메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 21, Issue 3, 2012, Pages 765-778

Elephant behaviour and conservation: Social relationships, the effects of poaching, and genetic tools for management

Author keywords

animal mating breeding systems; behaviour social evolution; conservation genetics; wildlife management

Indexed keywords

MICROSATELLITE DNA;

EID: 84855878556     PISSN: 09621083     EISSN: 1365294X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2011.05237.x     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (66)

References (112)
  • 1
    • 33750359350 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sexual selection in wild baboons: From mating opportunities to paternity success
    • Alberts SC, Buchan JC, Altmann J, (2006) Sexual selection in wild baboons: From mating opportunities to paternity success. Animal Behaviour, 72, 1177-1196.
    • (2006) Animal Behaviour , vol.72 , pp. 1177-1196
    • Alberts, S.C.1    Buchan, J.C.2    Altmann, J.3
  • 2
    • 33744490089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The African savannah elephant population in Kidepo Valley National Park, Uganda: Changes in size and structure from 1967 to 2000
    • Aleper D, Moe SR, (2006) The African savannah elephant population in Kidepo Valley National Park, Uganda: changes in size and structure from 1967 to 2000. African Journal of Ecology, 44, 157-164.
    • (2006) African Journal of Ecology , vol.44 , pp. 157-164
    • Aleper, D.1    Moe, S.R.2
  • 5
    • 0038468893 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterization of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana africana)
    • Archie EA, Moss CJ, Alberts SC, (2003) Characterization of tetranucleotide microsatellite loci in the African savannah elephant (Loxodonta africana africana). Molecular Ecology Notes, 3, 244-246.
    • (2003) Molecular Ecology Notes , vol.3 , pp. 244-246
    • Archie, E.A.1    Moss, C.J.2    Alberts, S.C.3
  • 6
    • 33645755862 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ties that bind: Genetic relatedness predicts the fission and fusion of groups in wild African elephants (Loxodonta africana)
    • Archie EA, Moss CJ, Alberts SC, (2006) The ties that bind: genetic relatedness predicts the fission and fusion of groups in wild African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 273, 513-522.
    • (2006) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , vol.273 , pp. 513-522
    • Archie, E.A.1    Moss, C.J.2    Alberts, S.C.3
  • 7
    • 34748923488 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioral inbreeding avoidance in wild African elephants
    • Archie EA, Hollister-Smith JA, Poole JH, et al. (2007) Behavioral inbreeding avoidance in wild African elephants. Molecular Ecology, 16, 4138-4148.
    • (2007) Molecular Ecology , vol.16 , pp. 4138-4148
    • Archie, E.A.1    Hollister-Smith, J.A.2    Poole, J.H.3
  • 8
    • 44249105644 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fine-scale population genetic structure in a fission-fusion society
    • Archie EA, Maldonado JE, Hollister-Smith JA, et al. (2008) Fine-scale population genetic structure in a fission-fusion society. Molecular Ecology, 17, 2666-2679.
    • (2008) Molecular Ecology , vol.17 , pp. 2666-2679
    • Archie, E.A.1    Maldonado, J.E.2    Hollister-Smith, J.A.3
  • 9
    • 84855875395 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friends and relations: Kinship and the nature of female elephant social relationships
    • (ed. Moss C.J. Croze H.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Archie EA, Moss CJ, Alberts SC, (2011) Friends and relations: Kinship and the nature of female elephant social relationships. In: Amboseli Elephants: A Long-term Perspective on a Long-lived Mamma (ed., Moss CJ, Croze H,). pp. 238-245, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (2011) Amboseli Elephants: A Long-term Perspective on A Long-lived Mamma , pp. 238-245
    • Archie, E.A.1    Moss, C.J.2    Alberts, S.C.3
  • 10
    • 84855867557 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adaptive responses and disruptive effects: How major wildfire influences kinship-based social interactions in a forest marsupial
    • (in press). doi
    • Banks S, Blyton M, Blair D, McBurney L, Lindenmayer D, (in press) Adaptive responses and disruptive effects: how major wildfire influences kinship-based social interactions in a forest marsupial. Molecular Ecology, doi:.
    • Molecular Ecology
    • Banks, S.1    Blyton, M.2    Blair, D.3    McBurney, L.4    Lindenmayer, D.5
  • 11
    • 0035133688 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How reliable are dung counts for estimating elephant numbers?
    • Barnes RFW, (2001) How reliable are dung counts for estimating elephant numbers? African Journal of Ecology, 39, 1-9.
    • (2001) African Journal of Ecology , vol.39 , pp. 1-9
    • Barnes, R.F.W.1
  • 12
    • 0031417279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating forest elephant numbers with dung counts and a geographic information system
    • Barnes RFW, Beardsley K, Michelmore F, et al. (1997) Estimating forest elephant numbers with dung counts and a geographic information system. Journal of Wildlife Management, 61, 1384-1393.
    • (1997) Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.61 , pp. 1384-1393
    • Barnes, R.F.W.1    Beardsley, K.2    Michelmore, F.3
  • 14
    • 0141607967 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • True paternal care in a multi-male primate society
    • Buchan JC, Alberts SC, Silk JB, Altmann J, (2003) True paternal care in a multi-male primate society. Nature, 425, 179-181.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.425 , pp. 179-181
    • Buchan, J.C.1    Alberts, S.C.2    Silk, J.B.3    Altmann, J.4
  • 16
    • 0024484428 scopus 로고
    • Parental care and mating behaviour of polyandrous dunnocks Prunella modularis related to paternity by DNA fingerprinting
    • Burke T, Davies NB, Bruford MW, Hatchwell BJ, (1989) Parental care and mating behaviour of polyandrous dunnocks Prunella modularis related to paternity by DNA fingerprinting. Nature, 338, 249-251.
    • (1989) Nature , vol.338 , pp. 249-251
    • Burke, T.1    Davies, N.B.2    Bruford, M.W.3    Hatchwell, B.J.4
  • 18
    • 17644394289 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial relationships and matrilineal kinship in African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) clans
    • Charif RA, Ramey RR, Langbauer WR, et al. (2005) Spatial relationships and matrilineal kinship in African savanna elephant (Loxodonta africana) clans. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 57, 327-338.
    • (2005) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.57 , pp. 327-338
    • Charif, R.A.1    Ramey, R.R.2    Langbauer, W.R.3
  • 19
    • 84855881877 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic structure in a dynamic baboon hybrid zone corroborates behavioral observations in a hybrid population
    • (in press). in press
    • Charpentier MJE, Fontaine MC, Cherel E, et al. (in press). Genetic structure in a dynamic baboon hybrid zone corroborates behavioral observations in a hybrid population. Molecular Ecology, 20, in press.
    • Molecular Ecology , vol.20
    • Charpentier, M.J.E.1    Fontaine, M.C.2    Cherel, E.3
  • 20
    • 79957668947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Association patterns of African elephants in all-male groups: The role of age and genetic relatedness
    • doi
    • Chiyo PI, Archie EA, Hollister-Smith JA, et al. (2011a) Association patterns of African elephants in all-male groups: the role of age and genetic relatedness. Animal Behaviour, 81, 1093-1099. doi
    • (2011) Animal Behaviour , vol.81 , pp. 1093-1099
    • Chiyo, P.I.1    Archie, E.A.2    Hollister-Smith, J.A.3
  • 21
    • 79955408022 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using molecular and observational techniques to estimate the number and raiding patterns of crop-raiding elephants
    • doi
    • Chiyo PI, Moss CJ, Archie EA, Hollister-Smith JA, Alberts SC, (2011b) Using molecular and observational techniques to estimate the number and raiding patterns of crop-raiding elephants. Journal of Applied Ecology, 48, 788-796. doi
    • (2011) Journal of Applied Ecology , vol.48 , pp. 788-796
    • Chiyo, P.I.1    Moss, C.J.2    Archie, E.A.3    Hollister-Smith, J.A.4    Alberts, S.C.5
  • 23
    • 0346258015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Undesirable evolutionary consequences of trophy hunting
    • Coltman DW, O'Donoghue P, Jorgenson JT, et al. (2003) Undesirable evolutionary consequences of trophy hunting. Nature, 426, 655-658.
    • (2003) Nature , vol.426 , pp. 655-658
    • Coltman, D.W.1    O'Donoghue, P.2    Jorgenson, J.T.3
  • 24
    • 0033911624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci identified in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)
    • Comstock KE, Wasser SK, Ostrander EA, (2000) Polymorphic microsatellite DNA loci identified in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Molecular Ecology, 9, 1004-1006.
    • (2000) Molecular Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 1004-1006
    • Comstock, K.E.1    Wasser, S.K.2    Ostrander, E.A.3
  • 25
    • 84855904342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fission-fusion societies: Whales and dolphins
    • Connor RC, (2004) Fission-fusion societies: whales and dolphins. Folia Primatologica, 75, 144-145.
    • (2004) Folia Primatologica , vol.75 , pp. 144-145
    • Connor, R.C.1
  • 28
    • 84976128318 scopus 로고
    • African elephants: Population trends and their causes
    • Douglas-Hamilton I, (1987) African elephants: population trends and their causes. Oryx, 21, 11-24.
    • (1987) Oryx , vol.21 , pp. 11-24
    • Douglas-Hamilton, I.1
  • 29
    • 78049369516 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The current elephant poaching trend
    • Douglas-Hamilton I, (2008) The current elephant poaching trend. Pachyderm, 45, 154-157.
    • (2008) Pachyderm , vol.45 , pp. 154-157
    • Douglas-Hamilton, I.1
  • 30
    • 0003065505 scopus 로고
    • Cooperation and reproductive competition among female African elephants
    • (ed. Wasser S.K.). Academic Press, New York
    • Dublin HT, (1983) Cooperation and reproductive competition among female African elephants. In: Social behavior of female vertebrates (ed., Wasser SK,). pp. 291-313, Academic Press, New York.
    • (1983) Social Behavior of Female Vertebrates , pp. 291-313
    • Dublin, H.T.1
  • 31
    • 39749153660 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of anthropogenic mortality in elephant Loxodonta africana populations: A long-term case study from the Sebungwe region of Zimbabwe
    • Dunham KM, (2008) Detection of anthropogenic mortality in elephant Loxodonta africana populations: a long-term case study from the Sebungwe region of Zimbabwe. Oryx, 42, 36-48.
    • (2008) Oryx , vol.42 , pp. 36-48
    • Dunham, K.M.1
  • 32
    • 0038040719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estimating population sizes for elusive animals: The forest elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana
    • Eggert L, Eggert JA, Woodruff D, (2003) Estimating population sizes for elusive animals: the forest elephants of Kakum National Park, Ghana. Molecular Ecology, 12, 1389-1402.
    • (2003) Molecular Ecology , vol.12 , pp. 1389-1402
    • Eggert, L.1    Eggert, J.A.2    Woodruff, D.3
  • 34
    • 70350072098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Behavioural correlates of low relatedness in African elephant core groups of a poached population
    • Gobush KS, Wasser SK, (2009) Behavioural correlates of low relatedness in African elephant core groups of a poached population. Animal Behaviour, 78, 1079-1086.
    • (2009) Animal Behaviour , vol.78 , pp. 1079-1086
    • Gobush, K.S.1    Wasser, S.K.2
  • 35
    • 57449104024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term impacts of poaching on relatedness, stress physiology, and reproductive output of adult female African elephants
    • Gobush KS, Mutayoba BM, Wasser SK, (2008) Long-term impacts of poaching on relatedness, stress physiology, and reproductive output of adult female African elephants. Conservation Biology, 22, 1590-1599.
    • (2008) Conservation Biology , vol.22 , pp. 1590-1599
    • Gobush, K.S.1    Mutayoba, B.M.2    Wasser, S.K.3
  • 36
    • 58849097558 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic relatedness and disrupted social structure in a poached population of African elephants
    • Gobush K, Kerr B, Wasser SK, (2009) Genetic relatedness and disrupted social structure in a poached population of African elephants. Molecular Ecology, 18, 722-734.
    • (2009) Molecular Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 722-734
    • Gobush, K.1    Kerr, B.2    Wasser, S.K.3
  • 37
    • 33244487793 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic signature of anthropogenic population collapse in orang-utans
    • Goossens B, Chikhi H, Ancrenaz M, et al. (2006) Genetic signature of anthropogenic population collapse in orang-utans. PLOS Biology, 4, 0285-0291.
    • (2006) PLOS Biology , vol.4 , pp. 0285-0291
    • Goossens, B.1    Chikhi, H.2    Ancrenaz, M.3
  • 38
    • 34547849439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Application of photographic capture-recapture modelling to estimate demographic parameters for male Asian elephants
    • Goswami VR, Madhusudan MD, Karanth KU, (2007) Application of photographic capture-recapture modelling to estimate demographic parameters for male Asian elephants. Animal Conservation, 10, 391-399.
    • (2007) Animal Conservation , vol.10 , pp. 391-399
    • Goswami, V.R.1    Madhusudan, M.D.2    Karanth, K.U.3
  • 39
    • 58149234899 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Counting elusive animals: Comparing field and genetic census of the entire mountain gorilla population of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda
    • Guschanski K, Vigilant L, McNeilage A, et al. (2009) Counting elusive animals: comparing field and genetic census of the entire mountain gorilla population of Bwindi Impenetrable National Park, Uganda. Biological Conservation, 142, 290-300.
    • (2009) Biological Conservation , vol.142 , pp. 290-300
    • Guschanski, K.1    Vigilant, L.2    McNeilage, A.3
  • 41
    • 71549153551 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Characterizing dispersal patterns in a threatened seabird with limited genetic structure
    • Hall LA, Palsboll PJ, Beissinger SR, et al. (2009) Characterizing dispersal patterns in a threatened seabird with limited genetic structure. Molecular Ecology, 18, 5074-5085.
    • (2009) Molecular Ecology , vol.18 , pp. 5074-5085
    • Hall, L.A.1    Palsboll, P.J.2    Beissinger, S.R.3
  • 42
    • 0023528668 scopus 로고
    • Role of musth in the reproductive strategy of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana)
    • Hall-Martin AJ, (1987) Role of musth in the reproductive strategy of the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). South African Journal of Science, 83, 616-620.
    • (1987) South African Journal of Science , vol.83 , pp. 616-620
    • Hall-Martin, A.J.1
  • 43
    • 0031003298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patterns of association among female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta)
    • Holekamp KE, Cooper SM, Katona CI, et al. (1997) Patterns of association among female spotted hyenas (Crocuta crocuta). Journal of Mammalogy, 78, 55-64.
    • (1997) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.78 , pp. 55-64
    • Holekamp, K.E.1    Cooper, S.M.2    Katona, C.I.3
  • 44
    • 34547944983 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age, musth and paternity in wild male African elephants, Loxodonta africana
    • Hollister-Smith JA, Poole JH, Archie EA, et al. (2007) Age, musth and paternity in wild male African elephants, Loxodonta africana. Animal Behaviour, 74, 287-296.
    • (2007) Animal Behaviour , vol.74 , pp. 287-296
    • Hollister-Smith, J.A.1    Poole, J.H.2    Archie, E.A.3
  • 45
    • 0035707808 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elucidation of the molecular basis of a null allele in a rainbow trout microsatellite
    • Holm LE, Loeschcke V, Bendixen C, (2001) Elucidation of the molecular basis of a null allele in a rainbow trout microsatellite. Marine Biotechnology, 3, 555-560.
    • (2001) Marine Biotechnology , vol.3 , pp. 555-560
    • Holm, L.E.1    Loeschcke, V.2    Bendixen, C.3
  • 46
    • 43349094145 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of poaching on bull mating success in a free ranging African elephant (Loxodonta africana) population of Tarangire National Park, Tanzania
    • Ishengoma DRS, Shedlock AM, Foley CAH, et al. (2008) Effects of poaching on bull mating success in a free ranging African elephant (Loxodonta africana) population of Tarangire National Park, Tanzania. Conservation Genetics, 9, 247-255.
    • (2008) Conservation Genetics , vol.9 , pp. 247-255
    • Ishengoma, D.R.S.1    Shedlock, A.M.2    Foley, C.A.H.3
  • 47
    • 0031843453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The molecular basis of a microsatellite allele from the White Sand pupfish
    • Jones AG, Stockwell CA, Walker D, Avise JC, (1998) The molecular basis of a microsatellite allele from the White Sand pupfish. Journal of Heredity, 89, 339-342.
    • (1998) Journal of Heredity , vol.89 , pp. 339-342
    • Jones, A.G.1    Stockwell, C.A.2    Walker, D.3    Avise, J.C.4
  • 48
    • 3543065784 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi element analysis by X-ray fluorescence: A powerful tool of ivory identification from various origins
    • Kautenburger R, Wannemacher J, Müller P, (2004) Multi element analysis by X-ray fluorescence: a powerful tool of ivory identification from various origins. Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry, 260, 399-404.
    • (2004) Journal of Radioanalytical and Nuclear Chemistry , vol.260 , pp. 399-404
    • Kautenburger, R.1    Wannemacher, J.2    Müller, P.3
  • 49
    • 0039726975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fission, fusion and nonrandom associations in female Bechstein's bats (myotis bechsteinii)
    • Kerth G, Konig Bl, (1999) Fission, fusion and nonrandom associations in female Bechstein's bats (myotis bechsteinii). Behaviour, 136, 1187-1202.
    • (1999) Behaviour , vol.136 , pp. 1187-1202
    • Kerth, G.1    Konig, B.2
  • 52
    • 0001416192 scopus 로고
    • Allomothering among African elephants
    • Lee PC, (1987) Allomothering among African elephants. Animal Behaviour, 35, 278-291.
    • (1987) Animal Behaviour , vol.35 , pp. 278-291
    • Lee, P.C.1
  • 53
    • 0028975446 scopus 로고
    • Statural growth in known-age African elephants (Loxodonta africana)
    • Lee PC, Moss CJ, (1995) Statural growth in known-age African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Journal of Zoology, 236, 29-41.
    • (1995) Journal of Zoology , vol.236 , pp. 29-41
    • Lee, P.C.1    Moss, C.J.2
  • 55
    • 0027388677 scopus 로고
    • Post-natal growth of elephants Loxodonta africana in Etosha National Park, Namibia
    • Lindeque M, van Jaarsveld AS, (1993) Post-natal growth of elephants Loxodonta africana in Etosha National Park, Namibia. Journal of Zoology, 229, 319-330.
    • (1993) Journal of Zoology , vol.229 , pp. 319-330
    • Lindeque, M.1    Van Jaarsveld, A.S.2
  • 57
    • 70849093809 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The real maccoyii: Identifying tuna sushi with DNA barcodes-contrasting characteristic attributes and genetic distances
    • Lowenstein JH, Amato G, Kolokotronis SO, (2009) The real maccoyii: Identifying tuna sushi with DNA barcodes-contrasting characteristic attributes and genetic distances. PLoS ONE, 4, e7866.
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.4
    • Lowenstein, J.H.1    Amato, G.2    Kolokotronis, S.O.3
  • 58
    • 33646166419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Review of capture-recapture methods applicable to noninvasive genetic sampling
    • Lukacs PM, Burnham KP, (2005) Review of capture-recapture methods applicable to noninvasive genetic sampling. Molecular Ecology, 14, 3909-3919.
    • (2005) Molecular Ecology , vol.14 , pp. 3909-3919
    • Lukacs, P.M.1    Burnham, K.P.2
  • 59
    • 0033851409 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unusually extensive networks of vocal recognition in African elephants
    • McComb K, Moss CJ, Sayialel S, Baker L, (2000) Unusually extensive networks of vocal recognition in African elephants. Animal Behaviour, 59, 1103-1109.
    • (2000) Animal Behaviour , vol.59 , pp. 1103-1109
    • McComb, K.1    Moss, C.J.2    Sayialel, S.3    Baker, L.4
  • 60
    • 0035917841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matriarchs as repositories of social knowledge in African elephants
    • McComb K, Moss C, Durant SM, Baker L, Sayialel S, (2001) Matriarchs as repositories of social knowledge in African elephants. Science, 292, 491-494.
    • (2001) Science , vol.292 , pp. 491-494
    • McComb, K.1    Moss, C.2    Durant, S.M.3    Baker, L.4    Sayialel, S.5
  • 61
    • 0025669265 scopus 로고
    • Source-area determination of elephant ivory by isotopic analysis
    • van der Merwe NJ, Lee-Thorp JA, Thackeray JF, et al. (1990) Source-area determination of elephant ivory by isotopic analysis. Nature, 346, 744-746.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.346 , pp. 744-746
    • Van Der Merwe, N.J.1    Lee-Thorp, J.A.2    Thackeray, J.F.3
  • 62
    • 33846970832 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Demographic side effects of selective hunting in ungulates and carnivores
    • Milner JM, Nilsen EB, Andreassen HP, (2007) Demographic side effects of selective hunting in ungulates and carnivores. Conservation Biology, 21, 36-47.
    • (2007) Conservation Biology , vol.21 , pp. 36-47
    • Milner, J.M.1    Nilsen, E.B.2    Andreassen, H.P.3
  • 63
    • 72749113546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Applied conservation genetics and the need for quality control and reporting of genetic data used in fisheries and wildlife management
    • Morin PA, Martien KK, Archer FI, et al. (2010) Applied conservation genetics and the need for quality control and reporting of genetic data used in fisheries and wildlife management. Journal of Heredity, 10, 1-10.
    • (2010) Journal of Heredity , vol.10 , pp. 1-10
    • Morin, P.A.1    Martien, K.K.2    Archer, F.I.3
  • 64
    • 0020860966 scopus 로고
    • Oestrous behaviour and female choice in the African elephant
    • Moss CJ, (1983) Oestrous behaviour and female choice in the African elephant. Behaviour, 86, 167-196.
    • (1983) Behaviour , vol.86 , pp. 167-196
    • Moss, C.J.1
  • 65
    • 0004198211 scopus 로고
    • University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Moss CJ, (1988) Elephant Memories. University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (1988) Elephant Memories
    • Moss, C.J.1
  • 66
    • 0034770279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The demography of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) population in Amboseli, Kenya
    • Moss CJ, (2001) The demography of an African elephant (Loxodonta africana) population in Amboseli, Kenya. Journal of Zoology, 255, 145-156.
    • (2001) Journal of Zoology , vol.255 , pp. 145-156
    • Moss, C.J.1
  • 67
    • 0002387072 scopus 로고
    • Relationships and social structure of African elephants
    • (ed Hinde R.A.). Sinauer, Sunderland, MA
    • Moss CJ, Poole JH, (1983) Relationships and social structure of African elephants. In: Primate Social Relationship (ed, Hinde RA,). pp. 315-325, Sinauer, Sunderland, MA.
    • (1983) Primate Social Relationship , pp. 315-325
    • Moss, C.J.1    Poole, J.H.2
  • 68
    • 79955436344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Conflicts between humans, elephants and other wildlife in Songea rural district, southern Tanzania
    • (ed Jayewardene J.). Biodiversity and Elephant Conservation Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka
    • Mpanduji DG, Hahn R, Siege L, Baldus RD, Hildebrandt TB, Goeritz F, East ML, Hofer H, (2004) Conflicts between humans, elephants and other wildlife in Songea rural district, southern Tanzania. In: Endangered elephants, past present and future (ed, Jayewardene J,). pp. 82-85, Biodiversity and Elephant Conservation Trust, Colombo, Sri Lanka.
    • (2004) Endangered Elephants, Past Present and Future , pp. 82-85
    • Mpanduji, D.G.1    Hahn, R.2    Siege, L.3    Baldus, R.D.4    Hildebrandt, T.B.5    Goeritz, F.6    East, M.L.7    Hofer, H.8
  • 69
    • 0032190249 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana
    • Nyakaana S, Arctander P, (1998) Isolation and characterization of microsatellite loci in the African elephant, Loxodonta africana. Molecular Ecology, 7, 1431-1439.
    • (1998) Molecular Ecology , vol.7 , pp. 1431-1439
    • Nyakaana, S.1    Arctander, P.2
  • 70
    • 0005594222 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • DNA evidence for elephant social breakdown in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda
    • Nyakaana S, Abe EL, Arctander P, Siegismund HR, (2001) DNA evidence for elephant social breakdown in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Animal Conservation, 4, 231-237.
    • (2001) Animal Conservation , vol.4 , pp. 231-237
    • Nyakaana, S.1    Abe, E.L.2    Arctander, P.3    Siegismund, H.R.4
  • 71
    • 20144365637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Six new polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated and characterized from the African savannah elephant genome
    • Nyakaana S, Okello JBA, Muwanika V, Siegismund HR, (2005) Six new polymorphic microsatellite loci isolated and characterized from the African savannah elephant genome. Molecular Ecology Notes, 5, 223-225.
    • (2005) Molecular Ecology Notes , vol.5 , pp. 223-225
    • Nyakaana, S.1    Okello, J.B.A.2    Muwanika, V.3    Siegismund, H.R.4
  • 72
    • 77958590755 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Injuries of free ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana africana) in various ranges of Kenya
    • Obanda V, Ndeereh D, Mijele D, et al. (2008) Injuries of free ranging African elephants (Loxodonta africana africana) in various ranges of Kenya. Pachyderm, 44, 54-58.
    • (2008) Pachyderm , vol.44 , pp. 54-58
    • Obanda, V.1    Ndeereh, D.2    Mijele, D.3
  • 73
    • 27944471872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive genotyping and Mendelian analysis of microsatellites in African savannah elephants
    • Okello JBA, Wittemyer G, Rasmussen HB, et al. (2005) Noninvasive genotyping and Mendelian analysis of microsatellites in African savannah elephants. Journal of Heredity, 96, 679-687.
    • (2005) Journal of Heredity , vol.96 , pp. 679-687
    • Okello, J.B.A.1    Wittemyer, G.2    Rasmussen, H.B.3
  • 74
    • 49549118975 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Population genetic structure of savannah elephants in Kenya: Conservation and management implications
    • Okello JBA, Masembe C, Rasmussen HB, et al. (2008) Population genetic structure of savannah elephants in Kenya: Conservation and management implications. Journal of Heredity, 99, 443-452.
    • (2008) Journal of Heredity , vol.99 , pp. 443-452
    • Okello, J.B.A.1    Masembe, C.2    Rasmussen, H.B.3
  • 75
    • 79551671926 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Using sample aerial surveys to estimate the abundance of the endangered Grevy's zebra in northern Kenya
    • Parker G, Sundaresan S, Chege G, O'Brien T, (2011) Using sample aerial surveys to estimate the abundance of the endangered Grevy's zebra in northern Kenya. African Journal of Ecology, 49, 56-61.
    • (2011) African Journal of Ecology , vol.49 , pp. 56-61
    • Parker, G.1    Sundaresan, S.2    Chege, G.3    O'Brien, T.4
  • 76
    • 44949211184 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kin-biased social behaviour in wild adult female white-faced capuchins, Cebus capucinus
    • Perry S, Manson JH, Muniz L, Gros-Louis J, Vigilant L, (2008) Kin-biased social behaviour in wild adult female white-faced capuchins, Cebus capucinus. Animal Behaviour, 76, 187-199.
    • (2008) Animal Behaviour , vol.76 , pp. 187-199
    • Perry, S.1    Manson, J.H.2    Muniz, L.3    Gros-Louis, J.4    Vigilant, L.5
  • 77
    • 60049096476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The relationship between social behaviour and habitat familiarity in African elephants (Loxodonta africana)
    • Pinter-Wollman N, Isbell LA, Hart LA, (2009) The relationship between social behaviour and habitat familiarity in African elephants (Loxodonta africana). Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, 276, 1009-1014.
    • (2009) Proceedings of the Royal Society of London , vol.276 , pp. 1009-1014
    • Pinter-Wollman, N.1    Isbell, L.A.2    Hart, L.A.3
  • 78
    • 0023556261 scopus 로고
    • Rutting behavior in African elephants: The phenomenon of musth
    • Poole JH, (1987) Rutting behavior in African elephants: the phenomenon of musth. Behaviour, 102, 283-316.
    • (1987) Behaviour , vol.102 , pp. 283-316
    • Poole, J.H.1
  • 79
    • 0343856524 scopus 로고
    • The effects of poaching on the age structures and social and reproductive patterns of selected East African elephant populations
    • (By The Ivory Trade Review Group). Prepared for the 7th CITES Conference of the Parties.
    • Poole JH, (1989). The effects of poaching on the age structures and social and reproductive patterns of selected East African elephant populations. In: The Ivory Trade and the Future of the African Elephant. Volume II Technical Reports. (By The Ivory Trade Review Group). Prepared for the 7th CITES Conference of the Parties.
    • (1989) The Ivory Trade and the Future of the African Elephant. Volume II Technical Reports
    • Poole, J.H.1
  • 80
    • 0024485132 scopus 로고
    • Announcing intent: The aggressive state of musth in African elephants
    • Poole JH, (1989b) Announcing intent: the aggressive state of musth in African elephants. Animal Behaviour, 37, 140-152.
    • (1989) Animal Behaviour , vol.37 , pp. 140-152
    • Poole, J.H.1
  • 81
    • 0024910583 scopus 로고
    • Mate guarding, reproductive success and female choice in African elephants
    • Poole JH, (1989c) Mate guarding, reproductive success and female choice in African elephants. Animal Behaviour, 37, 842-849.
    • (1989) Animal Behaviour , vol.37 , pp. 842-849
    • Poole, J.H.1
  • 82
    • 0019889730 scopus 로고
    • Musth in the African elephant
    • Poole JH, Moss CJ, (1981) Musth in the African elephant. Nature, 292, 830-831.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.292 , pp. 830-831
    • Poole, J.H.1    Moss, C.J.2
  • 83
    • 0000331401 scopus 로고
    • Elephant mate searching: Group dynamics and vocal and olfactory communication
    • (eds Jewell P.A. Maloiy G.M.O.). Clarendon Press, Oxford
    • Poole JH, Moss CJ, (1989) Elephant mate searching: Group dynamics and vocal and olfactory communication. In: The Biology of Large African Mammals in their Environmen (eds, Jewell PA, Maloiy GMO,). pp. 111-125, Clarendon Press, Oxford.
    • (1989) The Biology of Large African Mammals in Their Environmen , pp. 111-125
    • Poole, J.H.1    Moss, C.J.2
  • 84
    • 79957707244 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Longevity, competition and musth: A long-term perspective on male reproductive strategies
    • (eds Moss C.J. Croze H.). University of Chicago Press, Chicago
    • Poole JH, Lee PC, Njiraini N, Moss CJ, (2011) Longevity, competition and musth: A long-term perspective on male reproductive strategies. In: The Amboseli Elephants: A Long-term Perspective on a Long-lived Mamma (eds, Moss CJ, Croze H,). pp. 272-286, University of Chicago Press, Chicago.
    • (2011) The Amboseli Elephants: A Long-term Perspective on A Long-lived Mamma , pp. 272-286
    • Poole, J.H.1    Lee, P.C.2    Njiraini, N.3    Moss, C.J.4
  • 85
    • 0031883083 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Matrilineal kin clusters and their effect on reproductive success in the field vole Microtus agrestis
    • Pusenius J, Viitala J, Marienberg T, Ritvanen S, (1998) Matrilineal kin clusters and their effect on reproductive success in the field vole Microtus agrestis. Behavioral Ecology, 9, 85-92.
    • (1998) Behavioral Ecology , vol.9 , pp. 85-92
    • Pusenius, J.1    Viitala, J.2    Marienberg, T.3    Ritvanen, S.4
  • 86
    • 0023480935 scopus 로고
    • Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and mammals
    • Pusey AE, (1987) Sex-biased dispersal and inbreeding avoidance in birds and mammals. Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 2, 295-299.
    • (1987) Trends in Ecology and Evolution , vol.2 , pp. 295-299
    • Pusey, A.E.1
  • 88
    • 38149004406 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Age- and tactic-related paternity success in male African elephants
    • Rasmussen HB, Okello JBA, Wittemyer G, et al. (2008) Age- and tactic-related paternity success in male African elephants. Behavioral Ecology, 19, 9-15.
    • (2008) Behavioral Ecology , vol.19 , pp. 9-15
    • Rasmussen, H.B.1    Okello, J.B.A.2    Wittemyer, G.3
  • 89
    • 0035083402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Molecular ecology of social behaviour: Analyses of breeding systems and genetic Structure
    • Ross K, (2001) Molecular ecology of social behaviour: analyses of breeding systems and genetic Structure. Molecular Ecology, 10, 265-284.
    • (2001) Molecular Ecology , vol.10 , pp. 265-284
    • Ross, K.1
  • 90
    • 0036589911 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relatedness structure and kin-biased foraging in the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum)
    • Rossiter SJ, Jones G, Ransome RD, Barratt EMl, (2002) Relatedness structure and kin-biased foraging in the greater horseshoe bat (Rhinolophus ferrumequinum). Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 51, 510-518.
    • (2002) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.51 , pp. 510-518
    • Rossiter, S.J.1    Jones, G.2    Ransome, R.D.3    Barratt, E.4
  • 91
    • 0000940808 scopus 로고
    • How elephants grow: Heterochrony and the calibration of developmental stages in some living and fossil species
    • Roth VL, (1984) How elephants grow: heterochrony and the calibration of developmental stages in some living and fossil species. Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology, 4, 126-145.
    • (1984) Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology , vol.4 , pp. 126-145
    • Roth, V.L.1
  • 92
    • 0037324140 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Taq DNA polymerase slippage mutation rates measured by PCR and quasi likelihood analysis: (CA/GT)n and (A/T)n microsatellites
    • Shinde D, Lai Y, Sun F, Arnheim N, (2003) Taq DNA polymerase slippage mutation rates measured by PCR and quasi likelihood analysis: (CA/GT)n and (A/T)n microsatellites. Nucleic Acids Research, 31, 974-980.
    • (2003) Nucleic Acids Research , vol.31 , pp. 974-980
    • Shinde, D.1    Lai, Y.2    Sun, F.3    Arnheim, N.4
  • 93
    • 0242414454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social bonds of female baboons enhance infant survival
    • Silk JB, Alberts SC, Altmann J, (2003) Social bonds of female baboons enhance infant survival. Science, 302, 1231-1234.
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 1231-1234
    • Silk, J.B.1    Alberts, S.C.2    Altmann, J.3
  • 94
    • 33751384635 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Social relationships among adult female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) II. Variation in the quality and stability of social bonds
    • Silk JB, Alberts SC, Altmann J, (2006) Social relationships among adult female baboons (Papio cynocephalus) II. Variation in the quality and stability of social bonds. Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology, 61, 197-204.
    • (2006) Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology , vol.61 , pp. 197-204
    • Silk, J.B.1    Alberts, S.C.2    Altmann, J.3
  • 96
    • 29244454279 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of field and non-invasive genetic methods to estimate brown bear (Ursus arctos) population size
    • Solberg KH, Bellemain E, Drageset OM, Taberlet P, Swenson JE, (2006) An evaluation of field and non-invasive genetic methods to estimate brown bear (Ursus arctos) population size. Biological Conservation, 128, 158-168.
    • (2006) Biological Conservation , vol.128 , pp. 158-168
    • Solberg, K.H.1    Bellemain, E.2    Drageset, O.M.3    Taberlet, P.4    Swenson, J.E.5
  • 97
    • 0000918090 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic consequences of mammalian social structure
    • Storz J, (1999) Genetic consequences of mammalian social structure. Journal of Mammalogy, 80, 553-569.
    • (1999) Journal of Mammalogy , vol.80 , pp. 553-569
    • Storz, J.1
  • 101
    • 78349242511 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Threat of rapid extermination of the lion (Panthera leo leo) in Waza National Park, Northern Cameroon
    • Tumenta PN, Kok JS, Rijssel JCv, et al. (2009) Threat of rapid extermination of the lion (Panthera leo leo) in Waza National Park, Northern Cameroon. African Journal of Ecology, 48, 888-894.
    • (2009) African Journal of Ecology , vol.48 , pp. 888-894
    • Tumenta, P.N.1    Kok, J.S.2    Rijssel, J.3
  • 102
    • 0000874117 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biases associated with population estimation using molecular tagging
    • Waits JL, Leberg PL, (2000) Biases associated with population estimation using molecular tagging. Animal Conservation, 3, 191-199.
    • (2000) Animal Conservation , vol.3 , pp. 191-199
    • Waits, J.L.1    Leberg, P.L.2
  • 103
    • 33645689896 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Noninvasive genetic sampling tools for wildlife biologists: A review of applications and recommendations for accurate data collection
    • Waits LP, Paetkau D, (2005) Noninvasive genetic sampling tools for wildlife biologists: A review of applications and recommendations for accurate data collection. The Journal of Wildlife Management, 69, 1419-1433.
    • (2005) The Journal of Wildlife Management , vol.69 , pp. 1419-1433
    • Waits, L.P.1    Paetkau, D.2
  • 104
    • 6944244068 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assigning African elephant DNA to geographic region of origin: Applications to the ivory trade
    • Wasser SK, Shedlock AM, Comstock K, et al. (2004) Assigning African elephant DNA to geographic region of origin: applications to the ivory trade. Proceedings of National Academic Sciences, USA, 101, 14847-14852.
    • (2004) Proceedings of National Academic Sciences, USA , vol.101 , pp. 14847-14852
    • Wasser, S.K.1    Shedlock, A.M.2    Comstock, K.3
  • 106
    • 77949352887 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Elephants, ivory, and trade
    • Wasser S, Poole J, Lee P, et al. (2010) Elephants, ivory, and trade. Science, 327, 1331-1332.
    • (2010) Science , vol.327 , pp. 1331-1332
    • Wasser, S.1    Poole, J.2    Lee, P.3
  • 107
    • 84996120367 scopus 로고
    • Pygmy chimpanzee social organization: Variation with party size and between study sites
    • White FJ, (1992) Pygmy chimpanzee social organization: Variation with party size and between study sites. American Journal of Primatology, 26, 203-214.
    • (1992) American Journal of Primatology , vol.26 , pp. 203-214
    • White, F.J.1
  • 109
    • 0036818999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paternity in the Addo elephant population, South Africa. is a single male monopolizing matings?
    • Whitehouse AM, Harley EH, (2002) Paternity in the Addo elephant population, South Africa. is a single male monopolizing matings? African Zoology, 37, 247-253.
    • (2002) African Zoology , vol.37 , pp. 247-253
    • Whitehouse, A.M.1    Harley, E.H.2
  • 110
    • 33845597351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A killer whale social network is vulnerable to targeted removals
    • Williams R, Lusseau D, (2006) A killer whale social network is vulnerable to targeted removals. Biology Letters, 2, 497-500.
    • (2006) Biology Letters , vol.2 , pp. 497-500
    • Williams, R.1    Lusseau, D.2
  • 111
    • 20444369577 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The socioecology of elephants: Analysis of the processes creating multitired social structures
    • Wittemyer G, Douglas-Hamilton I, Getz WM, (2005) The socioecology of elephants: Analysis of the processes creating multitired social structures. Animal Behaviour, 69, 1357-1371.
    • (2005) Animal Behaviour , vol.69 , pp. 1357-1371
    • Wittemyer, G.1    Douglas-Hamilton, I.2    Getz, W.M.3
  • 112
    • 70349610076 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Where sociality and relatedness diverge: The genetic basis for hierarchical social organization in African elephants
    • Wittemyer G, Okello JBA, Rasmussen HB, et al. (2009) Where sociality and relatedness diverge: the genetic basis for hierarchical social organization in African elephants. Proceedings of the Royal Society, 276, 3513-3521.
    • (2009) Proceedings of the Royal Society , vol.276 , pp. 3513-3521
    • Wittemyer, G.1    Okello, J.B.A.2    Rasmussen, H.B.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.