The cerebellum in dystonia - Help or hindrance?

Clinical Neurophysiology

Volumn 123, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 65-70

  Sadnicka, A ^a   Hoffland, B S ^b   Bhatia, K P ^a   van de Warrenburg, B P ^b   Edwards, M J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY COLLEGE LONDON   (United Kingdom)

^b RADBOUD UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cerebellum; Dystonia

Indexed keywords

NEUROTRANSMITTER;

BRAIN BLOOD FLOW; BRAIN ELECTROPHYSIOLOGY; BRAIN METABOLISM; CEREBELLUM; CERVICAL DYSTONIA; DIFFUSION TENSOR IMAGING; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE COURSE; DYSTONIA; EVOKED MUSCLE RESPONSE; HUMAN; MENTAL TASK; NERVE CELL EXCITABILITY; NERVE DEGENERATION; NEUROPATHOLOGY; NONHUMAN; POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SPINOCEREBELLAR DEGENERATION; TRANSCRANIAL MAGNETIC STIMULATION; VOXEL BASED MORPHOMETRY;

ANIMALS; BLINKING; CEREBELLUM; CONDITIONING, CLASSICAL; DYSTONIA; HUMANS; MICE; MOTOR CORTEX; NERVOUS SYSTEM PHYSIOLOGICAL PHENOMENA; NEUROIMAGING; PRIMATES; RATS;

EID: 84655167863     PISSN: 13882457     EISSN: 18728952     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.04.027     Document Type: Review

References (99)

1. Akkal D., Dum R.P., Strick P.L. Supplementary motor area and presupplementary motor area: targets of basal ganglia and cerebellar output. J Neurosci 2007, 27:10659-10673.
2. Alarcon F., Tolosa E., Munoz E. Focal limb dystonia in a patient with a cerebellar mass. Arch Neurol 2001, 58:1125-1127.
3. Alexander G.E., DeLong M.R., Strick P.L. Parallel organization of functionally segregated circuits linking basal ganglia and cortex. Annu Rev Neurosci 1986, 9:357-381.
4. Argyelan M., Carbon M., Niethammer M., Ulug A.M., Voss H.U., Bressman S.B., et al. Cerebellothalamocortical connectivity regulates penetrance in dystonia. J Neurosci 2009, 29:9740-9747.
5. Baker R.S., Andersen A.H., Morecraft R.J., Smith C.D. A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in patients with benign essential blepharospasm. J Neuroophthalmol 2003, 23:11-15.
6. Battaglia F., Quartarone A., Ghilardi M.F., Dattola R., Bagnato S., Rizzo V., et al. Unilateral cerebellar stroke disrupts movement preparation and motor imagery. Clin Neurophysiol 2006, 117:1009-1016.
7. Beck S., Schubert M., Richardson S.P., Hallett M. Surround inhibition depends on the force exerted and is abnormal in focal hand dystonia. J Appl Physiol 2009, 107:1513-1518.
8. Beukers R.J., Booij J., Weisscher N., Zijlstra F., van Amelsvoort T.A., Tijssen M.A. Reduced striatal D2 receptor binding in myoclonus-dystonia. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2009, 36:269-274.
9. Bonilha L., de Vries P.M., Vincent D.J., Rorden C., Morgan P.S., Hurd M.W., et al. Structural white matter abnormalities in patients with idiopathic dystonia. Mov Disord 2007, 22:1110-1116.
10. Bostan A.C., Dum R.P., Strick P.L. The basal ganglia communicate with the cerebellum. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2010, 107:8452-8456.
11. Bostan A.C., Strick P.L. The cerebellum and basal ganglia are interconnected. Neuropsychol Rev 2010, 20:261-270.
12. Brighina F., Romano M., Giglia G., Saia V., Puma A., Giglia F., et al. Effects of cerebellar TMS on motor cortex of patients with focal dystonia: a preliminary report. Exp Brain Res 2009, 192:651-656.
13. Calderon D.P., Fremont R., Kraenzlin F., Khodakhah K. The neural substrates of rapid-onset Dystonia Parkinsonism. Nat Neurosci 2011, 14:357-365.
14. Campbell D.B., North J.B., Hess E.J. Tottering mouse motor dysfunction is abolished on the Purkinje cell degeneration (pcd) mutant background. Exp Neurol 1999, 160:268-278.
15. Carbon M., Kingsley P.B., Su S., Smith G.S., Spetsieris P., Bressman S., et al. Microstructural white matter changes in carriers of the DYT1 gene mutation. Ann Neurol 2004, 56:283-286.
16. Carbon M., Ghilardi M.F., Argyelan M., Dhawan V., Bressman S.B., Eidelberg D. Increased cerebellar activation during sequence learning in DYT1 carriers: an equiperformance study. Brain 2008, 131:146-154.
17. Carbon M., Kingsley P.B., Tang C., Bressman S., Eidelberg D. Microstructural white matter changes in primary torsion dystonia. Mov Disord 2008, 23:234-239.
18. Carbon M., Niethammer M., Peng S., Raymond D., Dhawan V., Chaly T., et al. Abnormal striatal and thalamic dopamine neurotransmission: Genotype-related features of dystonia. Neurology 2009, 72:2097-2103.
19. Carbon M., Argyelan M., Eidelberg D. Functional imaging in hereditary dystonia. Eur J Neurol 2010, 17:58-64.
20. Chen R., Wassermann E.M., Canos M., Hallett M. Impaired inhibition in writer's cramp during voluntary muscle activation. Neurology 1997, 49:1054-1059.
21. Chen R.S., Tsai C.H., Lu C.S. Reciprocal inhibition in writer's cramp. Mov Disord 1995, 10:556-561.
22. Colosimo C., Pantano P., Calistri V., Totaro P., Fabbrini G., Berardelli A. Diffusion tensor imaging in primary cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2005, 76:1591-1593.
23. Delmaire C., Vidailhet M., Elbaz A., Bourdain F., Bleton J.-P., Sangla S., et al. Structural abnormalities in the cerebellum and sensorimotor circuit in writer's cramp. Neurology 2007, 69:376-380.
24. Delmaire C., Vidailhet M., Wassermann D., Descoteaux M., Valabregue R., Bourdain F., et al. Diffusion abnormalities in the primary sensorimotor pathways in writer's cramp. Arch Neurol 2009, 66:502-508.
25. Deuschl G., Seifert C., Heinen F., Illert M., Lucking C.H. Reciprocal inhibition of forearm flexor muscles in spasmodic torticollis. J Neurol Sci 1992, 113:85-90.
26. Devanagondi R., Egami K., LeDoux M.S., Hess E.J., Jinnah H.A. Neuroanatomical substrates for paroxysmal dyskinesia in lethargic mice. Neurobiol Dis 2007, 27:249-257.
27. Draganski B., Thun-Hohenstein C., Bogdahn M.D., Winkler J., May A. " Motor circuit" gray matter changes in idiopathic cervical dystonia. Neurology 2006, 61:1228-1231.
28. Edwards M.J., Huang Y.Z., Wood N.W., Rothwell J.C., Bhatia K.P. Different patterns of electrophysiological deficits in manifesting and non-manifesting carriers of the DYT1 gene mutation. Brain 2003, 126:2074-2080.
29. Egger K., Mueller J., Schocke M., Brenneis C., Rinnerthaler M., Seppi K., et al. Voxel based morphometry reveals specific gray matter chagnes in primary dystonia. Neurology 2007, 22:1538-1542.
30. Eidelberg D., Moeller J.R., Ishikawa T., Dhawan V., Spetsieris P., Przedborski S., et al. The metabolic topography of idiopathic torsion dystonia. Brain 1995, 118:1473-1484.
31. Eidelberg D., Moeller J.R., Antonini A., Kazumata K., Nakamura T., Dhawan V., et al. Functional brain networks in DYT1 dystonia. Ann Neurol 1998, 44:303-312.
32. Extremera V.C., Alvarez-Coca J., Rodriguez G.A., Perez J.M., de Villanueva J.L., Diaz C.P. Torticollis is a usual symptom in posterior fossa tumors. Eur J Pediatr 2008, 167:249-250.
33. Fabbrini G., Pantano P., Totaro P., Calistri V., Colosimo C., Carmellini M., et al. Diffusion tensor imaging in patients with primary cervical dystonia and in patients with blepharospasm. Eur J Neurol 2008, 15:185-189.
34. Gerwig M., Kolb F.P., Timmann D. The involvement of the human cerebellum in eyeblink conditioning. Cerebellum 2007, 6:38-57.
35. Ghilardi M.F., Carbon M., Silvestri G., Dhawan V., Tagliati M., Bressman S., et al. Impaired sequence learning in carriers of the DYT1 dystonia mutation. Ann Neurol 2003, 54:102-109.
36. Gilio F., Curra A., Inghilleri M., Lorenzano C., Suppa A., Manfredi M., et al. Abnormalities of motor cortex excitability preceding movement in patients with dystonia. Brain 2003, 126:1745-1754.
37. Grey E.G. Studies on the localization of cerebellar tumors: the position of the head and suboccipital discomforts. Ann Surg 1916, 63:129-139.
38. Grill S.E., Hallett M., McShane L.M. Timing of onset of afferent responses and of use of kinesthetic information for control of movement in normal and cerebellar-impaired subjects. Exp Brain Res 1997, 113:33-47.
39. Holton J.L., Schneider S.A., Ganesharajah T., Gandhi S., Strand C., Shashidharan P., et al. Neuropathology of primary adult-onset dystonia. Neurology 2008, 70:695-699.
40. Horwitz B., Deiber M.P., Ibanez V., Sadato N., Hallett M. Correlations between reaction time and cerebral blood flow during motor preparation. Neuroimage 2000, 12:434-441.
41. Hoshi E., Tremblay L., Feger J., Carras P.L., Strick P.L. The cerebellum communicates with the basal ganglia. Nat Neurosci 2005, 8:1491-1493.
42. Hu X.Y., Wang L., Lui H., Zhang S.Z. Functional magnetic resonance imaging study of writer's cramp. Chin Med J 2006, 119:1263-1271.
43. Ikoma K., Samii A., Mercuri B., Wassermann E.M., Hallett M. Abnormal cortical motor excitability in dystonia. Neurology 1996, 46:1371-1376.
44. Jahanshahi M., Rowe J., Fuller R. Impairment of movement initiation and execution but not preparation in idiopathic dystonia. Exp Brain Res 2001, 140:460-468.
45. Jinnah H.A., Hess E.J., Ledoux M.S., Sharma N., Baxter M.G., Delong M.R. Rodent models for dystonia research: characteristics, evaluation, and utility. Mov Disord 2005, 20:283-292.
46. Kadota H., Nakajima Y., Miyazaki M., Sekiguchi H., Kohno Y., Amako M., et al. An fMARI study of musicians with focal dystonia during tapping tasks. J Neurol 2010, 257:1092-1098.
47. Karimi M., Moerlein S.M., Videen T.O., Luedtke R.R., Taylor M., Mach R.H., et al. Decreased striatal dopamine receptor binding in primary focal dystonia: A D2 or D3 defect?. Mov Disord 2011, 26:100-106.
48. Kassavetis P., Hoffland B.S., Saifee T.A., Bhatia K.P., van de Warrenburg B.P., Rothwell J.C., et al. Cerebellar brain inhibition is decreased in active and surround muscles at the onset of voluntary movement. Exp Brain Res 2011, 10.1007/s00221-011-2575-5.
49. Krauss J.K., Toups E.G., Jankovic J., Grossman R.G. Symptomatic and functional outcome of surgical treatment of cervical dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1997, 63:642-648.
50. Kuoppamaki M., Giunti P., Quinn N., Wood N.W., Bhatia K.P. Slowly progressive cerebellar ataxia and cervical dystonia: clinical presentation of a new form of spinocerebellar ataxia?. Mov Disord 2003, 18:200-206.
51. LeBer I., Clot F., Vercueil L., Camuzat A., Viemont M., Benamar N., et al. Predominant dystonia with marked cerebellar atrophy. Neurology 2006, 67:1769.
52. LeDoux M.S., Lorden J.F., Ervin J.M. Cerebellectomy eliminates the motor syndrome of the genetically dystonic rat. Exp Neurol 1993, 120:302-310.
53. LeDoux M.S., Brady K.A. Secondary cervical dystonia associated with structural lesions of the central nervous system. Mov Disord 2003, 18:60-69.
54. Ledoux M.S. Animal models of dystonia: lessons from a mutant rat. Neurobiol Dis 2011, 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.11.00.
55. Liepert J., Kucinski T., Tuscher O., Pawlas F., Baumer T., Weiller C. Motor cortex excitability after cerebellar infarction. Stroke 2004, 35:2484-2488.
56. Liepert J., Wessel K., Schwenkreis P., Trillenberg P., Otto V., Vorgerd M., et al. Reduced intracortical facilitation in patients with cerebellar degeneration. Acta Neurol Scand 1998, 98:318-323.
57. Lynch J.C., Hoover J.E., Strick P.L. Input to the primate frontal eye field from the substantia nigra, superior colliculus, and dentate nucleus demonstrated by transneuronal transport. Exp Brain Res 1994, 100:181-186.
58. Meunier S., Lourenco G., Roze E., Apartis E., Trocello J.M., Vidailhet M. Cortical excitability in DYT-11 positive myoclonus dystonia. Mov Disord 2008, 23:761-764.
59. Middleton F.A., Strick P.L. Cerebellar projections to the prefrontal cortex of the primate. J Neurosci 2001, 21:700-712.
60. Middleton F.A., Strick P.L. The cerebellum: an overview. Trends Cogn Sci 1998, 2:305-306.
61. Molinari M., Chiricozzi F.R., Clausi S., Tedesco A.M., De Lisa M., Leggio M.G. Cerebellum and detection of sequences, from perception to cognition. Cerebellum 2008, 7:611-615.
62. Münchau A., Dressler D., Bhatia K.P., Vogel P., Zühlke C. Machado-Joseph disease presenting as severe generalised dystonia in a German patient. J Neurol 1999, 246:840-842.
63. Murase N., Duque J., Mazzocchio R., Cohen L.G. Influence of interhemispheric interactions on motor function in chronic stroke. Ann Neurol 2004, 55:400-409.
64. Naumann M., Pirker W., Reiners K., Lange K.W., Becker G., Brucke T. Imaging the pre- and postsynaptic side of striatal dopaminergic synapses in idiopathic cervical dystonia: a SPECT study using [123I] epidepride and [123I] beta-CIT. Mov Disord 1998, 13:319-323.
65. Neychev V.K., Fan X., Mitev V.I., Hess E.J., Jinnah H.A. The basal ganglia and cerebellum interact in the expression of dystonic movement. Brain 2008, 131:2499-2509.
66. Niethammer M., Carbon M., Argyelan M., Eidelberg D. Hereditary dystonia as a neurodevelopmental circuit disorder: Evidence from neuroimaging. Neurobiol Dis 2011, 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.10.01.
67. Obermann M., Yaldizli O., De Greiff A., Lachenmayer M.L., Buhl A.R., Tumcczak F., et al. Morphometric changes of sensorimotor structures in focal dystonia. Mov Disord 2007, 22:1117-1123.
68. Obermann M., Vollrath C., de Greiff A., Gizewski E.R., Diner H.C., Hallett M., et al. Sensory disinhibition on passive movement in cervical dystonia. Mov Disord 2010, 25:2627-2633.
69. Oechsner M., Zangemeister W.H. Prolonged postexcitatory inhibition after transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in patients with cerebellar ataxia. J Neurol Sci 1999, 168:107-111.
70. O'Rourke K., O'Riordan S., Gallagher J., Hutchinson M. Paroxysmal torticollis and blepharospasm following bilateral cerebellar infarction. J Neurol 2006, 253:1644-1645.
71. Perlmutter J.S., Stambuk M.K., Markham J., Black K.J., McGee-Minnich L., Jankovic J., et al. Decreased [18F]spiperone binding in putamen in idiopathic focal dystonia. J Neurosci 1997, 17:843-850.
72. Pizoli C.E., Jinnah H.A., Billingsley M.L., Hess E.J. Abnormal cerebellar signaling induces dystonia in mice. J Neurosci 2002, 22:7825-7833.
73. Pong M., Horn K.M., Gibson A.R. Pathways for control of face and neck musculature by the basal ganglia and cerebellum. Brain Res Rev 2008, 58:249-264.
74. Preibisch C., Berg D., Hofmann E., Solymosi L., Naumann M. Cerebral activation patterns in patients with writer's cramp: a functional magnetic resonance imaging study. J Neurol 2001, 248:10-17.
75. Prevosto V., Graf W., Ugolini G. Cerebellar inputs to intraparietal cortex areas LIP and MIP: functional frameworks for adaptive control of eye movements, reaching, and arm/eye/head movement coordination. Cereb Cortex 2010, 20:214-228.
76. Pisani Quartarone A. Abnormal plasticity in dystonia: disruption of synaptic homeostasis. Neurobiol Dis 2011, 10.1016/j.nbd.2010.12.01.
77. Ridding M.C., Sheean G., Rothwell J.C., Inzelberg R., Kujirai T. Changes in the balance between motor cortical excitation and inhibition in focal, task specific dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1995, 59:493-498.
78. Rumbach L., Barth P., Costaz A., Mas J. Hemidystonia consequent upon ipsilateral vertebral artery occlusion and cerebellar infarction. Mov Disord 1995, 10:522-525.
79. Saito Y., Yokota T., Yuasa T. Suppression of motor cortical excitability by magnetic stimulation of the cerebellum. Brain Res 1995, 694:200-206.
80. Schwenkreis P., Tegenthoff M., Witscher K., Bornke C., Przuntek H., Malin J.P., et al. Motor cortex activation by transcranial magnetic stimulation in ataxia patients depends on the genetic defect. Brain 2002, 125:301-309.
81. Sen P.N., Basser P.J. Modeling diffusion in white matter in the brain: a composite porous medium. Magn Reson Imaging 2005, 23:215-220.
82. Siebner H.R., Tormos J.M., Ceballos-Baumann A.O., Auer C., Catala M.D., Conrad B., et al. Low-frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the motor cortex in writer's cramp. Neurology 1999, 52:529-537.
83. Simonyan K., Ludlow C.L. Abnormal activation for the primary somatosensory cortex in spasmodic dysphonia: an fMRI study. Cereb Cortex 2010, 20:2749-2759.
84. Sohn Y.H., Hallett M. Disturbed surround inhibition in focal hand dystonia. Ann Neurol 2004, 56:595-599.
85. Sohn Y.H., Hallett M. Surround inhibition in human motor system. Exp Brain Res 2004, 158:397-404.
86. Sommer M., Grafman J., Clark K., Hallett M. Learning in Parkinson's disease: eyeblink conditioning, declarative learning, and procedural learning. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1999, 67:27-34.
87. Standaert D.G. Update on the pathology of dystonia. Neurobiol Dis. 2011, 10.1016/j.nbd.2011.01.01.
88. Talelli P., Hoffland B.S., Edwards M.J., Bhatia K.P., et al. A distinctive pattern of cortical excitability in patients with the syndrome of Dystonia and Cerebellar Ataxia. Clin Neurophysiol 2011, 10.1016/j.clinph.2011.02.02.
89. Tamburin S., Fiaschi A., Marani S., Andreoli A., Manganotti P., Zanette G. Enhanced intracortical inhibition in cerebellar patients. J Neurol Sci 2004, 217:205-210.
90. Teo J.T., Schneider S.A., Cheeran B.J., Fernandez-del-Olmo M., Giunti P., Rothwell J.C., et al. Prolonged cortical silent period but normal sensorimotor plasticity in spinocerebellar ataxia 6. Mov Disord 2008, 23:378-385.
91. Teo J.T., van de Warrenburg B.P., Schneider S.A., Rothwell J.C., Bhatia K.P. Neurophysiological evidence for cerebellar dysfunction in primary focal dystonia. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009, 80:80-83.
92. Ugawa Y., Uesaka Y., Terao Y., Hanajima R., Kanazawa I. Magnetic stimulation over the cerebellum in humans. Ann Neurol 1995, 37:703-713.
93. van de Warrenburg B.P., Giunti P., Schneider S.A., Quinn N.P., Wood N.W., Bhatia K.P. The syndrome of (predominantly cervical) dystonia and cerebellar ataxia: new cases indicate a distinct but heterogeneous entity. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2007, 78:774-775.
94. Van Gaalen J, Giunti P, van de Warrenburg BP. Movement disorders in spinocerebellar ataxias. Mov Disord 2011. doi:. doi:10.1002/mds.23584.
95. Wakamori M., Yamazaki K., Matsunodaira H., Teramoto T., Tanaka I., Niidome T., et al. Single tottering mutations responsible for the neuropathic phenotype of the P-type calcium channel. J Biol Chem 1998, 273:34857-34867.
96. Waln O., LeDoux M.S. Delayed-onset oromandibular dystonia after a cerebellar hemorrhagic stroke. Parkinsonism Relat Disord 2010, 16:623-625.
97. Wessel K., Tegenthoff M., Vorgerd M., Otto V., Nitschke M.F., Malin J.P. Enhancement of inhibitory mechanisms in the motor cortex of patients with cerebellar degeneration: a study with transcranial magnetic brain stimulation. Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 1996, 101:273-280.
98. Wu C.C., Fairhall S.L., McNair N.A., Hamm J.P., Kirk I.J., Cunnington R., et al. Impaired sensorimotor integration in focal hand dystonia patients in the absence of symptoms. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2010, 81:659-665.
99. Yeo C.H., Hesslow G. Cerebellum and conditioned reflexes. Trends Cogn Sci 1998, 2:322-330.