J.B. Leverenz, M.A. Fishel, E.R. Peskind, T.J. Montine, D. Nochlin, and E. Steinbart Lewy body pathology in familial Alzheimer disease: evidence for disease- and mutation-specific pathologic phenotype Arch Neurol 63 2006 370 376
58. O. Pletnikova, N. West, M.K. Lee, G.L. Rudow, R.L. Skolasky, and T.M. Dawson Abeta deposition is associated with enhanced cortical alpha-synuclein lesions in Lewy body diseases Neurobiol Aging 26 2005 1183 1192 (Pubitemid 40726011)
59. G. Halliday, M. Hely, W. Reid, and J. Morris The progression of pathology in longitudinally followed patients with Parkinson's disease Acta Neuropathol 115 2008 409 415
60. H. Braak, K. Del Tredici, U. Rub, R.A. de Vos, E.N. Jansen Steur, and E. Braak Staging of brain pathology related to sporadic Parkinson's disease Neurobiol Aging 24 2003 197 211 (Pubitemid 36007810)
61. T.G. Beach, C.L. White 3rd, C.L. Hladik, M.N. Sabbagh, D.J. Connor, and H.A. Shill Olfactory bulb alpha-synucleinopathy has high specificity and sensitivity for Lewy body disorders Acta Neuropathol 117 2009 169 174
62. K. Del Tredici, U. Rub, R.A. De Vos, J.R. Bohl, and H. Braak Where does Parkinson disease pathology begin in the brain? J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 61 2002 413 426 (Pubitemid 34533671)
63. O.A. Selnes, and H.V. Vinters Vascular cognitive impairment Nat Clin Pract Neurol 2 2006 538 547 (Pubitemid 44445810)
64. T.G. Beach, J.R. Wilson, L.I. Sue, A. Newell, M. Poston, and R. Cisneros Circle of Willis atherosclerosis: association with Alzheimer's disease, neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles Acta Neuropathol 113 2007 13 21 (Pubitemid 44782925)
65. L. White Brain lesions at autopsy in older Japanese-American men as related to cognitive impairment and dementia in the final years of life: a summary report from the Honolulu-Asia aging study J Alzheimers Dis 18 2009 713 725
66. J.A. Sonnen, E.B. Larson, P.K. Crane, S. Haneuse, G. Li, and G.D. Schellenberg Pathological correlates of dementia in a longitudinal, population-based sample of aging Ann Neurol 62 2007 406 413 (Pubitemid 350105954)
67. P.B. Gorelick, A. Scuteri, S.E. Black, C. Decarli, S.M. Greenberg, and C. Iadecola Vascular contributions to cognitive impairment and dementia: a statement for healthcare professionals from the American Heart Association/American Stroke Association Stroke 42 2011 2672 2713
68. M. Gearing, S.S. Mirra, J.C. Hedreen, S.M. Sumi, L.A. Hansen, and A. Heyman The Consortium to Establish a Registry for Alzheimer's Disease (CERAD). Part X. Neuropathology confirmation of the clinical diagnosis of Alzheimer's disease Neurology 45 1995 461 466
69. P.T. Nelson, G.A. Jicha, F.A. Schmitt, H. Liu, D.G. Davis, and M.S. Mendiondo Clinicopathologic correlations in a large Alzheimer disease center autopsy cohort: neuritic plaques and neurofibrillary tangles "do count" when staging disease severity J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 66 2007 1136 1146 (Pubitemid 350294663)
70. H.C. Chui, C. Zarow, W.J. Mack, W.G. Ellis, L. Zheng, and W.J. Jagust Cognitive impact of subcortical vascular and Alzheimer's disease pathology Ann Neurol 60 2006 677 687 (Pubitemid 46048485)
71. J.A. Schneider, Z. Arvanitakis, S.E. Leurgans, and D.A. Bennett The neuropathology of probable Alzheimer disease and mild cognitive impairment Ann Neurol 66 2009 200 208
72. J.A. Schneider, and D.A. Bennett Where vascular meets neurodegenerative disease Stroke 41 2010 S144 S146
73. R.S. Wilson, S.E. Leurgans, P.A. Boyle, J.A. Schneider, and D.A. Bennett Neurodegenerative basis of age-related cognitive decline Neurology 75 2010 1070 1078
74. V. Hachinski, C. Iadecola, R.C. Petersen, M.M. Breteler, D.L. Nyenhuis, and S.E. Black National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke-Canadian Stroke Network vascular cognitive impairment harmonization standards Stroke 37 2006 2220 2241 (Pubitemid 44337162)
75. J.A. Sonnen, E.B. Larson, S. Haneuse, R. Woltjer, G. Li, and P.K. Crane Neuropathology in the adult changes in thought study: a review J Alzheimers Dis 18 2009 703 711
76. H.V. Vinters Cerebral amyloid angiopathy. A critical review Stroke 18 1987 311 324 (Pubitemid 17059655)
77. H.V. Vinters, W.G. Ellis, C. Zarow, B.W. Zaias, W.J. Jagust, and W.J. Mack Neuropathologic substrates of ischemic vascular dementia J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 59 2000 931 945
78. L.T. Grinberg, and D.R. Thal Vascular pathology in the aged human brain Acta Neuropathol 119 2010 277 290
79. H.V. Vinters Cerebral amyloid angiopathy: a microvascular link between parenchymal and vascular dementia? Ann Neurol 49 2001 691 693 (Pubitemid 32530232)
80. H.V. Vinters Cerebral amyloid angiopathy and Alzheimer's disease: two entities or one? J Neurol Sci 112 1992 1 3
81. J.A. Sonnen, E.B. Larson, K. Brickell, P.K. Crane, R. Woltjer, and T.J. Montine Different patterns of cerebral injury in dementia with or without diabetes Arch Neurol 66 2009 315 322
82. V. Soontornniyomkij, M.D. Lynch, S. Mermash, J. Pomakian, H. Badkoobehi, and R. Clare Cerebral microinfarcts associated with severe cerebral beta-amyloid angiopathy Brain Pathol 20 2010 459 467
83. C. Amador-Ortiz, and D.W. Dickson Neuropathology of hippocampal sclerosis Handb Clin Neurol 89 2008 569 572
84. P.T. Nelson, F.A. Schmitt, Y. Lin, E.L. Abner, G.A. Jicha, and E. Patel Hippocampal sclerosis in advanced age: clinical and pathological features Brain 134 2011 1506 1518
85. K.J. Hatanpaa, D.M. Blass, O. Pletnikova, B.J. Crain, E.H. Bigio, and J.C. Hedreen Most cases of dementia with hippocampal sclerosis may represent frontotemporal dementia Neurology 63 2004 538 542 (Pubitemid 39031389)
86. C. Amador-Ortiz, W.L. Lin, Z. Ahmed, D. Personett, P. Davies, and R. Duara TDP-43 immunoreactivity in hippocampal sclerosis and Alzheimer's disease Ann Neurol 61 2007 435 445 (Pubitemid 46878771)
87. Y. Miki, F. Mori, E. Hori, M. Kaimori, and K. Wakabayashi Hippocampal sclerosis with four-repeat tau-positive round inclusions in the dentate gyrus: a new type of four-repeat tauopathy Acta Neuropathol 117 2009 713 718
88. E.B. Lee, V.M. Lee, J.Q. Trojanowski, and M. Neumann TDP-43 immunoreactivity in anoxic, ischemic and neoplastic lesions of the central nervous system Acta Neuropathol 115 2008 305 311
89. T. Arai, I.R. Mackenzie, M. Hasegawa, T. Nonoka, K. Niizato, and K. Tsuchiya Phosphorylated TDP-43 in Alzheimer's disease and dementia with Lewy bodies Acta Neuropathol 117 2009 125 136
90. H. Nakashima-Yasuda, K. Uryu, J. Robinson, S.X. Xie, H. Hurtig, and J.E. Duda Co-morbidity of TDP-43 proteinopathy in Lewy body related diseases Acta Neuropathol 114 2007 221 229 (Pubitemid 47226148)
91. A.C. Wilson, B.N. Dugger, D.W. Dickson, and D.S. Wang TDP-43 in aging and Alzheimer's disease - a review Int J Clin Exp Pathol 4 2011 147 155
92. I.R. Mackenzie, M. Neumann, E.H. Bigio, N.J. Cairns, I. Alafuzoff, and J. Kril Nomenclature and nosology for neuropathologic subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration: an update Acta Neuropathol 119 2010 1 4
93. I.R. Mackenzie, M. Neumann, E.H. Bigio, N.J. Cairns, I. Alafuzoff, and J. Kril Nomenclature for neuropathologic subtypes of frontotemporal lobar degeneration: consensus recommendations Acta Neuropathol 117 2009 15 18
94. N.J. Cairns, E.H. Bigio, I.R. Mackenzie, M. Neumann, V.M. Lee, and K.J. Hatanpaa Neuropathologic diagnostic and nosologic criteria for frontotemporal lobar degeneration: consensus of the Consortium for Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Acta Neuropathol 114 2007 5 22 (Pubitemid 47029055)
95. K.A. Jellinger, and C. Bancher Senile dementia with tangles (tangle predominant form of senile dementia) Brain Pathol 8 1998 367 376 (Pubitemid 28186072)
96. M.L. Schmidt, V. Zhukareva, K.L. Newell, V.M. Lee, and J.Q. Trojanowski Tau isoform profile and phosphorylation state in dementia pugilistica recapitulate Alzheimer's disease Acta Neuropathol 101 2001 518 524 (Pubitemid 32600142)
97. K. Kosaka Diffuse neurofibrillary tangles with calcification: a new presenile dementia J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 57 1994 594 596 (Pubitemid 24151254)
98. T. Uchihara, A. Nakamura, M. Yamazaki, O. Mori, K. Ikeda, and K. Tsuchiya Different conformation of neuronal tau deposits distinguished by double immunofluorescence with AT8 and thiazin red combined with Gallyas method Acta Neuropathol 102 2001 462 466 (Pubitemid 32976079)
99. S.R. Dlouhy, K. Hsiao, M.R. Farlow, T. Foroud, P.M. Conneally, and P. Johnson Linkage of the Indiana kindred of Gerstmann-Straussler-Scheinker disease to the prion protein gene Nat Genet 1 1992 64 67
100. C.R. Jack Jr., D.S. Knopman, W.J. Jagust, L.M. Shaw, P.S. Aisen, and M.W. Weiner Hypothetical model of dynamic biomarkers of the Alzheimer's pathological cascade Lancet Neurol 9 2010 119 128
101. S. Seshadri, A.L. Fitzpatrick, M.A. Ikram, A.L. DeStefano, V. Gudnason, and M. Boada Genome-wide analysis of genetic loci associated with Alzheimer disease JAMA 303 2010 1832 1840
102. A.C. Naj, G. Jun, G.W. Beecham, L.S. Wang, B.N. Vardarajan, and J. Buros Common variants at MS4A4/MS4A6E, CD2AP, CD33 and EPHA1 are associated with late-onset Alzheimer's disease Nat Genet 43 2011 436 441
103. K.J. Anstey, N. Cherbuin, M. Budge, and J. Young Body mass index in midlife and late-life as a risk factor for dementia: a meta-analysis of prospective studies Obes Rev 12 2011 e426 e437
104. R.C. Ho, M.W. Cheung, E. Fu, H.H. Win, M.H. Zaw, and A. Ng Is high homocysteine level a risk factor for cognitive decline in elderly? A systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 19 2011 607 617
105. M.C. Power, J. Weuve, J.J. Gagne, M.B. McQueen, A. Viswanathan, and D. Blacker The association between blood pressure and incident Alzheimer disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis Epidemiology 22 2011 646 659
106. J.B. Leverenz, R. Hamilton, D.W. Tsuang, A. Schantz, D. Vavrek, and E.B. Larson Empiric refinement of the pathologic assessment of Lewy-related pathology in the dementia patient Brain Pathol 18 2008 220 224 (Pubitemid 351430400)