MgO nano-facet embedded silver-based dielectric/metal/dielectric transparent electrode

Optics Express

Volumn 20, Issue 2, 2012, Pages 845-853

  Kim, Sungjun ^a   Yu, Hak Ki ^a   Hong, Kihyon ^a   Kim, Kisoo ^a   Son, Jun Ho ^a   Lee, Illhwan ^a   Kim, Kyoung Bo ^b   Kim, Tae Yeob ^b   Lee, Jong Lam ^a  

^a Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH)   (South Korea)

^b POSCO   (South Korea)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

INDIUM COMPOUNDS; REFRACTIVE INDEX; TIN; TIN OXIDES;

CRITICAL ANGLES; EMISSION WAVELENGTH; GRADED INDEX; INCIDENT LIGHT; INDIUM TIN OXIDE; LOW LIGHT; TRANSPARENT ELECTRODE;

ELECTRODES;

GLASS; MAGNESIUM OXIDE; OXIDE; SILVER; TUNGSTEN; TUNGSTEN OXIDE; ZIRCONIUM; ZIRCONIUM OXIDE;

ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRODE; INSTRUMENTATION; METHODOLOGY; NANOTECHNOLOGY; OPTICAL INSTRUMENTATION; REFRACTOMETRY;

ELECTRIC CONDUCTIVITY; ELECTRODES; GLASS; MAGNESIUM OXIDE; NANOTECHNOLOGY; OPTICAL DEVICES; OXIDES; REFRACTOMETRY; SILVER; TUNGSTEN; ZIRCONIUM;

EID: 84855980517     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10944087     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1364/OE.20.000845     Document Type: Article

References (29)

1. S. Choi, S.-J. Kim, C. Fuentes-Hernandez, and B. Kippelen, "ITO-free large-area organic light-emitting diodes with an integrated metal grid," Opt. Express 19(S4 Suppl 4), A793-A803 (2011).
2. S. H. Kim, S. Park, J. E. Kwon, and S. Y. Park, "Organic light-emitting diodes with a white-emitting molecule: emission mechanism and device characteristics," Adv. Funct. Mater. 21(4), 644-651 (2011).
3. J. Wu, M. Agrawal, H. A. Becerril, Z. Bao, Z. Liu, Y. Chen, and P. Peumans, "Organic light-emitting diodes on solution-processed graphene transparent electrodes," ACS Nano 4(1), 43-48 (2010).
4. R. Capelli, S. Toffanin, G. Generali, H. Usta, A. Facchetti, and M. Muccini, "Organic light-emitting transistors with an efficiency that outperforms the equivalent light-emitting diodes," Nat. Mater. 9(6), 496-503 (2010).
5. Z. Liu, J. H. Oh, M. E. Roberts, P. Wei, B. C. Paul, M. Okajima, Y. Nishi, and Z. Bao, "Solution-processed flexible organic transistors showing very-low subthreshold slope with a bilayer polymeric dielectric on plastic," Appl. Phys. Lett. 94(20), 203301 (2009).
6. A. T. Mallajosyula, N. Srivastava, S. S. K. Lyer, and B. Mazhari, "Characterization of matrix and isolated organic solar cells," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 94(8), 1319-1323 (2010).
7. H. Kim, J. S. Horwitz, G. Kushto, A. Piqué, Z. H. Kafafi, C. M. Gilmore, and D. B. Chrisey, "Effect of film thickness on the properties of indium tin oxide thin films," J. Appl. Phys. 88(10), 6021-6025 (2000).
8. 3 multilayer transparent electrodes," Org. Electron. 10(6), 1163-1169 (2009).
9. 3 multilayer as transparent cathode in top-emitting organic light emitting diodes," J. Phys. Chem. C 115(8), 3453-3459 (2011).
10. K. S. Yook, S. O. Jeon, C. W. Joo, and H. Y. Lee, "Transparent organic light emitting diodes using a multilayer oxide as a low resistance transparent cathode," Appl. Phys. Lett. 93(1), 013301 (2008).
11. H. Cho, C. Yun, and S. Yoo, "Multilayer transparent electrode for organic light-emitting diodes: Tuning its optical characteristics," Opt. Express 18(4), 3404-3414 (2010).
12. H. A. Macleod, Thin Film Optical Filters (Taylor & Francis, 2001).
13. Y. Sun and S. R. Forrest, "Enhanced light outcoupling of organic light-emitting devices using embedded lowindex grids," Nat. Photonics 2(8), 483-487 (2008).
14. M. Cui, H. P. Urbach, and D. K. G. de Boer, "Optimization of light extraction from OLEDs," Opt. Express 15(8), 4398-4409 (2007).
15. T. Nakayama, K. Hiyama, K. Furukawa, and H. Ohtani, "Development of phosphorescent white OLED with extremely high power efficiency and long lifetime," J. Soc. Inf. Disp. 16(2), 231-236 (2008).
16. Y. R. Do, Y. C. Kim, Y. W. Song, and Y. H. Lee, "Enhanced light extraction efficiency from organic light emitting diodes by insertion of a two-dimensional photonic crystal structure," J. Appl. Phys. 96(12), 7629-7636 (2004).
17. W. H. Koo, S. M. Jeong, S. Nishimura, F. Araoka, K. Ishikawa, T. Toyooka, and H. Takezoe, "Polarization conversion in surface-plasmon-coupled emission from organic light-emitting diodes using spontaneously formed buckles," Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.) 23(8), 1003-1007 (2011).
18. T. Nakamura, N. Tsutsumi, N. Juni, and H. Fujii, "Thin-film waveguiding mode light extraction in organic electroluminescent device using high refractive index substrate," J. Appl. Phys. 97(5), 054505 (2005).
19. T.-W. Koh, J.-M. Choi, S. Lee, and S. Yoo, "Optical outcoupling enhancement in organic light-emitting diodes: Highly conductive polymer as a low-index layer on microstructured ITO electrodes," Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.) 22(16), 1849-1853 (2010).
20. T. Tsutsui, M. Yahiro, H. Yokogawa, K. Kawano, and M. Yokoyama, "Doubling coupling-out efficiency in organic light-emitting devices using a thin silica aerogel layer," Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.) 13(15), 1149-1152 (2001).
21. J. Feng, T. Okamoto, and S. Kawata, "Enhancement of electroluminescence through a two-dimensional corrugated metal film by grating-induced surface-plasmon cross coupling," Opt. Lett. 30(17), 2302-2304 (2005).
22. M. Agrawal, Y. Sun, S. R. Forrest, and P. Peumans, "Enhanced outcoupling from organic light-emitting diodes using aperiodic dielectric mirrors," Appl. Phys. Lett. 90(24), 241112 (2007).
23. K. Hong, H. K. Yu, I. Lee, K. Kim, S. Kim, and J.-L. Lee, "Enhanced light outcoupling of organic light-emitting diodes: Spontaneously formed nanofacet-structured MgO as a refractive index modulation layer," Adv. Mater. (Deerfield Beach Fla.) 22(43), 4890-4894 (2010).
24. J. H. Son, H. K. Yu, and J.-L. Lee, "MgO nano-pyramids structure for enhancement of light extraction efficiency in vertical light-emitting diodes," Opt. Express 18(S3 Suppl 3), A403-A410 (2010).
25. 3) thin films," Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells 91(4), 266-274 (2007).
26. J. Goniakowski, F. Finocchi, and C. Noguera, "Polarity of oxide surfaces and nanostructures," Rep. Prog. Phys. 71(1), 016501 (2008).
27. Y.-H. Tak, K.-B. Kim, H.-G. Park, K.-H. Lee, and J.-L. Lee, "Criteria for ITO (indium-tin-oxide) thin film as the bottom electrode of an organic light emitting diode," Thin Solid Films 411(1), 12-16 (2002).
28. K.-B. Kim, Y.-H. Tak, Y.-S. Han, K.-H. Baik, M.-H. Yoon, and M.-H. Lee, "Relationship between surface roughness of indium tin oxide and leakage current of organic light-emitting diode," Jpn. J. Appl. Phys. 42(Part 2, No. 4B), L438-L440 (2003).
29. U. Gösele, "How clean is too clean?" Nature 440(7080), 34-35 (2006).