DNA evidence for elephant social behaviour breakdown in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda

Animal Conservation

Volumn 4, Issue 3, 2001, Pages 231-237

  Nyakaana, Silvester ^a   Abe, Eve L ^b   Arctander, Peter ^c   Siegismund, Hans R ^c  

^a MAKERERE UNIVERSITY   (Uganda)

^b KENYA WILDLIFE SERVICE   (Kenya)

^c UNIVERSITY OF COPENHAGEN   (Denmark)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 0005594222     PISSN: 13679430     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1017/S1367943001001275     Document Type: Article

References (31)

1. Abe, E. L. (1994). The behavioural ecology of elephant survivors in Queen Elizabeth National Park, Uganda. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge.
2. Amos, W. & Hoelzel, A. R. (1991). Long term preservation of whale skin for DNA analysis. In Genetic ecology of whales and dolphins: 99-104. Hoelzel, A. R. (Ed.). Report of the International Whaling Commission (Special Issue 13).
3. Arctander, P. (1995). Comparison of a mitochondrial gene and a corresponding nuclear pseudogene. Proc. R. Soc. Lond. ser. B 262: 13-19.
4. Buss, I. O. & Savidge, J. M. (1966). Change in population number and reproductive rates of elephants in Uganda. J. Wildl. Mgmt. 30: 791-809.
5. Croze, H. (1974). The Seronera bull problem: 1 The elephants. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 12: 1-27.
6. de Jong, G., de Ruiter, J. R. & Haring, R. (1994). Genetic structure of a population with social structure and migration. In Conservation genetics: 147-163. Loeschcke, V., Tomiuk, J. & Jain, S. K. (Eds). Basle, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag.
7. Douglas-Hamilton, I. (1973). On the ecology and behaviour of the Lake Manyara elephants. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 11: 401-403.
8. Douglas-Hamilton, I., Hirji, K., Mbano, B., Olivier, R., Tarimo, E. & de Butts, H. (1986). Aerial census of wildlife in the Selous Game Reserve, Tanzania. Typescript report to the Ministry of Natural Resources and Tourism, Dar-es-Salaam.
9. Douglas-Hamilton, I., Malpas, R. C., Edroma, E., Holt, P., Laker-Ojok, G. & Weyerhauser, R. (1980). Uganda elephant and wildlife survey. Typescript report to Uganda National Parks.
10. Eltringham, S. K. (1977). The numbers and distribution of elephant Loxodonta africana in the Rwenzori National Park and Chambura Game Reserve, Uganda. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 15: 19-39.
11. Eltringham, S. K. & Malpas, R. C. (1980). The decline in elephant numbers in Rwenzori and Kabalega National Parks, Uganda, Afr. J. Ecol. 18: 73-86.
12. Field, C. R. (1971). Elephant ecology in the Queen Elizabeth National Park. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 9: 99-123.
13. Greenwood, A. E. & Pååbo, S. (1999). Nuclear insertion sequences of mitochondrial DNA predominate in hair but not in blood of elephants. Mol. Ecol. 8: 133-137.
14. Guo, S. W. & Thompson, E. A. (1992). Performing the exact test for Hardy-Weinberg proportion for multiple alleles. Biomet. 48: 361-372.
15. Hall-Martin, A. (1980). Elephant survivors. Oryx 15: 355-362.
16. Hedrick, P. W. (1999). Highly variable loci and their interpretation in evolution and conservation. Evol. 53: 313-318.
17. Hedrick, P. W. (2000). Genetics of populations. Sudbury, MA: Jones and Bartlett Publishers.
18. Koenig, W. D. (1981). Reproductive success, group size and the evolution of cooperative breeding in the acorn woodpecker. Am. Nat. 117: 421-433.
19. Laws, R. M. (1974). Behaviour, dynamics and management of elephant populations. IUCN Publ. n.s. 24: 513-529.
20. Laws, R. M. & Parker, I. S. C. (1968). Recent studies on the elephant populations in East Africa. In Comparative nutrition of wild animals. Crawford, M. A. (Ed.). Symp. Zool. Soc. Lond. 21: 319-359.
21. Laws, R. M., Parker, I. S. C. & Johnson, J. C. G. (1970). Elephants and habitats in north Bunyoro, Uganda. E. Afr. Wildl. J. 8: 163-180.
22. Lee, P. C. (1987). Allomothering among African elephants. Anim. Behav. 35: 278-291.
23. Lee, P. C. (1989). Family structure, communal care and female reproductive effort. In Comparative socioecology: the behavioural ecology of humans and other mammals: 323-340. Standen, V. & Foley, R. (Eds). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
24. Manly, B. F. J. (1985). The statistics of natural selection on animal populations. London: Chapman and Hall, London.
25. Moss, C. J. & Poole, J. H. (1983). Relationships and social structure in African elephants. In Primate social relationships: an integrated approach: 315-325. Hinde, R. A. (Ed.). Oxford: Blackwell Scientific Publications.
26. Nyakaana, S. & Arctander, P. (1998). Isolation and characterisation of microsatellite loci in the African elephant (Loxodonta africana). Mol. Ecol. 7(10): 1436-1437.
27. Nyakaana, S. & Arctander, P. (1999). Population genetic structure of the African elephant in Uganda based on variation at mitochondrial and nuclear loci: evidence for male-biased gene flow. Mol. Ecol. 8: 1105-1115.
28. Poole, J. H. (1982). Musth and male - male competition in the African elephant. Ph.D. thesis, University of Cambridge.
29. Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F. & Maniatis, T. (1989). Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. (2nd edn). New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press.
30. Sanger, F., Nicklen, S. & Coulsen, A. R. (1977). DNA sequencing with chain terminating inhibitors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. 74: 5463-5467.
31. Zhang, D. & Hewitt, G. M. (1996). Nuclear integrations: challenges for mitochondrial DNA markers. TREE 11(6): 247-251.