Ethics and Organizational Leadership: Developing a Normative Model

Ethics and Organizational Leadership: Developing a Normative Model

Volumn , Issue , 2011, Pages 1-232

  Fryer, Mick ^a  

^a ABERYSTWYTH UNIVERSITY   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Ethics; Leadership; Managerialism; Morality; Normative; Organizations; Responsibility

Indexed keywords

EID: 84855704405     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1093/acprof:oso/9780199590186.001.0001     Document Type: Book

References (204)

1. Adorno, T.W. and Horkheimer, M. (1997 [1944]). Dialectic of Enlightenment, J. Cumming (transl.). London: Verso.
2. Alimo-Metcalfe, B. (1995). 'An Investigation of Female and Male Constructs of Leadership and Empowerment', Women in Management Review, 10/2: 3-8.
3. Alimo-Metcalfe, B. and Alban-Metcalfe, R.J. (2001). 'The Development of a New Transformational Leadership Questionnaire', Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 74/1: 1-27.
4. Alimo-Metcalfe, B. and Alban-Metcalfe, R.J. (2004). 'Leadership in Public Sector Organizations', in J. Storey (ed.), Leadership in Organizations: Current Issues and Key Trends. Abingdon: Routledge, 173-202.
5. Alimo-Metcalfe, B. and Alban-Metcalfe, R.J. (2005). 'Leadership: Time for a New Direction?', Leadership, 1/1: 51-71.
6. Almond, B. (1993). 'Rights', in P. Singer (ed.), A Companion to Ethics. Oxford: Blackwell, 259-69.
7. Alvesson, M. and Sveningsson, S. (2003). 'Good Visions, Bad Micromanagement and Ugly Ambiguity: Contradictions of (Non-)Leadership in a Knowledge-Intensive Organization', Organization Studies, 24/6: 961-88.
8. Alvesson, M. and Willmott, H. (1996). Making Sense of Management: A Critical Introduction. London: Sage.
9. Alvesson, M. and Willmott, H., Ashcraft, K.L., and Thomas, R. (2008). 'Identity Matters: Reflections on the Construction of Identity Scholarship in Organization Studies', Organization, 15/1: 5-28.
10. Aristotle (1999 [334-322BC]). Nicomachean Ethics, T. Irwin (transl.). Indianapolis: Hackett.
11. Austin, J. (1961). How to do Things with Words; A Revised Text of the William James Lectures Delivered in Harvard in 1955. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
12. Bachrach, P. and Baratz, M.S. (2002 [1962]). 'Two Faces of Power', in M. Haugaard (ed.), Power: A Reader. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 28-37.
13. Baker, B. and Cooper, J. (2000). 'Occupational Testing and Psychometric Instruments: An Ethical Perspective', in D. Winstanley and J. Woodall (eds.), Ethical Issues in Contemporary Human Resource Management. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 59-84.
14. Barnard, C. (1948-1997). 'The Nature of Leadership', in K. Grint (ed.), Leadership: Classical, Contemporary, and Critical Approaches. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 89-111.
15. Barratt, W. (1990 [1958]). Irrational Man. New York: Anchor.
16. Bass, B.M. (1985). Leadership and Performance Beyond Expectations. New York: The Free Press.
17. Bass, B.M. (1990). 'From Transactional to Transformational Leadership: Learning to Share the Vision', Organizational Dynamics, 18/3: 19-31.
18. Bass, B.M. (1998). 'The Ethics of Transformational Leadership', in J.B. Ciulla (ed.), Ethics: The Heart of Leadership. Westport: Praeger, 169-92.
19. Bass, B.M. and Avolio, B.J. (1994). Improving Organizational Effectiveness Through Transformational Leadership. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
20. Bass, B.M. and Steindlmeier, P. (1999). 'Ethics, Character, and Authentic Transformational Leadership Behaviour', Leadership Quarterly, 10/2: 181-217.
21. Bauman, Z. (1993). Postmodern Ethics. Malden: Blackwell.
22. Benhabib, Seyla (1996). 'Toward a Deliberative Model of Democratic Legitimacy', in S. Benhabib (ed.), Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 67-94.
23. Bennis, W.G. (1989). Why Leaders Can't Lead: The Unconscious Conspiracy Continues. San Fransisco: Jossey Bass.
24. Bennis, W.G. and Nannus, B. (1985). Leaders: The Strategies for Taking Charge. New York: Harper & Row.
25. Bentham, J. (2000). 'An Introduction to the Principles of Morals and Legislation', in T. Griffin (eds.), Selected Writings on Utilitarianism. Ware: Wordsworth, 75-309.
26. Blake, R. and Morton, J.S. (1985). The Managerial Grid III. Houston: Gulf.
27. Bradford, L.P. (1976). Making Meetings Work: A Guide for Leaders and Group Members. La-Jolie: Pfeiffer Wiley.
28. Bryman, A. (1987). 'The Generalizability of Implicit Leadership Theory', Journal of Social Psychology, 127/2: 129-41.
29. Bryman, A. (1992). Charisma and Leadership in Organizations. London: Sage.
30. Bryman, A. and Bell, E. (2003). Business Research Methods. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
31. Burnham, J. (1972 [1945]). The Managerial Revolution: What is happening in the World. Westport: Greenwood Press.
32. Burns, J.M. (1978). Leadership. New York: Harper and Row.
33. Burns, J.M. (2003). Transforming Leadership. New York: Grove Press.
34. Burns, T.R. and Stalker, G.M. (1959). The Management of Innovation. Chicago: Quadrangle Books.
35. Cantor, D.W. and Bernay, T. (1992). Women in Power-The Secrets of Leadership. Boston: Houghton Mifflin.
36. Carroll, B. and Levy, L. (2008). 'Defaulting to Management: Leadership Defined By What It Is Not', Organization, 15/1: 75-96.
37. Chomsky, N. (1999). Profit over People: Neoliberalism and Global Order. New York: Seven Stories.
38. Ciulla, J.B. (ed.) (1998). Ethics: The Heart of Leadership. Westport: Praeger.
39. Clarke, M. (1994). 'Nietzsche's Immoralism and the Concept of Morality', in R. Schacht (ed.), Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 15-34.
40. Coffey, A. and Atkinson, P. (1996). Making Sense of Qualitative Data: Complementary Research Strategies. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
41. Coleman, J.S. and Hoffer, T. (1987). Public and Private High Schools: Impact of Community. New York: Basic Books.
42. Collins, D. (1994). 'Is Business Ethics an Oxymoron?', Business Horizons, September-October: 1-8.
43. Collinson, D. (2005). 'Dialectics of Leadership', Human Relations, 58/11: 1419-42.
44. Conger, J.A. and Kanungo, R.N. (1998). Charismatic Leadership in Organizations. Thousand Oaks: Sage.
45. Conway, N. and Briner, R.B. (2005). Understanding Psychological Contracts at Work: A Critical Evaluation of Theory and Research. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
46. Cox, G. (2006). Sartre: A Guide for the Perplexed. London: Continuum.
47. Dancy, J. (1993). 'An Ethic of Prima Facie Duties', in P. Singer (ed.), A Companion to Ethics. Oxford: Blackwell, 219-29.
48. Danto, A.C. (1975). Sartre. Glasgow: Fontana.
49. Day, D.V., Gronn, P., and Salas, E. (2004). 'Leadership Capacity in Teams', The Leadership Quarterly, 15: 857-80.
50. Donaldson, T. and Preston, L. (1995). 'The Stakeholder Theory of the Corporation: Concepts, Evidence and Implications', Academy of Management Review, 20-1: 65-91.
51. Dryzek, J.S. (2000). Deliberative Democracy and Beyond: Liberals, Critics, Contestations. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
52. Dundon, T., Wilkinson, A., Marchington, M., and Ackers, P. (2004). 'The Meanings and Purpose of Employee Voice', International Journal of Human Resource Management, 15/6: 1149-70.
53. Easterby-Smith, M., Thorpe, R., and Lowe, A. (1991). Management Research: An Introduction. London: Sage.
54. Enteman, W.F. (1993). Managerialism: The Emergence of a New Ideology. Madison: University of Wisconsin Press.
55. Feidler, F.E. (1967). A Theory of Leadership Effectiveness. New York: McGraw-Hill.
56. Festinger, L., Pepitone, A., and Newcombe, T. (1952). 'Some Consequences of Deindividuation in a Group', Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 47: 382-9.
57. Foot, P. (1994). 'Nietzsche's Immoralism', in R. Schacht (ed.), Nietzsche, Genealogy, Morality. Los Angeles: University of California Press, 3-14.
58. Fournier, V. and Grey, C. (2000). 'At the Critical Moment: Conditions and Prospects for Critical Management Studies', Human Relations, 53/1: 7-32.
59. Fraser, Nancy (1992). 'Rethinking the Public Sphere', in C. Calhoun (ed.), Habermas and the Public Sphere. Cambridge: MIT, 109-42.
60. Freeman, R.E. (1984). Strategic Management: A Stakeholder Approach. Boston: Pitman.
61. Friedman, M. (1970). 'The Social Responsibility of Business is to Increase its Profits', The New York Times Magazine, September 13.
62. Fukuyama, F. (2002). 'Social Capital and Development: The Coming Agenda', The SAIS Review of International Affairs, 22/1: 23-37.
63. Galbraith, J.K. (1999 [1958]). The Affluent Society. St. Ives: Penguin.
64. Gardiner, P. (1988). Kierkegaard. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
65. Gemmill, G. and Oakley, J. (1992). 'Leadership: An Alienating Social Myth?', Human Relations, 45/2: 113-29.
66. Giddens, A. (1985). 'Reason Without Revolution? Habermas's Theorie des kommunikativen Handelns', in R.J. Bernstein (ed.), Habermas and Modernity. Cambridge: Polity, 95-121.
67. Gill, J. and Johnson, P. (1997). Research Methods for Managers (2nd edition). London: Sage.
68. Goodin, R. (1993). 'Utility and the Good', in P. Singer (ed.), A Companion to Ethics. Oxford: Blackwell, 241-8.
69. Goodman, L.A. (1961). 'Snowball Sampling', Annals of Mathematical Statistics, 32: 148-70.
70. Gould, C. (1996). 'Diversity and Democracy: Representing Difference', in S. Benhabib (ed.), Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 171-86.
71. Grant, J. (1992). 'Women as Managers: What They can Offer Organizations', in M. Syrett and C. Hogg (eds.), Frontiers of Leadership. Oxford: Blackwell, 298-306.
72. Greenleaf, R.K. (1977). Servant Leadership: A Journey into the Nature of Legitimate Power and Greatness. New Jersey: Paulist Press.
73. Grint, K. (2000). The Arts of Leadership. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
74. Gronn, P. (2002). 'Distributed Leadership as a Unit of Analysis', The Leadership Quarterly, 13: 423-51.
75. Guest, D.E. and Conway, N. (2002). Pressure at Work and the Psychological Contract. London: CIPD.
76. Habermas, J. (1974 [1963]). Theory and Practice, J. Viertal (transl.). Boston: Beacon Press.
77. Habermas, J. (1979 [1976]). Communication and the Evolution of Society, T. McCarthy (transl.). London: Heinemann.
78. Habermas, J. (1984 [1981]). The Theory of Communicative Action, Volume One: Reason and the Rationalisation of Society, T. McCarthy (transl.). Boston: Beacon Press.
79. Habermas, J. (1987 [1968]). Knowledge and Human Interests, J.J. Shapiro (transl.). Cambridge: Polity.
80. Habermas, J. (1987 [1969]). Towards a Rational Society, J.J. Shapiro (transl.). Cambridge: Polity.
81. Habermas, J. (1987 [1981]). The Theory of Communicative Action, Volume Two: Lifeworld and System: A Critique of Functionalist Reason, T. McCarthy (transl.). Boston: Beacon Press.
82. Habermas, J. (1990 [1983]). Moral Consciousness and Communicative Action, C. Lenhardt and S.W. Nicholson (transls.). Massachusetts: MIT Press.
83. Habermas, J. (2001 [1994]). Justification and Application, C.P. Cronin (transl.). Massachusetts: MIT Press.
84. Habermas, J. (2006 [2001]). Time of Transitions, C. Cronin and M. Pensky (eds. and transls.). Cambridge: Polity.
85. Habermas, J. (2006 [2004]). The Divided West, C. Cronin (ed. and transl.). Cambridge: Polity.
86. Hamilton, C. (2003). Growth Fetish. Crows Nest: Allen and Unwin.
87. Hampton, M.M. (1999). 'Work Groups', in Y. Gabriel (ed.), Organizations in Depth: The Psychoanalysis of Organizations. London: Sage, 112-38.
88. Hancock, P. and Tyler, M. (2001). Work, Postmodernism and Organization. London: Sage.
89. Handy, C. (1998). The Hungry Spirit. London: Arrow.
90. Haugaard, M. (2002). 'The Constitution of Power', in M. Haugaard (ed.), Power: A Reader. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 307-28.
91. Hayek, F.A. (1969 [1960]). 'The Corporation in a Democratic Society: In Whose Interest Ought It and Will It Be Run', in H.I. Ansoff (ed.), Business Strategy: Selected Readings. Harmondsworth: Penguin, 225-39.
92. Heery, E. (2000). 'The New Pay: Risk and Representation at Work', in D. Winstanley and J. Woodall (eds.), Ethical Issues in Contemporary Human Resource Management. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 172-88.
93. Hegel, G.W.F. (1977 [1807]). Phenomenology of Spirit, A.V. Miller (transl.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
94. Hegelsen, S. (1990). The Female Advantage: Women's Ways of Leadership. New York: Doubleday.
95. Heidegger, M. (1962 [1926]). Being and Time, J. Macquarie and E. Robinson (transl. and eds.). Oxford: Blackwell.
96. Hemphill, J.K. (1955). 'Leadership Behaviour Associated with the Administrative Reputations of College Departments', Journal of Educational Psychology, 46: 385-401.
97. Hersey, P. and Blanchard, K.H. (1982). Management of Organizational Behaviour: Utilising Human Resources. New Jersey: Prentice-Hall.
98. Hill, R.P. and Stephens, D.L. (2005). 'The Multiplicity of Selves and Selves Management', Leadership, 1: 127-40.
99. Hobbes, T. (1985 [1651]). Leviathan, C.B Macpherson (ed.), St. Ives: Penguin.
100. Hobsbawm, E. (1995). The Age of Extremes. London: Abacus.
101. Honig, Bonnie (1996). 'Difference, Dilemmas and the Politics of Home', in S. Benhabib (ed.), Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 257-77.
102. Howell, J.M. (1988). 'Two Faces of Charisma: Socialised and Personalised Leadership in Organizations', in J.A. Conger and R.N. Kanungo (eds.), Charismatic Leadership: The Elusive Factor in Organizational Effectiveness. San Fransisco: Jossey-Bass, 213-36.
103. Hume, D. (1985 [1738]). A Treatise of Human Nature, E.C. Mossner (ed.), London: Penguin.
104. Hume, D. (1998 [1752]). An Enquiry Concerning the Principles of Morals, T.L. Beauchamp (ed.), Oxford: Oxford University Press.
105. Hutton, W. (1996). The State We're In. London: Vintage.
106. Hutton, W. (1997). Stakeholding and its Critics. London: Institute of Economic Affairs.
107. Irigaray, Luce (1996). I Love to You: Sketch of a Possible Felicity in History, A. Martin (transl.). New York: Routledge.
108. Johnson, P. (1976). 'Women and Power: Towards a Theory of Effectiveness', Journal of Social Issues, 32/3: 99-110.
109. Johnson, P. (2006). 'Whence Democracy? A Review and Critique of the Conceptual Dimensions and Implications of the Business Case for Organizational Democracy', Organization, 13/2: 245-74.
110. Kaler, J. (1999). 'What's the Good of Ethical Theory', Business Ethics: A European Review, 8/4: 206-13.
111. Kaler, J. (2002). 'Morality and Strategy in Stakeholder Identification', Journal of Business Ethics, 39: 91-9.
112. Kant, I. (1948 [1797]). The Moral Law: Groundwork to the Metaphysic of Morals, H.J. Paton (trans. and ed.). London: Hutchinson.
113. Kant, I. (1997 [1788]). Critique of Practical Reason, M. Gregor (trans. and ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
114. Kant, I. (2003 [1787]). Critique of Pure Reason, N. Kemp-Smith (trans. and ed.). Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan.
115. Kanter, R.M. (1977). Men and Women of the Corporation. New York: Basic Books.
116. Kaufmann, W. (ed.) (1956). Existentialism from Dostoevsky to Sartre. New York: Meridian.
117. Kay, J. (2003). 'The Real Economy', Prospect, May: 28-32.
118. Keeley, M. (1998). 'The Trouble with Transformational Leadership: Towards a Federalist Ethic for Organizations', in J.B. Ciulla (ed.), Ethics: The Heart of Leadership. Westport: Praeger, 111-44.
119. Kellner, D. (1989). Critical Theory, Marxism and Modernity. Baltimore: JH Press.
120. Kierkegaard, S. (1967 [1845]). Stages on Life's Way. New York: Schocken Books.
121. Kierkegaard, S. (1997a [1843]). 'Either/Or, A Fragment of Life', in H.V. Hong and E.H. Hong (eds.), The Essential Kierkegaard. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 37-83.
122. Kierkegaard, S. (1997b [1843]). 'Fear and Trembling', in H.V. Hong and E.H. Hong (eds.), The Essential Kierkegaard. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 93-101.
123. Kierkegaard, S. (1997c [1846]). 'Concluding Unscientific Postscript to Philosophical Fragments', in H.V. Hong and E.H. Hong (eds.), The Essential Kierkegaard. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 187-246.
124. Klein, N. (2001). No Logo. London: Harper Collins.
125. Kleinig, J. (1983). Paternalism. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
126. Knights, D. and Willmott, H. (1992). 'Conceptualizing Leadership Processes: A Study of Senior Managers in a Financial Services Company', Journal of Management Studies, 29: 761-82.
127. Kotter, J.P. (1990). 'What Leaders Really Do', Harvard Business Review, May-June: 103-11.
128. Langiulli, N. (1971). The Existentialist Tradition. New Jersey: Humanities Press.
129. Leiter, B. (2002). Nietzsche on Morality. London: Routledge.
130. Lewin, K. (1939). 'Field Theory and Experiment in Social Psychology: Concepts and Methods', American Journal of Sociology, 44: 868-96.
131. Lewis, G. (2000). Mentoring Manager: Strategies for Fostering Talent and Spreading Knowledge. Harlow: Pearson Education Ltd.
132. Likert, R. (1979). 'From Production-to Employee-centredness to Systems 1-4', Journal of Management, 5: 147-56.
133. Locke, J. (1988 [1690]). Two Treatises of Government, P. Laslett (ed.). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
134. Lukes, S. (2002 [1974]). 'Power: A Radical View', in M. Haugaard (ed.), Power: A Reader. Manchester: Manchester University Press, 38-57.
135. Lukes, S. (1988). Whose Justice? Which Rationality? London: Duckworth.
136. Mansbridge, Jane (1996). 'Using Power/Fighting Power: The Polity', in S. Benhabib (ed.), Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 46-66.
137. Manz, C.M. and Sims, H.P. (1987). 'Leading Workers to Lead Themselves: The External Leadership of Self-Managing Work Teams', Administrative Science Quarterly, 32: 106-28.
138. Marcuse, H. (2002 [1964]). One Dimensional Man; Studies in the Ideology of Advanced Industrial Society. London: Routledge.
139. Marshall, J. (1995). Women Managers Moving On: Exploring Career and Life Choices. London: Routledge.
140. Matten, D. and Crane, A. (2006). 'What is Stakeholder Democracy? Perspectives and Issues', Business Ethics: A European Review, 14/1: 6-13.
141. Matuštík, M.B. (2001). Jürgen Habermas: A Philosophical-Political Profile. Maryland: Rowman and Littlefield.
142. Mayo, E. (1997 [1949]). 'Hawthorne and the Western Electric Company', in D. Pugh (ed.), Organization Theory. London: Penguin, 355-68.
143. Meindl, J.R. (1990). 'On Leadership: An Alternative to the Conventional Wisdom', in B.M. Staw and L.L. Cummings (eds.), Research in Organizational Behaviour, Vol. xii. Greenwich: JAI Press: 159-203.
144. Mill, J.S. (1962 [1861]). Utilitarianism, M. Warnock (ed.). London: Fontana.
145. Moore, B.V. (1927). 'The May Conference on Leadership', Personnel Journal, 6: 124-8.
146. Moore, G. (1999). 'Tinged Shareholder Theory: Or What's so Special about Stakeholders', Business Ethics: A European Review, 8/2: 117-27.
147. Musser, S.J. (1987). The Determination of Positive and Negative Charismatic Leaders, Unpublished manuscript. Grantham: Messiah College.
148. Nietzsche, F. (2003a [1883-1885]). Thus Spoke Zarathustra. St. Ives: Penguin Classics.
149. Nietzsche, F. (2003b [1887]). The Genealogy of Morals. New York: Dover.
150. Nozick, R. (1974). Anarchy, State and Utopia. New York: Basic Books.
151. O'Neill, O. (1993). 'Kantian Ethics', in P. Singer (ed.), A Companion to Ethics. Oxford: Blackwell, 175-85.
152. Parfit, D. (1984). Reasons and Persons. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
153. Parker, M. (2002). Against Management. Cambridge: Polity.
154. Patton, M.Q. (1990). Qualitative Evaluation and Research Methods. Nerbury Park: Sage.
155. Pettigrew, A. and McNulty, T. (1995). 'Power and Influence in and around the Boardroom', Human Relations, 48/8: 845-73.
156. Phillips, R. (2003). Stakeholder Theory and Organizational Ethics. San Fransisco: Berrett-Koehler.
157. Polt, R. (1999). Heidegger: An Introduction. London: Routledge.
158. Prasad, P. (1993). 'Symbolic Processes in the Implementation of Technological Change: A Symbolic Interactionist Study of Work Computerization', Academy of Management Journal, 36/6: 1400-29.
159. Price, T.L. (2003). 'The Ethics of Authentic Transformational Leadership', The Leadership Quarterly, 14: 67-81.
160. Pusey, M. (1987). Jürgen Habermas. London: Tavistock.
161. Pye, A. (2005). 'Leadership and Organizing: Sensemaking in Action', Leadership, 1/1: 31-49.
162. Rhodes, C. and Parker, M. (2008). 'Images of Organizing in Popular Culture', Organization, 15/5: 627-37.
163. Rosen, A.D. (1996). Kant's Theory of Justice. New York: Cornell University Press.
164. Rosener, J.B. (1990). 'Ways Women Lead', Harvard Business Review, November-December: 119-25.
165. Rost, J.C. (1991). Leadership for the Twenty-First Century. New York: Praeger.
166. Ruschman, N.L. (2002). 'Servant Leadership and the Best Companies to Work For in America', in L.C. Spears and M. Lawrence (eds.), Focus on Leadership: Servant Leadership for the 21st Century. New York: Wiley, 123-40.
167. Sarkasian, S.C. (1981). 'A Personal Perspective', in R.S. Ruch and L.J. Korb (eds.), Military Leadership. Beverly Hills: Sage, 243-7.
168. Sartre, J-P. (1965 [1944]). The Philosophy of Jean Paul Sartre, R.D. Cumming (ed.). New York: Random House.
169. Sartre, J-P. (1973 [1946]). Existentialism and Humanism, P. Mairet (transl.). London: Methuen.
170. Sartre, J-P. (2003 [1943]). Being and Nothingness, H.E. Barnes (transl.). Oxford: Routledge.
171. Selznick, P. (1957). Leadership in Administration. New York: Harper Row.
172. Showkeir, J.D. (2002). 'The Business Case for Servant Leadership', in L.C.
173. Spears and M. Lawrence (eds.), Focus on Leadership: Servant Leadership for the 21st Century. New York: Wiley, 153-66.
174. Skinner, E.W. (1969). 'Relationships Between Leadership Behaviour Patterns and Organizational Situational Variables', Personal Psychology, 22: 489-94.
175. Smircich, L. and Morgan, G. (1982). 'Leadership: The Management of Meaning', Journal of Applied Behavioural Science, 18/3: 265-79.
176. Smith, A. (1998 [1776]). Wealth of Nations, K. Sutherland (ed.). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
177. Solomon, R.C. (1993). Ethics and Excellence: Cooperation and Integrity in Business. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
178. Spears, L.C. (2002). 'Tracing the Past, Present and Future of Servant Leadership', in L.C. Spears and M. Lawrence (eds.), Focus on Leadership: Servant Leadership for the 21st Century. New York: Wiley, 1-16.
179. Spears, L.C. and Lawrence, M. (eds.) (2002). Focus on Leadership: Servant Leadership for the 21st Century. New York: Wiley.
180. Spence, L. (2000). 'What Ethics in the Employment Interview', in D. Winstanley and J. Woodall (eds.), Ethical Issues in Contemporary Human Resource Management. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 43-58.
181. Stanworth, C. (2000). 'Flexible Working Patterns', in D. Winstanley and J. Woodall (eds.), Ethical Issues in Contemporary Human Resource Management. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 137-55.
182. Sternberg, E. (1999). The Stakeholder Concept: A Mistaken Doctrine. Leeds: Leeds University Centre for Business and Professional Ethics.
183. Sternberg, E. (2000). Just Business: Business Ethics in Action (2nd edition). Oxford: Oxford University Press.
184. Stiglitz, J. (2001). Globalisation and its Discontents. London: Penguin.
185. Stoney, C. and Winstanley, D. (2001). 'Stakeholding: Confusion or Utopia? Mapping the Conceptual Terrain', Journal of Management Studies, 38/5: 603-26.
186. Strauss, A. and Corbin, J. (1990). Basics of Qualitative Research: Grounded Theory Procedures and Techniques. Newbury Park: Sage.
187. Taylor, C. (1991). The Ethics of Authenticity. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
188. Taylor, F.W. (1997 [1912]). 'Scientific Management', in D. Pugh (ed.), Organization Theory. London: Penguin, 275-95.
189. Toulmin, S. (1990). Cosmopolis. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
190. Turner, A. (2002). Just Capital: The Liberal Economy. London: Macmillan Pan.
191. Vidal, J. (2010). 'Nigeria's Agony Dwarfs the Gulf Oil Spill. All We Do is Ignore It', Observer, 30 May: 20-1.
192. Walzer, M. (1995). 'The Concept of Civil Society', in M. Walzer (ed.), Toward a Global Civil Society. Providence: Berghahn, 7-27.
193. Watson, T.J. (2001). 'Beyond Managism: Negotiated Narratives and Critical Management Education in Practice', British Journal of Management, 12: 385-96.
194. Watson, T.J. (2002). Organising and Managing Work. Harlow: Prentice-Hall.
195. Weber, M. (1947 [1924]). The Theory of Social and Economic Organization, A.M. Henderson and T. Parsons (transl. and ed.). New York: Free Press.
196. Weber, M. (1968 [1911-1920]). Economy and Society, Vols. 1, 2 and 3, G. Roth and C. Wittich (eds.). Berkeley: University of California Press.
197. Western, S. (2008). Leadership: A Critical Text. London: Sage.
198. Willmott, H. (1998). 'Towards a New Ethics? The Contributions of Poststructuralism and Posthumanism', in M. Parker (ed.), Ethics and Organizations.. London: Sage, 76-121.
199. Winstanley, D. (2000). 'Conditions of Worth and the Performance Management Paradox', in D. Winstanley and J. Woodall (eds.), Ethical Issues in Contemporary Human Resource Management. Basingstoke: Palgrave MacMillan, 189-207.
200. Wolin, S.S. (1996). 'Fugitive Democracy', in S. Benhabib (ed.), Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political. Princeton: Princeton University Press, 31-45.
201. Woods, P.A. (2004). 'Democratic Leadership: Drawing Distinctions with Distributed Leadership', International Journal of Leadership in Education, 7/1: 3-26.
202. Woods, P.A., Bennett, N., Harvey, J.A., and Wise, C. (2004). 'Variabilities and Dualities in Distributed Leadership: Findings from a Systematic Literature Review', Educational Management Administration and Leadership, 32/4: 439-57.
203. Young, I.M. (1996). 'Communication and the Other: Beyond Deliberative Democracy', in S. Benhabib (ed.), Democracy and Difference: Contesting the Boundaries of the Political. New Jersey: Princeton University Press, 120-35.
204. Zaleznik, A. (1977). 'Managers and Leaders: Are They Different?', Harvard Business Review, May-June: 126-35.