메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 14, Issue 3, 2004, Pages 507-516

Clinical applications of MR spectroscopy in epilepsy

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

4 AMINOBUTYRIC ACID; GLUTAMIC ACID; GLUTAMINE; N ACETYLASPARTIC ACID;

EID: 8444245537     PISSN: 10525149     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.nic.2004.04.010     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (25)

References (97)
  • 2
    • 0037066001 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 1H MRSI predicts surgical outcome in MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Suhy J., et al. 1H MRSI predicts surgical outcome in MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology. 58(5):2002;821-823
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , Issue.5 , pp. 821-823
    • Suhy, J.1
  • 3
    • 0034466320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The significance of bilateral CSI changes for the postoperative outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Eberhardt K.E., et al. The significance of bilateral CSI changes for the postoperative outcome in temporal lobe epilepsy. J Comput Assist Tomogr. 24(6):2000;919-926
    • (2000) J Comput Assist Tomogr , vol.24 , Issue.6 , pp. 919-926
    • Eberhardt, K.E.1
  • 4
    • 0006375584 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral metabolic studies in vivo by 31P NMR
    • Prichard J.W., et al. Cerebral metabolic studies in vivo by 31P NMR. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 80:1983;2748-2751
    • (1983) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.80 , pp. 2748-2751
    • Prichard, J.W.1
  • 5
    • 0021139111 scopus 로고
    • In vivo phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in status epilepticus
    • Petroff O.A., et al. In vivo phosphorus nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy in status epilepticus. Ann Neurol. 16:1984;169-177
    • (1984) Ann Neurol , vol.16 , pp. 169-177
    • Petroff, O.A.1
  • 6
    • 0022479286 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral metabolic effects of neonatal seizures measured with in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy
    • Younkin D.P., et al. Cerebral metabolic effects of neonatal seizures measured with in vivo 31P NMR spectroscopy. Ann Neurol. 20:1986;513-519
    • (1986) Ann Neurol , vol.20 , pp. 513-519
    • Younkin, D.P.1
  • 7
    • 0023614012 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral lactate elevation by electroshock: A 1H magnetic resonance study
    • Prichard J.W., et al. Cerebral lactate elevation by electroshock: a 1H magnetic resonance study. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 508:1987;54-63
    • (1987) Ann N Y Acad Sci , vol.508 , pp. 54-63
    • Prichard, J.W.1
  • 8
    • 0026756109 scopus 로고
    • Cerebral lactate turnover after electroshock: In vivo measurements by 1H/13C MRS
    • Petroff O., et al. Cerebral lactate turnover after electroshock: in vivo measurements by 1H/13C MRS. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 12(6):1992;1022-1029
    • (1992) J Cereb Blood Flow Metab , vol.12 , Issue.6 , pp. 1022-1029
    • Petroff, O.1
  • 9
    • 0032796301 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Postictal in situ MRS brain lactate in the rat kindling model
    • Maton B.M., et al. Postictal in situ MRS brain lactate in the rat kindling model. Neurology. 53(9):1999;2045-2052
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.9 , pp. 2045-2052
    • Maton, B.M.1
  • 10
    • 0027952561 scopus 로고
    • Lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy based on regional metabolic abnormalities in proton MRS
    • Cendes F., et al. Lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy based on regional metabolic abnormalities in proton MRS. Ann Neurol. 35:1994;211-216
    • (1994) Ann Neurol , vol.35 , pp. 211-216
    • Cendes, F.1
  • 11
    • 0030771675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging volumetry in the lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy: A series of 100 patients
    • Cendes F., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging and magnetic resonance imaging volumetry in the lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy: a series of 100 patients. Ann Neurol. 42(5):1997;737-746
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , Issue.5 , pp. 737-746
    • Cendes, F.1
  • 12
    • 0029154285 scopus 로고
    • Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of human temporal lobe epilepsy at 4.1 T
    • Hetherington H., et al. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging of human temporal lobe epilepsy at 4.1 T. Ann Neurol. 38(3):1995;396-404
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.38 , Issue.3 , pp. 396-404
    • Hetherington, H.1
  • 13
    • 0027519313 scopus 로고
    • Neuron loss localizes human temporal lobe epilepsy by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
    • Hugg J.W., et al. Neuron loss localizes human temporal lobe epilepsy by in vivo proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Ann Neurol. 34:1993;788-794
    • (1993) Ann Neurol , vol.34 , pp. 788-794
    • Hugg, J.W.1
  • 14
    • 0033922924 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and discrimination of TLE from extra-TLE using pattern analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopic and volumetric data
    • Li L.M., et al. Lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) and discrimination of TLE from extra-TLE using pattern analysis of magnetic resonance spectroscopic and volumetric data. Epilepsia. 41(7):2000;832-842
    • (2000) Epilepsia , vol.41 , Issue.7 , pp. 832-842
    • Li, L.M.1
  • 15
    • 0030050287 scopus 로고
    • Proton MRS in children with temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Cross H., et al. Proton MRS in children with temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 39:1995;107-113
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 107-113
    • Cross, H.1
  • 16
    • 0031710208 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton spectroscopy in children with epilepsy and febrile convulsions
    • Holopainen I.E., et al. Proton spectroscopy in children with epilepsy and febrile convulsions. Pediatr Neurol. 19(2):1998;93-99
    • (1998) Pediatr Neurol , vol.19 , Issue.2 , pp. 93-99
    • Holopainen, I.E.1
  • 17
    • 0034565209 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton MRS: N-acetyl aspartate, creatine, and choline
    • Maton B.M., Kuzniecky R.I. Proton MRS: N-acetyl aspartate, creatine, and choline. Adv Neurol. 83:2000;253-259
    • (2000) Adv Neurol , vol.83 , pp. 253-259
    • Maton, B.M.1    Kuzniecky, R.I.2
  • 18
    • 0031813923 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: An emerging technology in pediatric neurology research
    • Novotny E., Ashwal S., Shevell M. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy: an emerging technology in pediatric neurology research. Pediatr Res. 44(1):1998;1-10
    • (1998) Pediatr Res , vol.44 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-10
    • Novotny, E.1    Ashwal, S.2    Shevell, M.3
  • 19
    • 0034991968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance imaging of multiple sclerosis: New insights linking pathology to clinical evolution
    • Matthews P.M., Arnold D.L. Magnetic resonance imaging of multiple sclerosis: new insights linking pathology to clinical evolution. Curr Opin Neurol. 14(3):2001;279-287
    • (2001) Curr Opin Neurol , vol.14 , Issue.3 , pp. 279-287
    • Matthews, P.M.1    Arnold, D.L.2
  • 20
    • 0031594944 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relative utility of 1H spectroscopic imaging and hippocampal volumetry in the lateralization of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Kuzniecky R., et al. Relative utility of 1H spectroscopic imaging and hippocampal volumetry in the lateralization of mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology. 51(1):1998;66-71
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 66-71
    • Kuzniecky, R.1
  • 21
    • 0031867906 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Connelly A., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in MRI-negative temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology. 51(1):1998;61-66
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , Issue.1 , pp. 61-66
    • Connelly, A.1
  • 22
    • 0344286501 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localized proton MRS of the human hippocampus: Metabolite concentrations and relaxation times
    • Choi C., Frahm D. Localized proton MRS of the human hippocampus: metabolite concentrations and relaxation times. Magn Reson Imaging. 41:1999;204-207
    • (1999) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.41 , pp. 204-207
    • Choi, C.1    Frahm, D.2
  • 23
    • 0029890615 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Duncan J. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Epilepsia. 37(7):1996;598-605
    • (1996) Epilepsia , vol.37 , Issue.7 , pp. 598-605
    • Duncan, J.1
  • 24
    • 0033094663 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton chemical shift imaging of the hippocampus in patients with complex partial seizures
    • Hsu Y.Y., et al. Proton chemical shift imaging of the hippocampus in patients with complex partial seizures. Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi. 22(1):1999;68-75
    • (1999) Changgeng Yi Xue Za Zhi , vol.22 , Issue.1 , pp. 68-75
    • Hsu, Y.Y.1
  • 25
    • 0030741907 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clinical applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy
    • Laxer K.D. Clinical applications of magnetic resonance spectroscopy. Epilepsia. 38(Suppl 4):1997;S13-S17
    • (1997) Epilepsia , vol.38 , Issue.SUPPL. 4
    • Laxer, K.D.1
  • 26
    • 0035954337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative magnetic resonance characterization of mesial temporal sclerosis in childhood
    • Scott R.C., et al. Quantitative magnetic resonance characterization of mesial temporal sclerosis in childhood. Neurology. 56(12):2001;1659-1665
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.12 , pp. 1659-1665
    • Scott, R.C.1
  • 27
    • 0030771675 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton MRSI and MRI volumetry in the lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy: A series of 100 patients
    • Cendes F., et al. Proton MRSI and MRI volumetry in the lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy: a series of 100 patients. Ann Neurol. 42:1997;737-746
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 737-746
    • Cendes, F.1
  • 28
    • 0029788662 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Contralateral metabolic recovery following temporal lobectomy
    • Hugg J., et al. Contralateral metabolic recovery following temporal lobectomy. Ann Neurol. 40:1996;236-239
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.40 , pp. 236-239
    • Hugg, J.1
  • 29
    • 0035196838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in temporal lobe epilepsy: Neuronal dysfunction or cell loss?
    • Kuzniecky R., et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in temporal lobe epilepsy: neuronal dysfunction or cell loss? Arch Neurol. 58(12):2001;2048-2053
    • (2001) Arch Neurol , vol.58 , Issue.12 , pp. 2048-2053
    • Kuzniecky, R.1
  • 30
    • 0036456756 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging suggests progressive neuronal damage in human temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Bernasconi A., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging suggests progressive neuronal damage in human temporal lobe epilepsy. Prog Brain Res. 135:2002;297-304
    • (2002) Prog Brain Res , vol.135 , pp. 297-304
    • Bernasconi, A.1
  • 31
    • 0035096882 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Time course of postoperative recovery of N-acetyl-aspartate in temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Serles W., et al. Time course of postoperative recovery of N-acetyl-aspartate in temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 42(2):2001;190-197
    • (2001) Epilepsia , vol.42 , Issue.2 , pp. 190-197
    • Serles, W.1
  • 32
    • 0035950725 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of (1)H MRS, PET and EEG in lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy [in Chinese]
    • He H., Shen T., Chen X. Comparison of (1)H MRS, PET and EEG in lateralization of temporal lobe epilepsy [in Chinese]. Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi. 81(20):2001;1242-1245
    • (2001) Zhonghua Yi Xue Za Zhi , vol.81 , Issue.20 , pp. 1242-1245
    • He, H.1    Shen, T.2    Chen, X.3
  • 33
    • 0031438281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presurgical multimodality neuroimaging in EEG lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Knowlton R., et al. Presurgical multimodality neuroimaging in EEG lateralized temporal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 42:1997;829-837
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.42 , pp. 829-837
    • Knowlton, R.1
  • 34
    • 0031890017 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in patients with extratemporal epilepsy
    • Stanley J.A., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in patients with extratemporal epilepsy. Epilepsia. 39(3):1998;267-273
    • (1998) Epilepsia , vol.39 , Issue.3 , pp. 267-273
    • Stanley, J.A.1
  • 35
    • 0032701405 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • EEG background delta activity in temporal lobe epilepsy: Correlation with volumetric and spectroscopic imaging
    • Bernasconi A., et al. EEG background delta activity in temporal lobe epilepsy: correlation with volumetric and spectroscopic imaging. Epilepsia. 40(11):1999;1580-1586
    • (1999) Epilepsia , vol.40 , Issue.11 , pp. 1580-1586
    • Bernasconi, A.1
  • 36
    • 0033059273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short echo time single-voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in magnetic resonance imaging-negative temporal lobe epilepsy: Different biochemical profile compared with hippocampal sclerosis
    • Woermann F.G., et al. Short echo time single-voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in magnetic resonance imaging-negative temporal lobe epilepsy: different biochemical profile compared with hippocampal sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 45(3):1999;369-376
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.45 , Issue.3 , pp. 369-376
    • Woermann, F.G.1
  • 37
    • 0036799570 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reduced extrahippocampal NAA in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Mueller S.G., et al. Reduced extrahippocampal NAA in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 43(10):2002;1210-1216
    • (2002) Epilepsia , vol.43 , Issue.10 , pp. 1210-1216
    • Mueller, S.G.1
  • 38
    • 0033968317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hippocampal structures: Anteroposterior N-acetylaspartate differences in patients with epilepsy and control subjects as shown with proton MR spectroscopic imaging
    • Vermathen P., et al. Hippocampal structures: anteroposterior N-acetylaspartate differences in patients with epilepsy and control subjects as shown with proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology. 214(2):2000;403-410
    • (2000) Radiology , vol.214 , Issue.2 , pp. 403-410
    • Vermathen, P.1
  • 39
    • 0031017177 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MR Spectroscopy differentiates lactate in complex partial versus absence seizures
    • Cendes F., et al. MR Spectroscopy differentiates lactate in complex partial versus absence seizures. Ann Neurol. 41:1997;74-81
    • (1997) Ann Neurol , vol.41 , pp. 74-81
    • Cendes, F.1
  • 40
    • 0031050909 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Temporal lobe epilepsy: Bilateral hippocampal metabolite changes revealed at proton MR spectroscopic imaging
    • Ende G.R., et al. Temporal lobe epilepsy: bilateral hippocampal metabolite changes revealed at proton MR spectroscopic imaging. Radiology. 202(3):1997;809-817
    • (1997) Radiology , vol.202 , Issue.3 , pp. 809-817
    • Ende, G.R.1
  • 41
    • 0028031101 scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Connelly A., et al. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology. 44(8):1994;1411-1417
    • (1994) Neurology , vol.44 , Issue.8 , pp. 1411-1417
    • Connelly, A.1
  • 42
    • 0025770056 scopus 로고
    • Surgical treatment of limbic epilepsy associated with extrahippocampal lesions: The problem of dual pathology
    • Levesque M., et al. Surgical treatment of limbic epilepsy associated with extrahippocampal lesions: the problem of dual pathology. J Neurosurg. 75:1991;364-370
    • (1991) J Neurosurg , vol.75 , pp. 364-370
    • Levesque, M.1
  • 43
    • 0013950709 scopus 로고
    • Epilepsy and the temporal lobes: A clinical electrographic and neuropathologidal study of the brain in epilepsy, with particular reference to the temporal lobes
    • Margerison J.H., Corsellis J.A.N. Epilepsy and the temporal lobes: a clinical electrographic and neuropathologidal study of the brain in epilepsy, with particular reference to the temporal lobes. Brain. 89:1966;499-530
    • (1966) Brain , vol.89 , pp. 499-530
    • Margerison, J.H.1    Corsellis, J.A.N.2
  • 44
    • 0030967086 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging evidence of bilateral hippocampal atrophy in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Quigg M., et al. Volumetric magnetic resonance imaging evidence of bilateral hippocampal atrophy in mesial temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 38(5):1997;588-594
    • (1997) Epilepsia , vol.38 , Issue.5 , pp. 588-594
    • Quigg, M.1
  • 45
    • 0030767686 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bilateral reductions in hippocampal volume in adults with epilepsy and a history of febrile seizures
    • Barr W.B., Ashtari M., Schaul N. Bilateral reductions in hippocampal volume in adults with epilepsy and a history of febrile seizures. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 63(4):1997;461-467
    • (1997) J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry , vol.63 , Issue.4 , pp. 461-467
    • Barr, W.B.1    Ashtari, M.2    Schaul, N.3
  • 46
    • 0033625123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI spectroscopy, T2 relaxometry, and postoperative prognosis in cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy [in German]
    • Stefan H., et al. MRI spectroscopy, T2 relaxometry, and postoperative prognosis in cryptogenic temporal lobe epilepsy [in German]. Nervenarzt. 71(4):2000;282-287
    • (2000) Nervenarzt , vol.71 , Issue.4 , pp. 282-287
    • Stefan, H.1
  • 47
    • 0033546637 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative MRI in temporal lobe epilepsy: Evidence for fornix atrophy
    • Kuzniecky R., et al. Quantitative MRI in temporal lobe epilepsy: evidence for fornix atrophy. Neurology. 53(3):1999;496-501
    • (1999) Neurology , vol.53 , Issue.3 , pp. 496-501
    • Kuzniecky, R.1
  • 48
    • 0031299357 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo: Applications in neurological disorders
    • Arnold D.L., De Stefano N. Magnetic resonance spectroscopy in vivo: applications in neurological disorders. Ital J Neurol Sci. 18(6):1997;321-329
    • (1997) Ital J Neurol Sci , vol.18 , Issue.6 , pp. 321-329
    • Arnold, D.L.1    De Stefano, N.2
  • 49
    • 0030881994 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in regional cerebral blood flow beyond the temporal lobe in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Rabinowicz A.L., et al. Changes in regional cerebral blood flow beyond the temporal lobe in unilateral temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 38(9):1997;1011-1014
    • (1997) Epilepsia , vol.38 , Issue.9 , pp. 1011-1014
    • Rabinowicz, A.L.1
  • 50
    • 0029018947 scopus 로고
    • Imaging of axonal damage in vivo in Rasmussen's syndrome
    • Cendes F., et al. Imaging of axonal damage in vivo in Rasmussen's syndrome. Brain. 118(Pt 3):1995;753-758
    • (1995) Brain , vol.118 , Issue.3 PART , pp. 753-758
    • Cendes, F.1
  • 51
    • 0033979527 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of temporal lobe white matter in patients with histologically proven hippocampal sclerosis
    • Meiners L.C., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy of temporal lobe white matter in patients with histologically proven hippocampal sclerosis. J Magn Reson Imaging. 11(1):2000;25-31
    • (2000) J Magn Reson Imaging , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-31
    • Meiners, L.C.1
  • 53
    • 0033848981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo measurements of glutamine + glutamate (Glx) and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels in human partial epilepsy
    • Savic I., et al. In vivo measurements of glutamine + glutamate (Glx) and N-acetyl aspartate (NAA) levels in human partial epilepsy. Acta Neurol Scand. 102(3):2000;179-188
    • (2000) Acta Neurol Scand , vol.102 , Issue.3 , pp. 179-188
    • Savic, I.1
  • 54
    • 0028797081 scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy
    • Garcia P.A., et al. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging in patients with frontal lobe epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 37(2):1995;279-281
    • (1995) Ann Neurol , vol.37 , Issue.2 , pp. 279-281
    • Garcia, P.A.1
  • 55
    • 0035021334 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in brain tumours: Clinical applications
    • Burtscher I.M., Holtas S. Proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy in brain tumours: clinical applications. Neuroradiology. 43(5):2001;345-352
    • (2001) Neuroradiology , vol.43 , Issue.5 , pp. 345-352
    • Burtscher, I.M.1    Holtas, S.2
  • 56
    • 0032977077 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metabolic changes in neuronal migration disorders: Evaluation by combined MRI and proton MR spectroscopy
    • Simone I.L., et al. Metabolic changes in neuronal migration disorders: evaluation by combined MRI and proton MR spectroscopy. Epilepsia. 40(7):1999;872-879
    • (1999) Epilepsia , vol.40 , Issue.7 , pp. 872-879
    • Simone, I.L.1
  • 57
    • 0030960661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton spectroscopic imaging at 4.1 tesla in patients with malformations of cortical development and epilepsy
    • Kuzniecky R., et al. Proton spectroscopic imaging at 4.1 tesla in patients with malformations of cortical development and epilepsy. Neurology. 48(4):1997;1018-1024
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 1018-1024
    • Kuzniecky, R.1
  • 58
    • 0028965925 scopus 로고
    • Epilepsia partialis continua associated with NADH-coenzyme Q reductase deficiency
    • Antozzi C., et al. Epilepsia partialis continua associated with NADH-coenzyme Q reductase deficiency. J Neurol Sci. 129(2):1995;152-161
    • (1995) J Neurol Sci , vol.129 , Issue.2 , pp. 152-161
    • Antozzi, C.1
  • 59
    • 0030960661 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Proton MRSI at 4.1T in patients with malformations of cortical development
    • Kuzniecky R., et al. Proton MRSI at 4.1T in patients with malformations of cortical development. Neurology. 48:1997;1018-1024
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 1018-1024
    • Kuzniecky, R.1
  • 60
    • 0031942865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal metabolic dysfunction in patients with cortical developmental malformations: A proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study
    • Li L.M., et al. Neuronal metabolic dysfunction in patients with cortical developmental malformations: a proton magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging study. Neurology. 50(3):1998;755-759
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , Issue.3 , pp. 755-759
    • Li, L.M.1
  • 61
    • 0031923585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Regional distribution of interictal 31P metabolic changes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy
    • van der Grond J., et al. Regional distribution of interictal 31P metabolic changes in patients with temporal lobe epilepsy. Epilepsia. 39(5):1998;527-536
    • (1998) Epilepsia , vol.39 , Issue.5 , pp. 527-536
    • Van Der Grond, J.1
  • 62
    • 0034564407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phosphorus MRS: PH, ATP, PCr
    • Laxer K.D. Phosphorus MRS: pH, ATP, PCr. Adv Neurol. 83:2000;273-277
    • (2000) Adv Neurol , vol.83 , pp. 273-277
    • Laxer, K.D.1
  • 63
    • 0029792553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Is the intracellular pH different from normal in the epileptic focus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy? A 31P NMR study
    • Chu W., et al. Is the intracellular pH different from normal in the epileptic focus of patients with temporal lobe epilepsy? A 31P NMR study. Neurology. 47:1996;756-760
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.47 , pp. 756-760
    • Chu, W.1
  • 64
    • 0006865085 scopus 로고
    • Proton NMR studies of brain metabolism
    • Gadian D.G. Proton NMR studies of brain metabolism. Phil Trans R Soc Lond A. 333:1990;561-570
    • (1990) Phil Trans R Soc Lond a , vol.333 , pp. 561-570
    • Gadian, D.G.1
  • 65
    • 0031754435 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Lateralization of human temporal lobe epilepsy by 31P NMR spectroscopic imaging at 4.1 T
    • Chu W.J., et al. Lateralization of human temporal lobe epilepsy by 31P NMR spectroscopic imaging at 4.1 T. Neurology. 51(2):1998;472-479
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.51 , Issue.2 , pp. 472-479
    • Chu, W.J.1
  • 66
    • 0026786962 scopus 로고
    • Lateralization of human focal epilepsy by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging
    • Hugg J.W., et al. Lateralization of human focal epilepsy by 31P magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging. Neurology. 42(10):1992;2011-2018
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , Issue.10 , pp. 2011-2018
    • Hugg, J.W.1
  • 67
    • 0026612290 scopus 로고
    • In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human temporal lobe epilepsy
    • Kuzniecky R., et al. In vivo 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy of human temporal lobe epilepsy. Neurology. 42(8):1992;1586-1590
    • (1992) Neurology , vol.42 , Issue.8 , pp. 1586-1590
    • Kuzniecky, R.1
  • 68
    • 0026753637 scopus 로고
    • Phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of normal and pathological human brains
    • Hugg J.W., et al. Phosphorus-31 MR spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) of normal and pathological human brains. Magn Reson Imaging. 10(2):1992;227-243
    • (1992) Magn Reson Imaging , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 227-243
    • Hugg, J.W.1
  • 69
    • 0033227696 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroactive amino acids in focally epileptic human brain: A review
    • Sherwin A.L. Neuroactive amino acids in focally epileptic human brain: a review. Neurochem Res. 24(11):1999;1387-1395
    • (1999) Neurochem Res , vol.24 , Issue.11 , pp. 1387-1395
    • Sherwin, A.L.1
  • 70
    • 0029592665 scopus 로고
    • Glutamate, GABA and epilepsy
    • Bradford H.F. Glutamate, GABA and epilepsy. Prog Neurobiol. 47(6):1995;477-511
    • (1995) Prog Neurobiol , vol.47 , Issue.6 , pp. 477-511
    • Bradford, H.F.1
  • 71
    • 0037112230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroscience. GABA becomes exciting
    • Kohling R. Neuroscience. GABA becomes exciting. Science. 298(5597):2002;1350-1351
    • (2002) Science , vol.298 , Issue.5597 , pp. 1350-1351
    • Kohling, R.1
  • 72
    • 0027335880 scopus 로고
    • Localized 1H NMR measurements of gamma-aminobutyric acid in human brain in vivo
    • Rothman D.L., et al. Localized 1H NMR measurements of gamma-aminobutyric acid in human brain in vivo. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 90(12):1993;5662-5666
    • (1993) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.90 , Issue.12 , pp. 5662-5666
    • Rothman, D.L.1
  • 73
    • 0032588959 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Localized 1H NMR measurements of 2-pyrrolidinone in human brain in vivo
    • Hyder F., et al. Localized 1H NMR measurements of 2-pyrrolidinone in human brain in vivo. Magn Reson Med. 41(5):1999;889-896
    • (1999) Magn Reson Med , vol.41 , Issue.5 , pp. 889-896
    • Hyder, F.1
  • 74
    • 0036191189 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • In vivo GABA editing using a novel doubly selective multiple quantum filter
    • Shen J., Rothman D.L., Brown P. In vivo GABA editing using a novel doubly selective multiple quantum filter. Magn Reson Med. 47(3):2002;447-454
    • (2002) Magn Reson Med , vol.47 , Issue.3 , pp. 447-454
    • Shen, J.1    Rothman, D.L.2    Brown, P.3
  • 75
    • 0036771648 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA X2 multiplet measured pre- and post-administration of vigabatrin in human brain
    • Hanstock C.C., Coupland N.J., Allen P.S. GABA X2 multiplet measured pre- and post-administration of vigabatrin in human brain. Magn Reson Med. 48(4):2002;617-623
    • (2002) Magn Reson Med , vol.48 , Issue.4 , pp. 617-623
    • Hanstock, C.C.1    Coupland, N.J.2    Allen, P.S.3
  • 76
    • 0036233685 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Direct in vivo measurement of human cerebral GABA concentration using MEGA-editing at 7 Tesla
    • Terpstra M., Ugurbil K., Gruetter R. Direct in vivo measurement of human cerebral GABA concentration using MEGA-editing at 7 Tesla. Magn Reson Med. 47(5):2002;1009-1012
    • (2002) Magn Reson Med , vol.47 , Issue.5 , pp. 1009-1012
    • Terpstra, M.1    Ugurbil, K.2    Gruetter, R.3
  • 77
    • 0031982542 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The photosensitive epilepsy of the baboon. A model of generalized reflex epilepsy
    • Menini C., Silva-Barrat C. The photosensitive epilepsy of the baboon. A model of generalized reflex epilepsy. Adv Neurol. 75:1998;29-47
    • (1998) Adv Neurol , vol.75 , pp. 29-47
    • Menini, C.1    Silva-Barrat, C.2
  • 78
    • 0022654845 scopus 로고
    • Cerebrospinal fluid amino acid and monoamine metabolite levels of Papio papio: Correlation with photosensitivity
    • Lloyd K.G., et al. Cerebrospinal fluid amino acid and monoamine metabolite levels of Papio papio: correlation with photosensitivity. Brain Res. 363(2):1986;390-394
    • (1986) Brain Res , vol.363 , Issue.2 , pp. 390-394
    • Lloyd, K.G.1
  • 79
    • 0031961971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Reflex seizures induced by intermittent light stimulation
    • Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite D.G. Reflex seizures induced by intermittent light stimulation. Adv Neurol. 75:1998;99-121
    • (1998) Adv Neurol , vol.75 , pp. 99-121
    • Kasteleijn-Nolst Trenite, D.G.1
  • 80
    • 0023636539 scopus 로고
    • A comparison of the acute effect of single doses of vigabatrin and sodium valproate on photosensitivity in epileptic patients
    • Rimmer E.M., Milligan N.M., Richens A. A comparison of the acute effect of single doses of vigabatrin and sodium valproate on photosensitivity in epileptic patients. Epilepsy Res. 1(6):1987;339-346
    • (1987) Epilepsy Res , vol.1 , Issue.6 , pp. 339-346
    • Rimmer, E.M.1    Milligan, N.M.2    Richens, A.3
  • 81
    • 0035957297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Homocarnosine and seizure control in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and complex partial seizures
    • Petroff O.A., et al. Homocarnosine and seizure control in juvenile myoclonic epilepsy and complex partial seizures. Neurology. 56(6):2001;709-715
    • (2001) Neurology , vol.56 , Issue.6 , pp. 709-715
    • Petroff, O.A.1
  • 83
    • 0026763298 scopus 로고
    • Changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid and somatostatin in epileptic cortex associated with low-grade gliomas
    • Haglund M.M., et al. Changes in gamma-aminobutyric acid and somatostatin in epileptic cortex associated with low-grade gliomas. J Neurosurg. 77(2):1992;209-216
    • (1992) J Neurosurg , vol.77 , Issue.2 , pp. 209-216
    • Haglund, M.M.1
  • 84
    • 0029763912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inhibitory neurons in the human epileptogenic temporal neocortex. An immunocytochemical study
    • Marco P., et al. Inhibitory neurons in the human epileptogenic temporal neocortex. An immunocytochemical study. Brain. 119(Pt 4):1996;1327-1347
    • (1996) Brain , vol.119 , Issue.4 PART , pp. 1327-1347
    • Marco, P.1
  • 85
    • 0344653617 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cortical dysplasia: An immunocytochemical study of three patients
    • Spreafico R., et al. Cortical dysplasia: an immunocytochemical study of three patients. Neurology. 50(1):1998;27-36
    • (1998) Neurology , vol.50 , Issue.1 , pp. 27-36
    • Spreafico, R.1
  • 86
    • 0030052878 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effects of Gabapentin on brain GABA in patients with epilepsy
    • Petroff A., et al. The effects of Gabapentin on brain GABA in patients with epilepsy. Ann Neurol. 39:1996;95-98
    • (1996) Ann Neurol , vol.39 , pp. 95-98
    • Petroff, A.1
  • 87
    • 0012398759 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • MRI volumetric analysis of fornix and mamillary bodies in partial epilepsy
    • Kuzniecky R., et al. MRI volumetric analysis of fornix and mamillary bodies in partial epilepsy. Neurology. 46:1996;211-216
    • (1996) Neurology , vol.46 , pp. 211-216
    • Kuzniecky, R.1
  • 88
    • 0026544324 scopus 로고
    • Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine: Morphological evidence obtained by quantitative immunocytochemistry in rat cerebellum
    • Ottersen O.P., Zhang N., Walberg F. Metabolic compartmentation of glutamate and glutamine: morphological evidence obtained by quantitative immunocytochemistry in rat cerebellum. Neuroscience. 46(3):1992;519-534
    • (1992) Neuroscience , vol.46 , Issue.3 , pp. 519-534
    • Ottersen, O.P.1    Zhang, N.2    Walberg, F.3
  • 89
    • 0035001341 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamate uptake
    • Danbolt N.C. Glutamate uptake. Prog Neurobiol. 65(1):2001;1-105
    • (2001) Prog Neurobiol , vol.65 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-105
    • Danbolt, N.C.1
  • 90
    • 0022568428 scopus 로고
    • Amino acid and catecholamine markers of metabolic abnormalities in human focal epilepsy
    • Sherwin A.L., van Gelder N.M. Amino acid and catecholamine markers of metabolic abnormalities in human focal epilepsy. Adv Neurol. 44:1986;1011-1032
    • (1986) Adv Neurol , vol.44 , pp. 1011-1032
    • Sherwin, A.L.1    Van Gelder, N.M.2
  • 91
    • 0036828818 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuronal and glial metabolite content of the epileptogenic human hippocampus
    • Petroff O.A., et al. Neuronal and glial metabolite content of the epileptogenic human hippocampus. Ann Neurol. 52(5):2002;635-642
    • (2002) Ann Neurol , vol.52 , Issue.5 , pp. 635-642
    • Petroff, O.A.1
  • 92
    • 0033059273 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Short echo time single-voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in magentic resonance imaging-negative temporal lobe epilepsy: Different biochemical profile compared with hippocampal sclerosis
    • Woermann F.G., et al. Short echo time single-voxel 1H magnetic resonance spectroscopy in magentic resonance imaging-negative temporal lobe epilepsy: different biochemical profile compared with hippocampal sclerosis. Ann Neurol. 45:1999;369-376
    • (1999) Ann Neurol , vol.45 , pp. 369-376
    • Woermann, F.G.1
  • 93
    • 0029950976 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of multiple sclerosis by 1H spectroscopic imaging at 4.1 T
    • Pan J.W., et al. Evaluation of multiple sclerosis by 1H spectroscopic imaging at 4.1 T. Magn Reson Med. 36(1):1996;72-77
    • (1996) Magn Reson Med , vol.36 , Issue.1 , pp. 72-77
    • Pan, J.W.1
  • 94
    • 0036892023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • GABA and glutamate in the human brain
    • Petroff O.A. GABA and glutamate in the human brain. Neuroscientist. 8(6):2002;562-573
    • (2002) Neuroscientist , vol.8 , Issue.6 , pp. 562-573
    • Petroff, O.A.1
  • 95
    • 0035940723 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glutamine is the major precursor for GABA synthesis in rat neocortex in vivo following acute GABA-transaminase inhibition
    • Patel A.B., et al. Glutamine is the major precursor for GABA synthesis in rat neocortex in vivo following acute GABA-transaminase inhibition. Brain Res. 919(2):2001;207-220
    • (2001) Brain Res , vol.919 , Issue.2 , pp. 207-220
    • Patel, A.B.1
  • 97
    • 0037065751 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modulation of cerebral GABA by topiramate, lamotrigine, and gabapentin in healthy adults
    • Kuzniecky R., et al. Modulation of cerebral GABA by topiramate, lamotrigine, and gabapentin in healthy adults. Neurology. 58(3):2002;368-372
    • (2002) Neurology , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 368-372
    • Kuzniecky, R.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.