메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn , Issue , 2007, Pages 207-235

Morphometrics and Biological Anthropology in the Postgenomic Age

Author keywords

Biological anthropology; Patterns of morphological variation; Skeletal samples

Indexed keywords


EID: 84855679653     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.1002/9780470245842.ch7     Document Type: Chapter
Times cited : (4)

References (88)
  • 1
    • 4444358439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bmp4 and morphological variation of beaks in Darwin's finches
    • Abzhanov A, Protas M, Grant BR, Grant PR, Tabin CJ. 2004. Bmp4 and morphological variation of beaks in Darwin's finches. Science 305(5689): 1462-1465.
    • (2004) Science , vol.305 , Issue.5689 , pp. 1462-1465
    • Abzhanov, A.1    Protas, M.2    Grant, B.R.3    Grant, P.R.4    Tabin, C.J.5
  • 2
    • 0001699986 scopus 로고
    • Asymptotic theory for principal component analysis
    • Anderson TW. 1963. Asymptotic theory for principal component analysis. Ann Math Statist 34: 122-148.
    • (1963) Ann Math Statist , vol.34 , pp. 122-148
    • Anderson, T.W.1
  • 3
    • 33750380914 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Craniofacial levels and the morphological maturation of the human skull
    • Bastir M, Rosas A, O'Higgins P. 2006. Craniofacial levels and the morphological maturation of the human skull. J Anat 209(5):637-654.
    • (2006) J Anat , vol.209 , Issue.5 , pp. 637-654
    • Bastir, M.1    Rosas, A.2    O'Higgins, P.3
  • 4
    • 84925699055 scopus 로고
    • The evaluation of characteristics of the skull, hands and feet for primate taxonomy
    • In: Washburn SL, editor, Chicago, Ill.: Aldine
    • Biegert J. 1963. The evaluation of characteristics of the skull, hands and feet for primate taxonomy. In: Washburn SL, editor. Classification and Human Evolution. Chicago, Ill.: Aldine. pp. 116-145.
    • (1963) Classification and Human Evolution , pp. 116-145
    • Biegert, J.1
  • 5
    • 0141456367 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mouse Phenome Project: understanding human biology through mouse genetics and genomics
    • Bogue M. 2003. Mouse Phenome Project: understanding human biology through mouse genetics and genomics. J Appl Physiol 95(4):1335-1337.
    • (2003) J Appl Physiol , vol.95 , Issue.4 , pp. 1335-1337
    • Bogue, M.1
  • 6
    • 0004180435 scopus 로고
    • Morphometrics in Evolutionary Biology
    • Philadelphia, Pa.: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia
    • Bookstein B, Chernoff B, Elder R, Humphries J, Smith G, Strauss R. 1985. Morphometrics in Evolutionary Biology. Philadelphia, Pa.: The Academy of Natural Sciences of Philadelphia.
    • (1985)
    • Bookstein, B.1    Chernoff, B.2    Elder, R.3    Humphries, J.4    Smith, G.5    Strauss, R.6
  • 7
    • 0003597817 scopus 로고
    • Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data
    • Cambridge: Cambridge University Press
    • Bookstein FL. 1991. Morphometric Tools for Landmark Data. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
    • (1991)
    • Bookstein, F.L.1
  • 8
    • 0031107378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Landmark methods for forms without landmarks: morphometrics of group differences in outline shape
    • Bookstein FL. 1997. Landmark methods for forms without landmarks: morphometrics of group differences in outline shape. Med Image Anal 1(3):225-243.
    • (1997) Med Image Anal , vol.1 , Issue.3 , pp. 225-243
    • Bookstein, F.L.1
  • 9
    • 67649954327 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • After landmarks
    • In: Slice DE, editor, New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers
    • Bookstein FL. 2005. After landmarks. In: Slice DE, editor. Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology. New York: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers. pp. 49-71.
    • (2005) Modern Morphometrics in Physical Anthropology , pp. 49-71
    • Bookstein, F.L.1
  • 10
    • 35748935928 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of threedimensional image registration methodologies for in vivo micro-computed tomography
    • Boyd SK, Moser S, Kuhn M, Klinck RJ, Krauze PL, Muller R, Gasser JA. 2006. Evaluation of threedimensional image registration methodologies for in vivo micro-computed tomography. Ann Biomed Eng 34(10):1587-1599.
    • (2006) Ann Biomed Eng , vol.34 , Issue.10 , pp. 1587-1599
    • Boyd, S.K.1    Moser, S.2    Kuhn, M.3    Klinck, R.J.4    Krauze, P.L.5    Muller, R.6    Gasser, J.A.7
  • 11
    • 84898265666 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Francis Galton: pioneer of heredity and biometry
    • Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press
    • Bulmer MG. 2003. Francis Galton: pioneer of heredity and biometry. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. xvii, 357pp.
    • (2003) , vol.xvii , pp. 357
    • Bulmer, M.G.1
  • 12
    • 0000116015 scopus 로고
    • The geometry of canonical variates analysis
    • Campbell NA, Atchley WR. 1981. The geometry of canonical variates analysis. Syst Zool 30: 268-280.
    • (1981) Syst Zool , vol.30 , pp. 268-280
    • Campbell, N.A.1    Atchley, W.R.2
  • 13
    • 0001618604 scopus 로고
    • Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental integration in the cranium
    • Cheverud JM. 1982. Phenotypic, genetic, and environmental integration in the cranium. Evol 36:499-516.
    • (1982) Evol , vol.36 , pp. 499-516
    • Cheverud, J.M.1
  • 14
    • 0029141741 scopus 로고
    • Morphological integration in the saddle-back tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis) cranium
    • Cheverud JM. 1995. Morphological integration in the saddle-back tamarin (Saguinus fuscicollis) cranium. Amer Nat 145(1):63-89.
    • (1995) Amer Nat , vol.145 , Issue.1 , pp. 63-89
    • Cheverud, J.M.1
  • 15
    • 0027144227 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative trait loci: individual gene effects on quantitative characters
    • Cheverud JM, Routman E. 1993. Quantitative trait loci: individual gene effects on quantitative characters. J Evolut Biol 6:463-480.
    • (1993) J Evolut Biol , vol.6 , pp. 463-480
    • Cheverud, J.M.1    Routman, E.2
  • 16
    • 57249101175 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Win EDMA (Windows Based Software for Euclidean Matrix Analysis). Version 1.01 beta
    • Copyright (c)2003, Release Date: May 5, 2003
    • Cole III TM. 2003. Win EDMA (Windows Based Software for Euclidean Matrix Analysis). Version 1.01 beta. Copyright (c)2003. Release Date: May 5, 2003.
    • (2003)
    • Cole III, T.M.1
  • 18
    • 0003489720 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical Shape Analysis
    • Chichester: John Wiley & Sons
    • Dryden IL, Mardia KV. 1998. Statistical Shape Analysis. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons.
    • (1998)
    • Dryden, I.L.1    Mardia, K.V.2
  • 19
    • 84971185409 scopus 로고
    • The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance
    • Fisher RA. 1918. The correlation between relatives on the supposition of Mendelian inheritance. Trans Royal Soc Edinburgh 52:399-433.
    • (1918) Trans Royal Soc Edinburgh , vol.52 , pp. 399-433
    • Fisher, R.A.1
  • 20
    • 0037177581 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches
    • Grant PR, Grant BR. 2002. Unpredictable evolution in a 30-year study of Darwin's finches. Science 296(5568):707-711.
    • (2002) Science , vol.296 , Issue.5568 , pp. 707-711
    • Grant, P.R.1    Grant, B.R.2
  • 21
    • 8844276721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A collaborative database of inbred mouse strain characteristics
    • Grubb SC, Churchill GA, Bogue MA. 2004. A collaborative database of inbred mouse strain characteristics. Bioinformatics 20(16):2857-2859.
    • (2004) Bioinformatics , vol.20 , Issue.16 , pp. 2857-2859
    • Grubb, S.C.1    Churchill, G.A.2    Bogue, M.A.3
  • 22
    • 33846913250 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Neanderthal "chignon": variation, integration, and homology
    • Gunz P, Harvati K. 2007. The Neanderthal "chignon": variation, integration, and homology. J Hum Evol 52(3):262-274.
    • (2007) J Hum Evol , vol.52 , Issue.3 , pp. 262-274
    • Gunz, P.1    Harvati, K.2
  • 23
  • 24
    • 0000393356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating asymmetry in the mammalian skeleton-Evolutionary and developmental implications
    • Hallgrímsson B. 1998. Fluctuating asymmetry in the mammalian skeleton-Evolutionary and developmental implications. Evolut Biol 30: 187-251.
    • (1998) Evolut Biol , vol.30 , pp. 187-251
    • Hallgrímsson, B.1
  • 28
    • 0142184055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Embryological origins of developmental stability: size, shape and fluctuating asymmetry in prenatal random bred mice
    • Hallgrímsson B, Miyake T, Wilmore K, Hall BK. 2003. Embryological origins of developmental stability: size, shape and fluctuating asymmetry in prenatal random bred mice. J Exper Zool Part B-Molec Dev Evol 296B(1):40-57.
    • (2003) J Exper Zool Part B-Molec Dev Evol , vol.296 B , Issue.1 , pp. 40-57
    • Hallgrímsson, B.1    Miyake, T.2    Wilmore, K.3    Hall, B.K.4
  • 30
    • 84930065113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canalization, developmental stability, and morphological integration in primate limbs
    • Hallgrímsson B, Willmore K, Hall BK. 2002. Canalization, developmental stability, and morphological integration in primate limbs. Yrbk Phys Anthropol 45:131-158.
    • (2002) Yrbk Phys Anthropol , vol.45 , pp. 131-158
    • Hallgrímsson, B.1    Willmore, K.2    Hall, B.K.3
  • 31
    • 84930065113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Canalization, developmental stability and morphological integration in primate limbs
    • Hallgrímsson B, Willmore K, Hall BK. 2002. Canalization, developmental stability and morphological integration in primate limbs. Am J Phys Anthropol Yrbk 45:131-158.
    • (2002) Am J Phys Anthropol Yrbk , vol.45 , pp. 131-158
    • Hallgrímsson, B.1    Willmore, K.2    Hall, B.K.3
  • 32
    • 0343090427 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Increased power with modified forms of the Levene (Med) test for heterogeneity of variance
    • Hines WG, Hines RJ. 2000. Increased power with modified forms of the Levene (Med) test for heterogeneity of variance. Biometrics 56(2): 451-454.
    • (2000) Biometrics , vol.56 , Issue.2 , pp. 451-454
    • Hines, W.G.1    Hines, R.J.2
  • 33
    • 0002654887 scopus 로고
    • Cranial variation in man; a study by multivariate analysis of patterns of difference among recent human populations
    • Harvard University
    • Howells WW. 1973. Cranial variation in man; a study by multivariate analysis of patterns of difference among recent human populations. Cambridge: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology, Harvard University. ix, 259pp.
    • (1973) Cambridge: Peabody Museum of Archaeology and Ethnology , vol.ix , pp. 259
    • Howells, W.W.1
  • 34
    • 84889864467 scopus 로고
    • Craniometry and multivariate analysis
    • Cambridge: Peabody Museum
    • Howells WW, Crichton JM. 1966. Craniometry and multivariate analysis. Cambridge: Peabody Museum. 67pp.
    • (1966) , pp. 67
    • Howells, W.W.1    Crichton, J.M.2
  • 36
    • 0000291561 scopus 로고
    • The diffusion of shape
    • Kendall D. 1977. The diffusion of shape. Adv Appl Probab 9:428-430.
    • (1977) Adv Appl Probab , vol.9 , pp. 428-430
    • Kendall, D.1
  • 37
    • 0036807802 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shape analysis of symmetric structures: quantifying variation among individuals and asymmetry
    • Klingenberg CP, Barluenga M, Meyer A. 2002. Shape analysis of symmetric structures: quantifying variation among individuals and asymmetry. Evolution Int J Org Evolution 56(10): 1909-1920.
    • (2002) Evolution Int J Org Evolution , vol.56 , Issue.10 , pp. 1909-1920
    • Klingenberg, C.P.1    Barluenga, M.2    Meyer, A.3
  • 38
    • 2442588743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Integration and modularity of quantitative trait locus effects on geometric shape in the mouse mandible
    • Klingenberg CP, Leamy LJ, Cheverud JM. 2004. Integration and modularity of quantitative trait locus effects on geometric shape in the mouse mandible. Genetics 166(4):1909-1921.
    • (2004) Genetics , vol.166 , Issue.4 , pp. 1909-1921
    • Klingenberg, C.P.1    Leamy, L.J.2    Cheverud, J.M.3
  • 39
    • 0031731745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geometric morphometrics of developmental instability: Analyzing patterns of fluctuating asymmetry with Procrustes methods
    • Klingenberg CP, McIntyre GS. 1998. Geometric morphometrics of developmental instability: Analyzing patterns of fluctuating asymmetry with Procrustes methods. Evolution 52(5): 1363-1375.
    • (1998) Evolution , vol.52 , Issue.5 , pp. 1363-1375
    • Klingenberg, C.P.1    McIntyre, G.S.2
  • 41
    • 0036746461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Invariance, identifiability and morphometrics
    • Lele S, McCulloch CE. 2002. Invariance, identifiability and morphometrics. J Am Statist Assoc 97(459):796-806.
    • (2002) J Am Statist Assoc , vol.97 , Issue.459 , pp. 796-806
    • Lele, S.1    McCulloch, C.E.2
  • 42
    • 0026050115 scopus 로고
    • Euclidean distance matrix analysis: a coordinate-free approach for comparing biological shapes using landmark data
    • Lele S, Richtsmeier JT. 1991. Euclidean distance matrix analysis: a coordinate-free approach for comparing biological shapes using landmark data. Am J Phys Anthropol 86(3):415-427.
    • (1991) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.86 , Issue.3 , pp. 415-427
    • Lele, S.1    Richtsmeier, J.T.2
  • 43
    • 0003526285 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An Invariant Approach to the Statistical Analysis of Shapes
    • Boca Raton, Fla.: Chapman & Hall
    • Lele S, Richtsmeier JT. 2001. An Invariant Approach to the Statistical Analysis of Shapes. Boca Raton, Fla.: Chapman & Hall.
    • (2001)
    • Lele, S.1    Richtsmeier, J.T.2
  • 44
    • 0003139708 scopus 로고
    • Robust tests for equality of variances
    • In: Olkin I, editor, Palo Alta, Calif.: Stanford University Press
    • Levene H. 1960. Robust tests for equality of variances. In: Olkin I, editor. Contributions to Probability and Statistics. Palo Alta, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
    • (1960) Contributions to Probability and Statistics
    • Levene, H.1
  • 45
    • 3042720315 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Humans and primates: new model organisms for evolutionary developmental biology?
    • Lieberman D. 2004. Humans and primates: new model organisms for evolutionary developmental biology? J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol 302(3): 195.
    • (2004) J Exp Zoolog B Mol Dev Evol , vol.302 , Issue.3 , pp. 195
    • Lieberman, D.1
  • 46
    • 0037022224 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evolution and development of cranial form in Homo Sapiens
    • Lieberman DE, McBratney BM, Krovitz G. 2002. The evolution and development of cranial form in Homo Sapiens. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99(3):1134-1139.
    • (2002) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.99 , Issue.3 , pp. 1134-1139
    • Lieberman, D.E.1    McBratney, B.M.2    Krovitz, G.3
  • 47
    • 0033136263 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The ontogeny of cranial base angulation in humans and chimpanzees and its implications for reconstructing pharyngeal dimensions
    • Lieberman DE, McCarthy RC. 1999. The ontogeny of cranial base angulation in humans and chimpanzees and its implications for reconstructing pharyngeal dimensions. J Hum Evol 36(5): 487-517.
    • (1999) J Hum Evol , vol.36 , Issue.5 , pp. 487-517
    • Lieberman, D.E.1    McCarthy, R.C.2
  • 48
    • 0034070524 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Basicranial influence on overall cranial shape
    • Lieberman DE, Pearson, Osbjorn M, Mowbray, KM. 2000a. Basicranial influence on overall cranial shape. J Hum Evol 38(2):291-315.
    • (2000) J Hum Evol , vol.38 , Issue.2 , pp. 291-315
    • Lieberman, D.E.1    Pearson, O.M.2    Mowbray, K.M.3
  • 49
    • 0034522976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The primate cranial base: ontogeny, function, and integration
    • Lieberman DE, Ross CF, Ravosa MJ. 2000b. The primate cranial base: ontogeny, function, and integration. Am J Phys Anthropol (Suppl 31): 117-169.
    • (2000) Am J Phys Anthropol , Issue.SUPPL. 31 , pp. 117-169
    • Lieberman, D.E.1    Ross, C.F.2    Ravosa, M.J.3
  • 50
    • 0034757621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New tools for studying integration and modularity
    • Magwene PM. 2001. New tools for studying integration and modularity. Evolution 55(9): 1734-1745.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , Issue.9 , pp. 1734-1745
    • Magwene, P.M.1
  • 51
    • 0002275679 scopus 로고
    • Traditional morphometrics
    • In: Rohlf FJ, Bookstein FL, editors, Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology
    • Marcus LF. 1990. Traditional morphometrics. In: Rohlf FJ, Bookstein FL, editors. Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan, Museum of Zoology.
    • (1990) Proceedings of the Michigan Morphometrics Workshop
    • Marcus, L.F.1
  • 52
    • 33645034077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • SAGE 3D
    • Ann Arbor: University of Michigan
    • Marquez E. 2004. SAGE 3D. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan.
    • (2004)
    • Marquez, E.1
  • 53
    • 0035544555 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of phenotypic variation and covariation patterns and the role of phylogeny, ecology, and ontogeny during cranial evolution of new world monkeys
    • Marroig G, Cheverud JM. 2001. A comparison of phenotypic variation and covariation patterns and the role of phylogeny, ecology, and ontogeny during cranial evolution of new world monkeys. Evolution 55(12):2576-2600.
    • (2001) Evolution , vol.55 , Issue.12 , pp. 2576-2600
    • Marroig, G.1    Cheverud, J.M.2
  • 55
    • 3042717174 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of cranial ontogenetic trajectories among great apes and humans
    • Mitteroecker P, Gunz P, Bernhard M, Schaefer K, Bookstein FL. 2004. Comparison of cranial ontogenetic trajectories among great apes and humans. J Hum Evol 46(6):679-697.
    • (2004) J Hum Evol , vol.46 , Issue.6 , pp. 679-697
    • Mitteroecker, P.1    Gunz, P.2    Bernhard, M.3    Schaefer, K.4    Bookstein, F.L.5
  • 56
    • 0003630285 scopus 로고
    • Form and Pattern in Human Evolution: Some Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Approaches
    • Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press
    • Oxnard CE. 1973. Form and Pattern in Human Evolution: Some Mathematical, Physical, and Engineering Approaches. Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press. ix, 218 pp.
    • (1973) , vol.ix , pp. 218
    • Oxnard, C.E.1
  • 57
    • 0006054413 scopus 로고
    • The Order of Man: A Biomathematical Anatomy of the Primates
    • New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press
    • Oxnard CE. 1984. The Order of Man: A Biomathematical Anatomy of the Primates. New Haven, Conn.: Yale University Press.
    • (1984)
    • Oxnard, C.E.1
  • 58
    • 0033852468 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A mouse phenome project
    • Paigen K, Eppig JT. 2000. A mouse phenome project. Mamm Genome 11(9):715-717.
    • (2000) Mamm Genome , vol.11 , Issue.9 , pp. 715-717
    • Paigen, K.1    Eppig, J.T.2
  • 59
    • 0001174710 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating asymmetry analyses: a primer
    • In: Markow TA, editor, Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers
    • Palmer AR. 1994. Fluctuating asymmetry analyses: a primer. In: Markow TA, editor. Developmental Instability: Its Origins and Evolutionary Implications. Dordrecht: Kluwer Academic Publishers. pp. 355-364.
    • (1994) Developmental Instability: Its Origins and Evolutionary Implications , pp. 355-364
    • Palmer, A.R.1
  • 60
    • 0000084502 scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating asymmetry: measurement, analysis, patterns
    • Palmer AR, Strobeck C. 1986. Fluctuating asymmetry: measurement, analysis, patterns. Ann Rev Ecol System 17:391-421.
    • (1986) Ann Rev Ecol System , vol.17 , pp. 391-421
    • Palmer, A.R.1    Strobeck, C.2
  • 61
    • 0038049546 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluctuating asymmetry analysis unplugged
    • In: Polak M, editor, Oxford: Oxford University Press
    • Palmer AR, Strobeck C. 2003. Fluctuating asymmetry analysis unplugged. In: Polak M, editor. Developmental Instability (DI): Causes and Consequences. Oxford: Oxford University Press. pp. 279-319.
    • (2003) Developmental Instability (DI): Causes and Consequences , pp. 279-319
    • Palmer, A.R.1    Strobeck, C.2
  • 62
    • 0035895515 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genomics and medic. Dissecting human disease in the postgenomic era
    • Peltonen L, McKusick VA. 2001. Genomics and medic. Dissecting human disease in the postgenomic era. Science 291(5507): 1224-1229.
    • (2001) Science , vol.291 , Issue.5507 , pp. 1224-1229
    • Peltonen, L.1    McKusick, V.A.2
  • 63
    • 34247352040 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolutionary and biomedical insights from the rhesus macaque genome
    • Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium
    • Rhesus Macaque Genome Sequencing and Analysis Consortium. 2007. Evolutionary and biomedical insights from the rhesus macaque genome. Science 316:222-234.
    • (2007) Science , vol.316 , pp. 222-234
  • 66
    • 0025147378 scopus 로고
    • Analysis of craniofacial growth in Crouzon syndrome using landmark data
    • Richtsmeier JT, Lele S. 1990. Analysis of craniofacial growth in Crouzon syndrome using landmark data. J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol 10(1):39-62.
    • (1990) J Craniofac Genet Dev Biol , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 39-62
    • Richtsmeier, J.T.1    Lele, S.2
  • 67
    • 0027293063 scopus 로고
    • A coordinate-free approach to the analysis of growth patterns: models and theoretical considerations
    • Richtsmeier JT, Lele S. 1993. A coordinate-free approach to the analysis of growth patterns: models and theoretical considerations. Biol Rev Cambridge Philos Soc 68(3):381-411.
    • (1993) Biol Rev Cambridge Philos Soc , vol.68 , Issue.3 , pp. 381-411
    • Richtsmeier, J.T.1    Lele, S.2
  • 68
    • 0034079586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistical power comparisons among alternative morphometric methods
    • Rohlf FJ. 2000. Statistical power comparisons among alternative morphometric methods. Am J Phys Anthropol 111(4):463-478.
    • (2000) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.111 , Issue.4 , pp. 463-478
    • Rohlf, F.J.1
  • 69
    • 84860428591 scopus 로고
    • Extensions of the Procrustes method for the optical superimposition of landmarks
    • Rohlf FJ, Slice DE. 1990. Extensions of the Procrustes method for the optical superimposition of landmarks. Syst Zool 39(1):40-59.
    • (1990) Syst Zool , vol.39 , Issue.1 , pp. 40-59
    • Rohlf, F.J.1    Slice, D.E.2
  • 70
    • 2642571007 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geometric morphometric analysis of allometric variation in the mandibular morphology of the hominids of Atapuerca, Sima de los Huesos site
    • Rosas A, Bastir M. 2004. Geometric morphometric analysis of allometric variation in the mandibular morphology of the hominids of Atapuerca, Sima de los Huesos site. Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol 278(2):551-560.
    • (2004) Anat Rec A Discov Mol Cell Evol Biol , vol.278 , Issue.2 , pp. 551-560
    • Rosas, A.1    Bastir, M.2
  • 71
    • 0027191473 scopus 로고
    • Basicranial flexion, relative brain size, and facial kyphosis in nonhuman primates
    • Ross CF, Ravosa MJ. 1993. Basicranial flexion, relative brain size, and facial kyphosis in nonhuman primates. Am J Phys Anthropol 91(3): 305-324.
    • (1993) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.91 , Issue.3 , pp. 305-324
    • Ross, C.F.1    Ravosa, M.J.2
  • 72
    • 84889837560 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMP Simple 3D
    • Version 11/04/04
    • Sheets HD. 2004a. IMP Simple 3D. Version 11/04/04.
    • (2004)
    • Sheets, H.D.1
  • 73
    • 84889795835 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • IMP Three DPCA6
    • Version 7/12/04
    • Sheets HD. 2004b. IMP Three DPCA6. Version 7/12/04.
    • (2004)
    • Sheets, H.D.1
  • 76
    • 28044442713 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A 3D quantitative comparison of trapezium and trapezoid relative articular and nonarticular surface areas in modern humans and great apes
    • Tocheri MW, Razdan A,Williams RC, Marzke MW. 2005. A 3D quantitative comparison of trapezium and trapezoid relative articular and nonarticular surface areas in modern humans and great apes. J Hum Evol 49(5):570-586.
    • (2005) J Hum Evol , vol.49 , Issue.5 , pp. 570-586
    • Tocheri, M.W.1    Razdan, A.2    Williams, R.C.3    Marzke, M.W.4
  • 77
    • 0003154225 scopus 로고
    • The statistics of variation
    • Van Valen LM. 1978. The statistics of variation. Evol Theory 4:33-43.
    • (1978) Evol Theory , vol.4 , pp. 33-43
    • Van Valen, L.M.1
  • 78
    • 33750319863 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The statistics of variation
    • In: Hallgrímsson B, Hall BK, editors, New York: Elsevier Academic Press
    • Van Valen LM. 2005. The statistics of variation. In: Hallgrímsson B, Hall BK, editors. Variation: A Central Concept in Biology. New York: Elsevier Academic Press. pp. 29-48.
    • (2005) Variation: A Central Concept in Biology , pp. 29-48
    • Van Valen, L.M.1
  • 79
    • 11244341144 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter-and intraspecific variation in the ontogeny of the hominoid facial skeleton: testing assumptions of ontogenetic variability
    • Vi{eth}arsdóttir US, Cobb S. 2004. Inter-and intraspecific variation in the ontogeny of the hominoid facial skeleton: testing assumptions of ontogenetic variability. Ann Anat 186(5-6): 423-428.
    • (2004) Ann Anat , vol.186 , Issue.5-6 , pp. 423-428
    • Vidarsdóttir, U.S.1    Cobb, S.2
  • 80
    • 0021738452 scopus 로고
    • On the eigenvalue distribution of genetic and phenotypic dispersion matrices: evidence for a non-random origin of quantitative genetic variation
    • Wagner GP. 1984. On the eigenvalue distribution of genetic and phenotypic dispersion matrices: evidence for a non-random origin of quantitative genetic variation. J Math Biol 21: 77-95.
    • (1984) J Math Biol , vol.21 , pp. 77-95
    • Wagner, G.P.1
  • 81
    • 85025062110 scopus 로고
    • A comparative study of morphological integration in Apis mellifera (Insecta, Hymenoptera)
    • Wagner GP. 1990. A comparative study of morphological integration in Apis mellifera (Insecta, Hymenoptera). Zool Syst Evolut-Forsch 28: 48-61.
    • (1990) Zool Syst Evolut-Forsch , vol.28 , pp. 48-61
    • Wagner, G.P.1
  • 82
    • 0034351390 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ability of geometric morphometric methods to estimate a known covariance matrix
    • Walker JA. 2000. Ability of geometric morphometric methods to estimate a known covariance matrix. Syst Biol 49(4):686-696.
    • (2000) Syst Biol , vol.49 , Issue.4 , pp. 686-696
    • Walker, J.A.1
  • 83
    • 33750353961 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Function, ontogeny and canalization of shape variance in the primate scapula
    • Young NM. 2006. Function, ontogeny and canalization of shape variance in the primate scapula. J Anat 209(5):623-636.
    • (2006) J Anat , vol.209 , Issue.5 , pp. 623-636
    • Young, N.M.1
  • 84
    • 30344471812 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial homology and the evolution of mammalian limb covariation structure
    • Young NM, Hallgrímsson B. 2005. Serial homology and the evolution of mammalian limb covariation structure. Evolution 59(12):2691-2704.
    • (2005) Evolution , vol.59 , Issue.12 , pp. 2691-2704
    • Young, N.M.1    Hallgrímsson, B.2
  • 85
    • 84889769149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Serial homology and the evolution of mammalian limb covariation structure: implications for primate evolution
    • Young NM, Hallgrímsson B. 2006. Serial homology and the evolution of mammalian limb covariation structure: implications for primate evolution. Am J Phys Anthropol.
    • (2006) Am J Phys Anthropol
    • Young, N.M.1    Hallgrímsson, B.2
  • 86
    • 85013705089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists: A Primer
    • Boston: Elsevier Academic Press
    • Zelditch ML. 2004. Geometric Morphometrics for Biologists: A Primer. Boston: Elsevier Academic Press.
    • (2004)
    • Zelditch, M.L.1
  • 87
    • 2342466116 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Developmental regulation of skull morphology. I. Ontogenetic dynamics of variance
    • Zelditch ML, Lundrigan BL, Garland T. 2004. Developmental regulation of skull morphology. I. Ontogenetic dynamics of variance. Evol Dev 6(3):194-206.
    • (2004) Evol Dev , vol.6 , Issue.3 , pp. 194-206
    • Zelditch, M.L.1    Lundrigan, B.L.2    Garland, T.3
  • 88
    • 0037375999 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growth-related shape changes in the fetal craniofacial complex of humans (Homo sapiens) and pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina): a 3D-CT comparative analysis
    • Zumpano MP, Richtsmeier JT. 2003. Growth-related shape changes in the fetal craniofacial complex of humans (Homo sapiens) and pigtailed macaques (Macaca nemestrina): a 3D-CT comparative analysis. Am J Phys Anthropol 120(4): 339-351.
    • (2003) Am J Phys Anthropol , vol.120 , Issue.4 , pp. 339-351
    • Zumpano, M.P.1    Richtsmeier, J.T.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.