Effects of Grammatical Categories on Letter Detection in Continuous Text

Journal of Psycholinguistic Research

Volumn 41, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 33-49

  Foucambert, Denis ^a   Zuniga, Michael ^a  

^a UNIVERSITÉ DU QUÉBEC À MONTRÉAL   (Canada)

Author keywords

Missing letter effect; Reading; Sentence processing; Syntax

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; COMPARATIVE STUDY; HUMAN; LANGUAGE; LINGUISTICS; METHODOLOGY; MIDDLE AGED; PATTERN RECOGNITION; PHYSIOLOGY; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; READING; STATISTICAL MODEL;

ADULT; HUMANS; LANGUAGE; MIDDLE AGED; MODELS, STATISTICAL; PATTERN RECOGNITION, VISUAL; PSYCHOLINGUISTICS; PSYCHOLOGICAL THEORY; READING;

EID: 84855973183     PISSN: 00906905     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s10936-011-9175-1     Document Type: Article

References (64)

1. Abney, S. P. (1987). The English noun phrase in its sentential aspect. Unpublished PhD, Massachusetts Institute of Technology.
2. Assink E. M. H., Knuijt P. P. N. A. (2000) Reading development and attention to letters in words. Contemporary Educational Psychology 25(4): 347-362.
3. Borillo A. (2002) Il y a prépositions et prépositions. Travaux de linguistique 42: 157-170.
4. Brysbaert M., Drieghe D., Vitu F. (2005) Word skipping: Implications for theories of eye movement control in reading. In: Underwood G. (eds) Cognitive processes in eye guidance. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 53-77.
5. Carpenter P. A., Just M. A., Rayner K. (1983) What your eyes do while your mind is reading. In: Rayner K. (eds) Eye movements in reading: Perceptual and language processes. Academic Press, New York, pp 275-307.
6. Chomsky N. (1969) Structures syntaxiques. Seuil, Paris.
7. Chomsky N. (1995) The minimalist program. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
8. Coen M., d'Hulst Y. (2003) The syntax and semantics of noun phrases: Theoretical background. In: Coen M., d'Hulst Y. (eds) From NP to DP the syntax and semantics of noun phrases. John Benjamins, Amsterdam.
9. Cohen J. (1968) Multiple regression as a general data-analytic system. Psychological Bulletin 70(6): 426-443.
10. Cohen J., Cohen P., West S. G., Aiken L. S. (1983) Applied multiple regression/correlation analysis for the behavioral sciences. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ.
11. Corcoran D. W. (1966) An acoustic factor in letter cancellation. Nature 210: 658.
12. Drewnowski A. (1981) Missing -ing in reading: Developmental changes in reading units. Journal of Experimental Child Psychology 31(1): 154-168.
13. Drewnowski A., Healy A. F. (1980) Missing -ing in reading: Letter detection errors on word endings. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 19(3): 247-262.
14. Drewnowski A., Healy A. F. (1982) Phonetic factors in letter detection: A reevaluation. Memory & Cognition 10: 145-154.
15. Foucambert D., Baillé J. (2011) Evolution of the missing-letter effect among student readers between ages 5 and 8. Applied Psycholinguistics 32(1): 1-17.
16. Gaatone D. (2002) Les prépositions: une classe aux contours flous. Travaux de linguistique 42: 23-31.
17. Garner W. R., Clement D. E. (1963) Goodness of pattern uncertainty. Journal of Verbal Learning and Verbal Behavior 2: 446-452.
18. Greenberg S., Healy A. F., Koriat A., Kreiner H. (2004) The GO model: A reconsideration of the role of structural units in guiding and organizing text on line. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 11(3): 428-433.
19. Greenberg S. N., Koriat A., Shapiro A. (1992) The effects of syntactic structure on letter detection in adjacent function words. Memory & Cognition 20(6): 663-670.
20. Hadley J. A., Healy A. F. (1991) When are reading units larger than letter? Refinement of unitization reading model. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 17: 1062-1073.
21. Healy A. F. (1976) Detection errors on the word the: Evidence for reading units larger than letters. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2: 235-242.
22. Healy A. F. (1994) Letter detection: A window to unitization and other cognitive processes in reading texts. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 1: 333-344.
23. Healy A. F., Drewnowski A. (1983) Investigating the boundaries of reading units: Letter detection in mispelled words. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 9: 413-426.
24. Inhoff A. W., Radach R., Eiter B. M., Skelly M. (2003) Exterior letters are not privileged in the early stage of visual word recognition during reading: Comment on Jordan, Thomas, Patching and Scott-Brown (2003). Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 29(5): 894-899.
25. Kennedy A. (2000) Parafoveal processing in word recognition. The Quaterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 53(2): 429-455.
26. Kimball J. (1973) Seven principles of surface structure parsing in natural language. Cognition 2(1): 15-47.
27. Knittel M.-L. (2002) Existe-t-il un DP en turc?. Recherches linguistiques de Vincennes 31: 79-96.
28. Koriat A., Greenberg S. N. (1991) Syntactic control of letter detection: Evidence from English and Hebrew nonwords. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 17: 1035-1050.
29. Koriat A., Greenberg S. N. (1993) Prominence of leading functors in function morpheme sequences as evidenced by letter detection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 19: 34-59.
30. Koriat A., Greenberg S. N. (1994) The extraction of phrase structure during reading: Evidence from letter detection errors. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 1(3): 345-356.
31. Koriat A., Greenberg S. N. (1996) The enhancement effect in letter detection: Further evidence for the structural model of reading. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 22(5): 1184-1195.
32. Koriat A., Greenberg S. N., Goldshmid Y. (1991) The missing-letter effect in Hebrew: Word frequency or word function?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 17: 66-80.
33. Leeman D. (2008) Prépositions du français: état des lieux. Langue Française 157(1): 5-19.
34. McConkie G. W., Kerr P. W., Dyre B. P. (1994) What are 'normal' eye movements during reading: Toward a mathematical description. In: Ygge J., Iennerstrand G. (eds) Eye movements in reading. Elsevier, Oxford, pp 315-327.
35. McConkie G. W., Kerr P. W., Reddixx M. D., Zola D. (1988) Eye movement control during reading: I. The location of initial eye fixations in words. Vision Research 28: 1107-1118.
36. Mohan P. J. (1978) Acoustic factors in letter cancellation: Developmental considerations. Developmental Psychology 14: 117-118.
37. Moravcsik J. E., Healy A. F. (1995) The effect on meaning on letter detection. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory and Cognition 21: 82-95.
38. Musseler J., Koriat A., Nißlein N. (2000) Letter-detection patterns in German: A window to the early extraction of sentential structure during reading. Memory & Cognition 28(6): 993-1003.
39. Nazir T. A., Jacobs A. M., O'Regan J. K. (1998) Letter legibility and visual word recognition. Memory & Cognition 26(4): 810-821.
40. New B., Pallier C., Fernand L., Matos R. (2001) Une base de données lexicales du français contemporain sur internet: LEXIQUE. L'Année Psychologique 101: 447-462.
41. O'Regan J. K. (1979) Moment to moment control of eye saccades as a function of textual parameters in reading. In: Kolers P. A., Wrolstad M. E., Bouma H. (eds) Processing of visible language. Plenum Press, New York.
42. O'Regan J. K., Jacobs A. M. (1992) Optimal viewing position effect in word recognition: A challenge to current theory. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance 18: 185-197.
43. Pollock J. Y. (1997) Langage et Cognition. PUF, Paris.
44. Pelli D. G., Burns C. W., Farell B., Moore-Page D. C. (2006) Feature detection and letter identification. Vision Research 46: 4646-4674.
45. Radach R., Kennedy A. (2004) Theoretical perspectives on eye movements in reading: Past controversies, current deficits and an agenda for future research. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 16: 3-26.
46. Rayner K. (1998) Eye movement in reading and information processing: 20 years of research. Psychological Bulletin 124(3): 372-422.
47. Rayner K., Pollatsek A., Coltheart M. (1987) Eye movements in reading: A tutorial review attention and performance XII. In: Rayner K., Pollatsek A. (eds) The psychology of reading. Erlbaum, Hillsdale, NJ, pp 327-362.
48. Read J. D. (1983) Detection of Fs in a single statement: The role of phonetic recoding. Memory & Cognition 11(4): 390-399.
49. Roy-Charland A., Saint-Aubin J., Klein R. M., Lawrence M. (2007) Eye movements as direct tests of the GO model for the missing-letter effect. Perception and Psychophysics 69(3): 324-337.
50. Roy-Charland A., Saint-Aubin J., Lawrence M., Klein R. M. (2009) Solving the chicken and egg problem of letter detection and fixation duration in reading. Attention, Perception & Psychophysics 71(7): 1553-1562.
51. Saint-Aubin J., Klein R. M. (2001) Influence of parafoveal processing on the missing-letter effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 27(2): 318-334.
52. Saint-Aubin J., Klein R. M. (2008) The influence of reading skills on the missing-letter effect among elementary school students. Reading Research Quarterly 43(2): 132-146.
53. Saint-Aubin J., Klein R. M., Roy-Charland A. (2003) Direct assessments of the processing time hypothesis for the missing-letter effect. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception & Performance 29: 1191-1210.
54. Saint-Aubin J., Poirier M. (1997) The influence in word function in the missing-letter effect: Further evidence from French. Memory & Cognition 25: 666-676.
55. Schneider V. I., Healy A. F. (1993) Detecting phonemes and letters in text: Interactions between different types and levels of processes. Memory & Cognition 21: 739-751.
56. Schneider V. I., Healy A. F., Gesi A. T. (1991) The role of phonetic processes in letter detection: A reevaluation. Journal of Memory & Language 30: 294-318.
57. Siloni T. (1990) On the parallelism between CP and DP: The case of Hebrew semirelatives. Proceedings of LCJL 1: 135-153.
58. Smith P. T., Groat A. (1979) Spelling patterns, letter cancellation and the processing of text. In: Kolers P. A., Wrolstad M. E., Bouma M. E. (eds) Processing of visible language. Plenum Press, New York.
59. Szabolcsi A. (1994) The noun phrase. In: Kiefer F., Kiss K. (eds) The syntactic structure of Hungarian. Syntax and semantics 27: The syntactic structure of Hungarian. Academic Press, New York, pp 179-275.
60. Vaguer C. (2008) Classement syntaxique des prépositions simples du français. Langue Française 157(1): 20-36.
61. Vitu F. (1991) The influence of parafoveal processing in linguistic context on the optimal landing position effect. Perception and Psychophysics 50: 58-75.
62. Vitu F., O'Regan J. K., Inhoff A. W., Topolski R. (1995) Mindless reading: Eye-movement characteristics are similar in scanning letter strings and reading texts. Perception and Psychophysics 57(3): 352-364.
63. White S. J., Rayner K., Liversedge S. P. (2005) The influence of parafoveal word length and contextual constraint on fixation durations and word skipping in reading. Psychonomic Bulletin and Review 12(3): 466-471.
64. Winer B. J., Brown D. R., Michels K. M. (1991) Statistical principles in experimental design. McGraw-Hill, New York.