Changes in South Pacific anthropogenic carbon

Global Biogeochemical Cycles

Volumn 25, Issue 4, 2011, Pages

  Waters, Jason F ^a   Millero, Frank J ^a   Sabine, Christopher L ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF MIAMI   (United States)

^b NOAA EARTH SYSTEM RESEARCH LABORATORY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ANNUAL CHANGE; ANTHROPOGENIC CARBON; CROSSOVER POINTS; CRUISE TRACK; MULTIPLE LINEAR REGRESSIONS; NORTH ATLANTIC; NORTH PACIFIC; SUBTROPICAL MODE WATERS; TIMES SERIES; UPTAKE RATE;

LINEAR REGRESSION;

CARBON DIOXIDE;

CARBON CYCLE; CARBON DIOXIDE; DECADAL VARIATION; EMISSION INVENTORY; HUMAN ACTIVITY; MODE WATER; MULTIPLE REGRESSION; PH; SUBTROPICAL REGION; TIME SERIES;

PACIFIC OCEAN; PACIFIC OCEAN (SOUTH);

EID: 83455162366     PISSN: 08866236     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1029/2010GB003988     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Álvarez, M., and C. Gourcuff (2010), Uncoupled transport of chlorofluoro-carbons and anthropogenic carbon in the subpolar North Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 57, 860-868, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2010.03.009.
2. Brewer, P. (1978), Direct observation of the oceanic CO2 increase, Geo-phys. Res. Lett., 5, 997-1000, doi:10.1029/GL005i012p00997.
3. Bullister, J. L., (2011), Atmospheric CFC-11, CFC-12, CFC-113, CCl4 and SF6 histories, http://cdiac.ornl.gov/ftp/oceans/CFC-ATM-Hist/, U.S. Dep. of Energy, Carbon Dioxide Inf. Anal. Cent., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn., doi:10.3334/CDIAC/otg.CFC-Hist.
4. Byrne, R. H., S. Mecking, R. A. Feely, and X. Liu (2010), Direct observations of basin-wide acidification of the North Pacific Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 37, L02601, doi:10.1029/2009GL040999.
5. Caldeira, K., and M. E. Wickett (2003), Oceanography: Anthropogenic carbon and ocean pH, Nature, 425, 365, doi:10.1038/425365a. (Pubitemid 37187256)
6. Chen, C. A., and F. Millero (1979), Gradual increase of oceanic CO2, Nature, 277, 205-206, doi:10.1038/277205a0. (Pubitemid 9113537)
7. Clayton, T. D., and R. H. Byrne (1993), Spectrophotometric seawater pH measurements: Total hydrogen ion concentration scale calibration of m-cresol purple and at-sea results, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 40, 2115-2129, doi:10.1016/0967-0637(93)90048-8. (Pubitemid 24430208)
8. Dickson, A. G., C. L. Sabine, and J. R. Christian (Eds.) (2007), Guide to best practices for ocean CO2 measurements, PICES Special Publication 3, 191 pp., U. S. Dep. of Energy, Carbon Dioxide Inf. Anal. Cent., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn. [Available at http://cdiac.ornl.gov/oceans/Handbook-2007. html.]
9. Doney, S. C., V. J. Fabry, R. A. Feely, and J. A. Kleypas (2009), Ocean acidification: The other CO2 problem, Annu. Rev. Mar. Sci., 1, 169-192, doi:10.1146/annurev.marine.010908.163834.
10. Egleston, E. S., C. L. Sabine, and F. M. M. Morel (2010), Revelle revisited: Buffer factors that quantify the response of ocean chemistry to changes in DIC and alkalinity, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 24, GB1002, doi:10.1029/2008GB003407.
11. Feely, R. A., et al. (2002), In situ calcium carbonate dissolution in the Pacific Ocean, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 16(4), 1144, doi:10.1029/ 2002GB001866.
12. Feely, R. A., C. L. Sabine, K. Lee, W. Berelson, J. Kleypas, V. J. Fabry, and F. J. Millero (2004), Impact of anthropogenic CO2 on the CaCO3 system in the oceans, Science, 305, 362-366, doi:10.1126/science.1097329. (Pubitemid 38938146)
13. Feely, R. A., T. Takahashi, R. Wanninkhof, M. J. McPhaden, C. E. Cosca, S. C. Sutherland, and M.-E. Carr (2006), Decadal variability of the air-sea CO2 fluxes in the equatorial Pacific Ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C08S90, doi:10.1029/2005JC003129.
14. Friis, K., A. Körtzinger, J. Pätsch, and D. W. R. Wallace (2005), On the temporal increase of anthropogenic CO2 in the subpolar North Atlantic, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 52, 681-698, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2004.11.017. (Pubitemid 40406318)
15. Gattuso, J. P., M. Frankignoulle, and R. Wollast (1998), Carbon and carbonate metabolism in coastal aquatic ecosystems, Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst., 29, 405-434, doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.29.1.405. (Pubitemid 29033038)
16. González-Dávila, M., M. Santana-Casiano, and E. González-Dávila (2007), Interannual variability of the upper ocean carbon cycle in the northeast Atlantic Ocean, Geophys. Res. Lett., 34, L07608, doi:10.1029/2006GL028145. (Pubitemid 46957887)
17. Goyet, C., R. I. Gonçcalves, and F. Touratier (2009), Anthropogenic carbon distribution in the eastern South Pacific Ocean, Biogeosciences, 6, 149-156, doi:10.5194/bg-6-149-2009.
18. Gruber, N., J. Sarmiento, and T. Stocker (1996), An improved method for detecting anthropogenic CO2 in the oceans, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 10, 809-837, doi:10.1029/96GB01608.
19. Hall, T. M., T. W. N. Haine, and D. W. Waugh (2002), Inferring the concentration of anthropogenic carbon in the ocean from tracers, Global Biogeochem. Cycles., 16(4), 1131, doi:10.1028/2001GB001835.
20. Hall, T. M., D. W. Waugh, T. W. Haine, P. E. Robbins, and S. Khatiwala (2004), Estimates of anthropogenic carbon in the Indian Ocean with allowance for mixing and time-varying air-sea CO2 disequilibrium, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 18, GB1031, doi:10.1029/2003GB002120.
21. Hartin, C. A., R. A. Fine, B. M. Sloyan, L. D. Talley, T. K. Chereskin, and J. Happel (2011), Formation rates of Subantarctic mode water and Antarctic intermediate water within the South Pacific, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 58, 524-534, doi:10.1016/j.dsr.2011.02.010.
22. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) (2007), Climate Change 2007: Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Fourth Assessment Report of the IPCC, edited by S. Solomon et al., pp. 128-234, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
23. Johnson, K. M., J. Sieburth, P. Williams, and L. Brandstrom (1987), Coulometric total carbon dioxide analysis for marine studies: Automation and calibration, Mar. Chem., 21, 117-133, doi:10.1016/0304-4203(87) 90033-8.
24. Khatiwala, S., F. Primeau, and T. Hall (2009), Reconstruction of the history of anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the ocean, Nature, 462, 346-350, doi:10.1038/nature08526.
25. Kleypas, J. A., R. W. Buddemeier, D. Archer, J. Gattuso, C. Langdon, and B. N. Opdyke (1999), Geochemical consequences of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide on coral reefs, Science, 284, 118-120, doi:10.1126/science.284.5411.118. (Pubitemid 29282059)
26. Lamb, M. F., et al. (2001), Consistency and synthesis of Pacific Ocean CO2 survey data, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 49, 21-58, doi:10.1016/S0967-0645 (01)00093-5.
27. Langdon, C., and M. Atkinson (2005), Effect of elevated pCO2 on photosynthesis and calcification of corals and interactions with seasonal change in temperature/irradiance and nutrient enrichment, J. Geophys. Res., 110, C09S07, doi:10.1029/2004JC002576. (Pubitemid 41594911)
28. Langdon, C., T. Takahashi, C. Sweeney, D. Chipman, J. Goddard, F. Marubini, H. Aceves, H. Barnett, and M. J. Atkinson (2000), Effect of calcium carbonate saturation state on the calcification rate of an experimental coral reef, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 14, 639-654, doi:10.1029/1999GB001195.
29. Le Quéré, C., T. Takahashi, E. T. Buitenhuis, C. Rödenbeck, and S. C. Sutherland (2010), Impact of climate change and variability on the global oceanic sink of CO2, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 24, GB4007, doi:10.1029/2009GB003599.
30. McNeil, B. I., R. J. Matear, R. M. Key, J. L. Bullister, and J. L. Sarmiento (2003), Anthropogenic CO2 uptake by the ocean based global chloro-flourocarbon data set, Science, 299, 235-239. (Pubitemid 36125206)
31. Millero, F. J. (2007), The marine inorganic carbon cycle, Chem. Rev., 107(2), 308-341, doi:10.1021/cr0503557. (Pubitemid 46381024)
32. Millero, F. J., J. Z. Zhang, K. Lee, and D. M. Campbell (1993), Titration alkalinity of seawater, Mar. Chem., 44, 153-165, doi:10.1016/0304-4203(93) 90200-8. (Pubitemid 24430325)
33. Millero, F. J., T. B. Graham, F. Huang, H. Bustos-Serrano, and D. Pierrot (2006), Dissociation constants of carbonic acid in seawater as a function of salinity and temperature, Mar. Chem., 100, 80-94, doi:10.1016/j. marchem.2005.12.001.
34. Millero, F. J., R. Woosley, B. DiTrolio, and J. Waters (2009), Effect of ocean acidification on the speciation of metals, Oceanography, 22, 72-85, doi:10.5670/oceanog.2009.98.
35. Murata, A., Y. Kumamoto, S. Watanabe, and M. Fukasawa (2007), Decadal increases of anthropogenic CO2 in the South Pacific subtropical ocean along 32°S, J. Geophys. Res., 112, C05033, doi:10.1029/2005JC003405.
36. Neill, C., K. M. Johnson, E. Lewis, and D. W. Wallace (1997), Accurate headspace analysis of fCO2 in discrete water samples using batch equilibration, Limnol. Oceanogr., 42, 1774-1783, doi:10.4319/lo.1997.42.8. 1774. (Pubitemid 127687994)
37. Orr, J. C., et al. (2001), Estimates of anthropogenic carbon uptake from four three-dimensional global ocean models, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 15, 43-60, doi:10.1029/2000GB001273. (Pubitemid 32430731)
38. Orr, J. C., et al. (2005), Anthropogenic ocean acidification over the twenty-first century and its impact on calcifying organisms, Nature, 437, 681-686, doi:10.1038/nature04095. (Pubitemid 41486531)
39. Pascal, P.-Y., J. W. Fleeger, F. Galvez, and K. Carman (2010), The toxico-logical interaction between ocean acidity and metals in coastal meio-benthic copepods, Mar. Pollut. Bull., 60, 2201-2208, doi:10.1016/j. marpolbul.2010.08.018.
40. Peng, T., R. Wanninkhof, J. L. Bullister, R. A. Feely, and T. Takahashi (1998), Quantification of decadal anthropogenic CO2 uptake in the ocean based on dissolved inorganic carbon measurements, Nature, 396, 560-563, doi:10.1038/25103. (Pubitemid 28563713)
41. Peng, T., R. Wanninkhof, and R. A. Feely (2003), Increase of anthropogenic CO2 in the Pacific Ocean over the last two decades, Deep Sea Res., Part II, 50, 3065-3082, doi:10.1016/j.dsr2.2003.09.001. (Pubitemid 37537788)
42. Piola, A. R., and D. T. Georgi (1982), Circumpolar properties of Antarctic intermediate water and Subantarctic Mode Water, Deep Sea Res., Part A, 29, 687-711, doi:10.1016/0198-0149(82)90002-4.
43. Prentice, C., G. Farquhar, M. Fasham, J. Goulden, M. Heimann, V. Jaramillo, H. Kheshigi, C. Le Quéré, R. Scholes, and D. Wallace (2001), The carbon cycle and atmospheric carbon dioxide, in Climate Change 2001: The Scientific Basis: Contribution of Working Group 1 to the Third Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, edited by J. T. Houghton et al., pp. 183-237, Cambridge Univ. Press, New York.
44. Riebesell, U., I. Zondervan, B. Rost, P. D. Tortell, R. E. Zeebe, and F. M. M. Morel (2000), Reduced calcification of marine plankton in response to increased atmospheric CO2, Nature, 407, 364-367, doi:10.1038/35030078.
45. Sabine, C. L., et al. (2004), The oceanic sink for anthropogenic CO2, Science, 305, 367, doi:10.1126/science.1097403. (Pubitemid 38938147)
46. Sabine, C. L., R. M. Key, A. Kozyr, R. A. Feely, R. Wanninkhof, F. J. Millero, T.-H. Peng, J. L. Bullister, and K. Lee (2005), Global Ocean Data Analysis Project: Results and data, ORNL/CDIAC-145, NDP-083, 110 pp., U.S. Dep. of Energy Carbon Dioxide Inf. Anal. Cent., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn.
47. Sabine, C. L., R. A. Feely, F. J. Millero, A. G. Dickson, C. Langdon, S. Mecking, and D. Greeley (2008), Decadal changes in Pacific carbon, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C07021, doi:10.1029/2007JC004577.
48. Sabine, C. L., M. Hoppema, R. M. Key, B. Tilbrook, S. van Heuven, C. Lo Monaco, N. Metzl, M. Ishii, A. Murata, and S. Musielewicz (2010), Assessing the internal consistency of the CARINA data base in the Pacific sector of the Southern Ocean, Earth Syst. Sci. Data, 2(2), 195-204, doi:10.5194/essd-2-195- 2010.
49. Takahashi, T., S. C. Sutherland, R. A. Feely, and R. Wanninkhof (2006), Decadal change of the surface water pCO2 in the North Pacific: A synthesis of 35 years of observations, J. Geophys. Res., 111, C07S05, doi:10.1029/2005JC003074. (Pubitemid 46075300)
50. Tanhua, T., A. Körtzinger, K. Friis, D. W. Waugh, and D. W. R. Wallace (2007), An estimate of anthropogenic CO2 inventory from decadal changes in ocean carbon content, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A., 104, 3037-3042. (Pubitemid 46364109)
51. Tanhua, T., D. W. Waugh, and D. W. Wallace (2008), Use of SF6 to estimate anthropogenic CO2 in the upper ocean, J. Geophys. Res., 113, C04037, doi:10.1029/2007JC004416.
52. The Royal Society (2005), Ocean acidification due to increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide, Policy Doc. 12/05, 60 pp., R. Soc., London.
53. Touratier, F., L. Azouzi, and C. Goyet (2007), CFC-11, D14C and 3H tracers as a means to assess anthropogenic CO2 concentrations in the ocean, Tellus, Ser. B, 59, 318-325. (Pubitemid 46455935)
54. van Heuven, S., D. Pierrot, E. Lewis, and D. W. R. Wallace (2009), MATLAB program developed for CO2 system calculations, U.S. Dep. of Energy, Carbon Dioxide Inf. Anal. Cent., Oak Ridge Natl. Lab., Oak Ridge, Tenn.
55. Wallace, D. (1995), Monitoring global ocean carbon inventories, OOSDP Background Rep. 5, Tex. Agric. and Mech. Univ., College Station, Tex.
56. Wanninkhof, R., and K. Thoning (1993), Measurement of fugacity of CO2 in surface water using continuous and discrete sampling methods, Mar. Chem., 44(2-4), 189-204, doi:10.1016/0304-4203(93)90202-Y. (Pubitemid 24430327)
57. Wanninkhof, R., S. C. Doney, J. L. Bullister, N. M. Levine, M. J. Warner, and N. Gruber (2010), Detecting anthropogenic CO2 changes in the interior Atlantic Ocean between 1989 and 2005, J. Geophys. Res., 115, C11028, doi:10.1029/2010JC006251.
58. Waugh, D. W., T. W. N. Haine, and T. M. Hall (2004), Transport times and anthropogenic carbon in the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean, Deep Sea Res., Part I, 51, 1475-1491. (Pubitemid 39366818)
59. Waugh, D. W., T. M. Hall, B. I. McNeil, R. Key, and R. J. Matear (2006), Anthropogenic CO2 in the oceans estimated using transit time distributions, Tellus, Ser. B, 58, 376-389, doi:10.1111/j.1600-0889.2006.00222.x. (Pubitemid 44575815)
60. Wei, G., M. T. McCulloch, G. Mortimer, W. Deng, and L. Xie (2009), Evidence for ocean acidification in the Great Barrier Reef of Australia, Geo-chim. Cosmochim. Acta, 73, 2332-2346, doi:10.1016/j.gca.2009.02.009.
61. Wetzel, P., A. Winguth, and E. Maier-Reimer (2005), Sea-to-air CO2 flux from 1948 to 2003: A model study, Global Biogeochem. Cycles, 19, GB2005, doi:10.1029/2004GB002339. (Pubitemid 41576405)