Abundance variations within globular clusters

Annual Review of Astronomy and Astrophysics

Volumn 42, Issue , 2004, Pages 385-440

  Gratton, Raffaele ^a   Sneden, Christopher ^b   Carretta, Eugenio ^a,c  

^a INAF OSSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO DI PADOVA   (Italy)

^b The University of Texas at Austin   (United States)

^c OSSERVATORIO ASTRONOMICO DI BOLOGNA   (Italy)

Author keywords

Abundances; Binaries; Blue stragglers; Globular clusters: general; Horizontal branch; Population II; Stars: evolution

Indexed keywords

EID: 8344268458     PISSN: 00664146     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.astro.42.053102.133945     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (363)

1. Adelman SJ, Aikman GCL, Hayes DS, Philip AGD, Sweigart AV. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 282:134-36
2. Aoki W, Ryan SG, Norris JE, Beers TC, Ando H, Tsangarides S. 2002. Ap. J. 580:1149-58
3. Armosky BJ, Sneden C, Langer GE, Kraft RP. 1994. Astron. J. 108:1364-74
4. Asplund M, Carlsson M, Botnen AV. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 399:L31-34
5. Bailyn CD. 1995. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 33:133-62
6. Barbuy B, Renzini A, Ortolani S, Bica E, Guarnieri MD. 1999. Astron. Astrophys. 341: 539-46
7. Bartkevicius A. 1996. Baltic Astron. 5:217-29
8. Basu S, Pinsonneault MH, Bahcall JN. 2000. Ap. J. 529:1084-1100
9. Behr BB. 2003a. Ap. J. Suppl. 149:67-99
10. Behr BB. 2003b. Ap. J. Suppl. 149:101-21
11. Behr BB, Cohen JG, McCarthy JK. 2000b. Ap. J. 531:L37-40
12. Behr BB, Cohen JG, McCarthy JK, Djorgovski SG. 1999. Ap. J. 517:L135-38
13. Behr BB, Djorgovski SG, Cohen JG, McCarthy JK, Côté P, et al. 2000a. Ap. J. 528: 849-53
14. Bell RA, Briley MM, Smith GH. 1990. Astron. J. 100:187-92
15. Bell RA, Cannon RD, Harris GLH, Hesser JE. 1981. Ap. J. 249:637-46
16. Bell RA, Dickens RJ. 1974. MNRAS 166:89-99
17. Bellman S, Briley MM, Smith GH, Claver CF. 2001. PASP 113:326-34
18. Blöcker T, Schönberner D. 1991. Astron. Astrophys. 244:L43-46
19. Boesgaard AM, Deliyannis CO, Stephens A, King JR. 1998. Ap. J. 493:206-16
20. Bonifacio P. 2002. Astron. Astrophys. 395:515-18
21. Bonifacio P, Pasquini L, Spite F, Bragaglia A, Carretta E, et al. 2002. Astron. Astrophys. 390:91-101
22. Boothroyd AI, Sackmann I-J. 1992. Ap. J. 393: L21-24
23. Boothroyd AI, Sackmann I-J. 1999. Ap. J. 510: 232-50
24. Bragaglia A, Carretta E, Gratton RG, Tosi M, Bonanno G, et al. 2001. Astron. J. 121:327-36
25. Briley MM. 1997. Astron. J. 114:1051-59
26. Briley MM, Bell RA, Hoban S, Dickens RJ. 1990. Ap. J. 359:307-18
27. Briley MM, Cohen JG, Stetson PB. 2002. Ap. J. 579:L79-20
28. Briley MM, Smith VV, King JR, Lambert DL. 1997. Astron. J. 113:306-10
29. Briley MM, Smith VV, Suntzeff NB, Lambert DL, Bell RA, Hesser JE. 1996. Nature 383:604-6
30. Brown JA, Wallerstein G. 1989. Astron. J. 98: 1643-47
31. Brown JA, Wallerstein G. 1992. Astron. J. 104: 1818-30
32. Brown JA, Wallerstein G. 1993. Astron. J. 106: 133-41
33. Brown JA, Wallerstein G, Cunha K, Smith VV. 1991b. Astron. Astrophys. 249:L13-15
34. Brown JA, Wallerstein G, Geisler D, Oke JB. 1996. Astron. J. 112:1551-61
35. Brown JA, Wallerstein G, Gonzalez G. 1999. Astron. J. 118:1245-51
36. Brown JA, Wallerstein G, Oke JB. 1991a. Astron. J. 101:1693-98
37. Brown JA, Wallerstein G, Zucker D. 1997. Astron. J. 114:180-88
38. Brown JH, Burkert A, Truran JW. 1991. Ap. J. 376:115-22
39. Brown JH, Burkert A, Truran JW. 1995. Ap. J. 440:666-73
40. Buonanno R, Buscema G, Fusi Pecci F, Richer HB, Fahlman GG. 1990. Astron. J. 100: 1811-40
41. Burderi L, D'Antona F, Burgay M. 2002. Ap. J. 574:325-31
42. Burris DL, Pilachowski CA, Armandroff TE, Sneden C, Cowan JJ, Roe H. 2000. Ap. J. 544:302-19
43. Buss JD, Shetrone MD, Briley MM. 1998. BAAS 31:667-67
44. Butler D, Dickens RJ, Epps E. 1978. Ap. J. 225:148-64
45. Caldwell SP, Dickens RJ. 1988. MNRAS 233: 367-93
46. Caloi V. 1997. Astron. Astrophys. 343:904-8
47. Cameron AGW, Fowler WA. 1971. Ap. J. 162: 111-14
48. Cannon RD, Croke BFW, Bell RA, Hesser JE, Stathakis RA. 1998. MNRAS 298:601-24
49. Cannon RD, Stobie RS. 1973. MNRAS 162: 207-25
50. Carbon DF, Langer GE, Butler D, Kraft RP, Suntzeff NB, et al. 1982. Ap. J. Suppl. 49: 207-58
51. Carney BW, Fry AM, Gonzalez G. 1998. Astron. J. 116:2984-92
52. Carraro G, Lia C. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 357: 977-80
53. Carretta E, Bragaglia A, Cacciari C, Rossetti E. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 410:143-54
54. Carretta E, Cohen JG, Gratton RG, Behr BB. 2001. Astron. J. 122:1469-85
55. Carretta E, Gratton RG. 1996. In The Formation of Galactic Halo-Inside and Out, ed. H Morrison, A Sarajedini, ASP Conf. Ser. 92:359
56. Carretta E, Gratton RG. 1997. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 121:95-112
57. Carretta E, Gratton RG, Bragaglia A, Bonifacio P, Pasquini L. 2004. Astron. Astrophys. 416:925-40
58. Carretta E, Gratton RG, Cohen JG, Beers TC, Christlieb BN. 2002. Astron. J. 124:481-506
59. Castellani V, degl'Innocenti S, Marconi M. 2000. Mem. SAIt 71:1017-20
60. Castilho BV, Pasquini L, Allen DM, Barbuy B, Molaro P. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 361:92-100
61. Cavallo RM, Nagar NM. 2000. Astron. J. 120: 1364-83
62. Cavallo RM, Sweigart AV, Bell RA. 1998. Ap. J. 492:575-95
63. Cayrel R. 1986. Astron. Astrophys. 168:81-88
64. Cayrel R, Depagne E, Spite M, Hill V, Spite F, et al. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 416:1117-38
65. Chaboyer B, Fenton WH, Nelan JE, Patnaude DJ, Simon FE. 2001. Ap. J. 562:521-27
66. Charbonnel C. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 282: 811-20
67. Charbonnel C. 1995. Ap. J. 453:L41-44
68. Charbonnel C, Balachandran SC. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 359:563-72
69. Charbonnel C, Brown JA, Wallerstein G. 1998. Astron. Astrophys. 332:204-14
70. Charbonnel C, Do Nascimiento JD Jr. 1998. Astron. Astrophys. 36:915-19
71. Cohen JG. 1978. Ap. J. 223:487-508
72. Cohen JG. 1981. Ap. J. 247:869-78
73. Cohen JG. 1999. Ap. J. 117:2434-39
74. Cohen JG, Bell RA. 1986. Ap. J. 305:698-713
75. Cohen JG, Briley MM, Stetson PB. 2002. Astron. J. 123:2525-40
76. Cohen JG, Gratton RG, Behr BB, Carretta E. 1999. Ap. J. 523:739-51
77. Cohen JG, McCarthy JK. 1997. Astron. J. 113: 1353-58
78. Conlon ES, Dufton PL, Keenan FP. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 290:897-905
79. Côte P, Hanes DA, McLaughling DE, Bridges TJ, Hesser JE, Harris GLH. 1997. Ap. J. 476: L15-18
80. Côte P, Pryor C, McClure RD, Fletcher JM, Hesser JE. 1996. Astron. J. 112:574
81. Cottrell PL, Da Costa G. 1981. Ap. J. 245:L79-82
82. Cottrell PL, Sneden C. 1986. Astron. Astrophys. 161:314-26
83. Covey KR, Wallerstein G, Gonzalez G, Vanture AD, Suntzeff NB. 2003. PASP 115:819-24
84. Cowan JJ, Sneden C, Burles S, Ivans II, Beers TC, et al. 2002. Ap. J. 572:861-79
85. Crocker DA, Rood RT, O'Connel RW. 1988. Ap. J. 332:236-46
86. Cunha K, Smith W, Suntzeff NB, Norris JE, Da Costa GS. 2002. Astron. J. 124:379-88
87. Cyburt RH, Ellis J, Fields BD, Olive KA. 2003. Phys. Rev. D 67:103521
88. D'Antona F, Caloi V, Montalban J, Ventura P, Gratton RG. 2002. Astron. Astrophys. 395: 69-75
89. D'Antona F, Gratton R, Chieffi A. 1983. Mem. SAIt 54:173-98
90. Day RW, Lambert DL, Sneden C. 1973. Ap. J. 185:213-28
91. De Angeli F, Piotto G. 2003. In Dynamics and Evolution of Dense Stellar Systems, JD11, 25th IAU Meet., Sydney
92. Denissenkov PA, Denissenkova SN. 1990. Sov. Astron. Lett. 16:642-51
93. Denissenkov PA, Herwig E 2003. Ap. J. 590: L99-102
94. Denissenkov PA, Tout CA. 2000. MNRAS 316:395-406
95. Denissenkov PA, VandenBerg DA. 2003. Ap. J. 593:509-23
96. Denissenkov PA, Weiss A. 1996. Astron. Astrophys. 308:773-84
97. Denissenkov PA, Weiss A. 2001. Ap. J. 559: L115-18
98. Denissenkov PA, Weiss A, Wagenhuber J. 1997. Astron. Astrophys. 320:115-24
99. Dickens RJ, Bell RA. 1976. Ap. J. 207:506-17
100. Dinescu DI, Girard TM, van Altena WF. 1999. Astron. J. 117:1792-815
101. Dixon WV, Brown TM, Landsman WB. 2002. BAAS 34:1284
102. Dixon WVD, Hurwitz M. 1998. Ap. J. 500:L29-32
103. Dopita MA, Smith GH. 1986. Ap. J. 304:283-94
104. Drake JJ, Smith VV, Suntzeff NB. 1992. Ap. J. 395:L95-98
105. Edmonds PD, Gilliland RL, Camilo F, Heinke CO, Grindlay JE. 2002. Ap. J. 579:741-51
106. Ergma E, Sarna MJ. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 399:237-41
107. Evans T. 1983. MNRAS 204:975-84
108. Fabian D, Recio-Blanco A, Gratton RG, Piotto G. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. Submitted
109. Feltzing S, Gustafsson B. 1998. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 129:237-66
110. Ferraro FR, Bellazzini M, Pancino E. 2002. Ap. J. 573:L95-99
111. Ferraro FR, Fusi Pecci F, Cacciari C, Corsi C, Buonanno R, et al. 1993. Astron. J. 106: 2324-34
112. Ferraro FR, Possenti A, D'Amico N, Sabbi E. 2001. Ap. J. 561:L93-96
113. Ferraro FR, Sabbi E, Gratton R, Possenti A, D'Amico N, et al. 2003. Ap. J. 584:L13-16
114. Forestini M, Charbonnel C. 1997. Astron. Astrophys. Suppl. 123:241-72
115. François P, Spite M, Spite F. 1988. Astron. Astrophys. 191:267-77
116. Freeman KC. 1993. In IAU Symp. 153, Galactic Bulges, ed. H Dejonghe, HJ Habing. Dordrecht: Kluwer pp. 263-71
117. Freeman KC, Rodgers AW. 1975. Ap. J. 201: L71-74
118. Fulbright JP. 2000. Astron. J. 120:1841-52
119. Fulbright JP. 2003. In Carnegie Observatories Astrophysics Series, Vol. 4: Origin and Evolution of the Elements, ed. A McWilliam, M Rauch. Pasadena: Carnegie Obs. http://www. ociw.edu/ociw/symposia/series/symposium 4/proceedings.html
120. Fusi Pecci F, Ferraro FR, Corsi CE, Cacciari C, Buonanno R. 1992. Astron. J. 104:1831-49
121. Geyer EH. 1967. Z. Astrophys. 66:16-32
122. Giersz M, Spurzem R. 2000. MNRAS 317:581-606
123. Gilroy KK, Brown JA. 1991. Ap. J. 371:578-83
124. Glaspey JW, Demers S, Moffat AFJ, Michaud G. 1986. PASP 8:1123-28
125. Glaspey JW, Michaud G, Moffat AFJ, Demers S. 1989. Ap. J. 339:926-32
126. Gnedin OY, Zhao HS, Pringle JE, Fall SM, Livio M, Meylan G. 2002. Ap. J. 568:L23-26
127. Gonzalez G, Wallerstein G. 1998. Astron. J. 116:765-81
128. Gonzalez G, Wallerstein G. 2000. PASP 112: 1081-88
129. Gratton RG. 1982. Astron. Astrophys. 115:336-46
130. Gratton RG. 1987. Astron. Astrophys. 179:181-92
131. Gratton RG, Bonifacio P, Bragaglia A, Carretta E, Castellani V, et al. 2001. Astron. Astrophys. 369:87-98
132. Gratton RG, Carretta E, Claudi R, Lucatello S, Barbieri M. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 404: 187-210
133. Gratton RG, Contarini G. 1994. Astron. Astrophys. 283:911-18
134. Gratton RG, Ortolani S. 1989. Astron. Astrophys. 211:41-55
135. Gratton RG, Sneden C, Carretta E, Bragaglia A. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 354:169-87
136. Greggio L, Renzini A, Sweigart AV. 1995. In Stellar evolution: What should be done. Proc. 32nd Liège Int. Astrophys. Colloq., ed. A Noels, D Fraipont-Caro, M Gabriel, N Grevesse, P Demarque, p. 435. Liège: Univ. Liège
137. Grindlay JE, Camilo F, Heinke CO, Edmonds PD, Cohn H, Lugger P. 2002. Ap. J. 581:470-84
138. Grundahl F, Briley MM, Nissen PE, Feltzing S. 2002. Astron. Astrophys. 385:L14-17
139. Grundahl F, Catelan M, Landsman WB, Stetson PB, Andersen MI. 1999. Ap. J. 524:242-61
140. Hansen BMS, Phinney ES. 1998. MNRAS 294:569-81
141. Harbeck D, Smith GH, Grebel EK. 2003. Astron. J. 125:197-207
142. Harris WE. 1996. Astron. J. 112:1487-88
143. Hatzes AP. 1986. PASP 99:369-73
144. Heber U. 1987. Mitt. Astron. Ges. 70:79-96
145. Hernquist L. 1990. Ap. J. 356:359-364
146. Hesser JE, Bell RA, Cannon RD, Harris GLH. 1985. Ap. J. 295:437-55
147. Hesser JE, Hartwick FDA, McClure RD. 1977. Ap. J. Suppl. 33:471-93
148. Hilker M, Richtler T. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 362:895-909
149. Hill V, Plez B, Cayrel R, Beers TC, Nordstrom B, et al. 2002. Astron. Astrophys. 387:560-79
150. Hughes J, Wallerstein G. 2000. Astron. J. 119: 1225-38
151. Hui-Bon-Hoa A, Leblanc F, Hauschildt P. 2000. Ap. J. 535:L43-45
152. Hut P, Shara MM, Aarseth SJ, Klessen RS, Lombardi JC, et al. 2003. New Astron. 8:337-70
153. Iben I Jr. 1968. Nature 220:143
154. Iben I Jr. 1976. Ap. J. 208:165-76
155. Iben I Jr, Renzini A. 1984. Phys. Lett. 105:329-406
156. Icke V, Alcaino G. 1988. Astron. Astrophys. 204:115-16
157. Ikuta C, Arimoto N. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 358:535-46
158. Ivans II, Kraft RP, Sneden C, Smith GH, Rich RM, Shetrone M. 2001. Astron. J. 122:1438-63
159. Ivans II, Sneden C, James CR, Preston GW, Fulbright JP, et al. 2003a. Ap. J. 592:906-34
160. Ivans II, Sneden C, Kraft RP, Suntzeff NB, Smith VV, et al. 1999. Astron. J. 118:1273-1300
161. Ivans II, Wallerstein G, Sneden C, Kraft RP, Norris JE, et al. 2003b. In Astrophysical Impact of Abundances in GCs. 25th Meet. IAU, Jt. Discuss. 4, Sidney
162. Iwamoto K, Brachwitz F, Nomoto K, Kishimoto N, Umeda H, et al. 1999. Ap. J. 125:439-62
163. Johnson JA. 2002. Ap. J. Suppl. 139:219-47
164. Johnson JA, Bolte M. 2001. Astron. J. 554:888-902
165. Jurcsik J. 1998. Ap. J. 506:L113-16
166. Kaluzny J, Rucinski SM, Thompson IB. 2003. Astron. J. 125:1546-53
167. Karabas AI, Lattanzio J. 2003. PASA 20:279-93
168. Keenan PC. 1942. Ap. J. 96:101-5
169. King JR, Soderblom DR, Fischer D, Jones BF. 2000. Ap. J. 33:944-58
170. King JR, Stephens A, Boesgaard AM, Deliyannis C. 1998. Astron. J. 115:666-84
171. Klochkova VG, Samus NN. 2001. Astron. Astrophys. 378:455-65
172. Kraft RP. 1994. PASP 106:553-65
173. Kraft RP, Ivans II. 2003. PASP 115:143-69
174. Kraft RP, Peterson RC, Guhathakurta P, Sneden C, Fulbright JP, Langer GE. 1999. Ap. J. 518:L53-56
175. Kraft RP, Sneden C, Langer GE, Prosser CF. 1992. Astron. J. 104:645-68
176. Kraft RP, Sneden C, Langer GE, Shetrone MD. 1993. Astron. J. 106:1490-1507
177. Kraft RP, Sneden C, Langer GE, Shetrone MD, Bolte M. 1995. Astron. J. 109:2586-99
178. Kraft RP, Sneden C, Smith GH, Shetrone MD, Fulbright JP. 1998. Astron. J. 115:1500-15
179. Kraft RP, Sneden C, Smith GH, Shetrone MD, Langer GE, Pilachowski CA. 1997. Astron. J. 113:279-95
180. Lambert DL, McWilliam A, Smith VV. 1992. Ap. J. 386:685-94
181. Landsman WB, Crotts APS, Heap S, Lanz T, Sweigart A. 2002. BAAS 34:1103
182. Langer GE, Fischer D, Sneden C, Bolte M. 1998. Astron. J. 115:685-92
183. Langer GE, Hoffman R, Sneden C. 1993. PASP 105:301-7
184. Langer GE, Hoffman R, Zaidins CS. 1997. PASP 109:244-51
185. Langer GE, Kraft RP, Carbon DF, Friel E, Oke JB. 1986. PASP 98:473-85
186. Langer GE, Suntzeff NB, Kraft RP. 1992. PASP 104:523-32
187. Lee J-W, Carney BW. 2002. Astron. J. 124: 1511-27
188. Lee YW, Joo JM, Sohn YJ, Rey SC, Lee HC, Walker AR. 1999. Nature 402:55-57
189. Leep EM, Wallerstein G, Oke JB. 1986. Astron. J. 91:1117-20
190. Lehnert MD, Bell RA, Cohen JG. 1991. Ap. J. 367:514-23
191. Lloyd-Evans T. 1975. MNRAS 171:647-57
192. Lloyd-Evans T. 1977. MNRAS 181:591-98
193. Lodders K. 2003. Ap. J. 591:1220-47
194. Lombardi JC Jr, Rasio FA, Shapiro SL. 1995. Ap. J. 445:L117-20
195. Lorimer D. 2001. Living Rev. Relativ. 4:5
196. Lucatello S, Gratton RG. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 406:691-702
197. Lucatello S, Gratton RG, Cohen JG, Beers TC, Christlieb N, et al. 2003. Astron. J. 125:875-93
198. Luck RE, Bond HE. 1989. Ap. J. 342:476-88
199. Mallia EA. 1976. Astron. Astrophys. 48:129-32
200. Mallia EA, Pagel BEJ. 1981. MNRAS 194:421-28
201. Manduca A, Bell RA. 1978. Ap. J. 225:908-12
202. Marigo P, Bressan A, Chiosi C. 1998. Astron. Astrophys. 331:564-80
203. Matteucci F, Raiteri CM, Busso M, Gallino R, Gratton RG. 1993. Astron. Astrophys. 272:421-29
204. McClure RD. 1984. Ap. J. 280:L31-34
205. McClure RD, Fletcher JM, Nemec JM. 1980. Ap. J. 238:L35-38
206. McCrea WH. 1964. MNRAS 128:147-55
207. McWilliam A. 1997. Annu. Rev. Astron. Astrophys. 35:503-56
208. McWilliam A, Geisler D, Rich RM. 1992. PASP 104:1193-204
209. McWilliam A, Preston GW, Sneden C, Searle L. 1995. Astron. J. 109:2757-99
210. Merritt D, Meylan G, Mayor M. 1997. Astron. J. 114:1074-86
211. Meylan G. 1989. Astron. Astrophys. 214:106-12
212. Meylan G, Heggie DC. 1997. Astron. Astrophys. Review 8:1-143
213. Meylan G, Mayor M. 1986. Astron. Astrophys. 166:122-42
214. Meylan G, Mayor M, Duquennoy A, Dubath P. 1995. Astron. Astrophys. 303:761-65
215. Meylan G, Sarajedini A, Jablonka P, Djorgovski G, Bridges T, Rich RM. 2001. Astron. J. 122:830-41
216. Michaud G, Vauclair G, Vauclair S. 1983. Ap. J. 267:256-70
217. Milone A, Barbuy B, Spite M, Spite F. 1992. Astron. Astrophys. 261:551-57
218. Mishenina TV, Kovtyukh VV, Soubiran C, Travaglio C, Busso M. 2002. Astron. Astrophys. 396:189-201
219. Moehler S. 1999. Rev. Mod. Astron. 12:281-307
220. Moehler S. 2001. PASP 113:1162-77
221. Moehler S, Heber U, Lemke M, Napiwotzki R. 1998b. Astron. Astrophys. 339:537-44
222. Moehler S, Landsman W, Napiwotzki R. 1998a. Astron. Astrophys. 335:510-16
223. Moehler S, Landsman W, Sweigart AV, Grundahl F. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 405:135-48
224. Moehler S, Sweigart AV, Landsman W, Heber U. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 360:120-32
225. Mooney CJ, Rolleston WRJ, Keenan FP, Dufton PL, Pollacco DL, Magee HR. 2002. MNRAS 326:1101-9
226. Murray SD, Lin DNS. 1993. See Smith & Brodi 1993. pp. 738-53
227. Newell EB, Rodgers AW, Searle L. 1969. Ap. J. 158:699-710
228. Norris J. 1981. Ap. J. 248:177-88
229. Norris J, Bessel MS. 1975. Ap. J. 201:L75-79
230. Norris J, Bessel MS. 1977. Ap. J. 211:L91-95
231. Norris J, Cottrell PL, Freeman KC, Da Costa GS. 1981. Ap. J. 44:205-20
232. Norris J, Pilachowski CA. 1985. Ap. J. 299: 295-302
233. Norris J, Smith GH. 1983a. Ap. J. 272:635-45
234. Norris J, Smith GH. 1983b. Ap. J. 275:120-24
235. Norris JE, Da Costa GS. 1995a. Ap. J. 441:L81-84
236. Norris JE, Da Costa GS. 1995b. Ap. J. 447:680-705
237. Norris JE, Freeman KC. 1979. Ap. J. 230:L179-82
238. Norris JE, Freeman KC, Mayor M, Seitzer P. 1997. Ap. J. 487:L187-90
239. Norris JE, Freeman KC, Mighell KJ. 1996. Ap. J. 462:241-54
240. Origlia L, Ferraro FR, Bellazzini M, Pancino E. 2003. Ap. J. 591:916-24
241. Origlia L, Rich RM, Castro S. 2002. Astron. J. 123:1559-69
242. Orosz JA, van Kerkwijk MH. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 397:237-43
243. Osborn W. 1971. Observatory 91:223-24
244. Paltoglou G, Norris JE. 1989. Ap. J. 336:185-206
245. Pancino E, Ferraro FR, Bellazzini M, Piotto G, Zoccali M. 2000. Ap. J. 434:L83-87
246. Pancino E, Pasquini L, Hill V, Ferraro FR, Bellazzini M. 2002. Ap. J. 568:101-5
247. Parmentier G, Gilmore G. 2001. Astron. Astrophys. 378:97-101
248. Parmentier G, Jehin E, Magain P, Neuforge C, Noels A, Thoul AA. 1999. Astron. Astrophys. 352:138-48
249. Pastoriza MG, Bica ELD, Copetti MVF, Dottori HA. 1986. Astrophys. Space Sci. 119:279-85
250. Pavlenko YV, Jones HRA, Longmore AJ. 2003. MNRAS 345:311-24
251. Persson SE, Cohen JG, Matthews K, Frogel JA, Aaronson M. 1980. Ap. J. 235:452-69
252. Peterson RC. 1980. Ap. J. 237:L87-91
253. Peterson RC. 1983. Ap. J. 275:737-51
254. Peterson RC. 1985a. Ap. J. 289:320-25
255. Peterson RC. 1985b. Ap. J. 294:L35-37
256. Peterson RC, Rood RT, Crocker DA. 1995. Ap. J. 453:214-28
257. Peterson RC, Rood RT, Crocker DA, Kraft RP. 2000. In The Galactic Halo: From Globular Clusters to the Field Stars. Proc. 35nd Liège Int. Astrophys. Colloq., eds. A Noels, P Magain, D Caro, E Jehin, G Parmentier, et al., p. 523. Liège: Univ. Liège
258. Pilachowski CA. 1989. In The Abundance Spread Within Globular Clusters, ed. M Cayrel de Strobel, M Spite, TL Evans, p. 1. Paris: Obs. Paris
259. Pilachowski CA, Sneden C, Booth J. 1993. Ap. J. 407:699-713
260. Pilachowski CA, Sneden C, Freeland E, Casperson J. 2003. Astron. J. 125:794-800
261. Pilachowski CA, Sneden C, Kraft RP. 1996b. Astron. J. 111:1689-704
262. Pilachowski CA, Sneden C, Kraft RP, Deliyannis CP, Harmer D. 2000b. BAAS 197: 4119
263. Pilachowski CA, Sneden C, Kraft RP, Harmer D, Willmarth D. 2000a. Astron. J. 119:2895-901
264. Pilachowski CA, Sneden C, Kraft RP, Langer GE. 1996a. Astron. J. 112:545-64
265. Pilachowski CA, Sneden C, Wallerstein G. 1983. Ap. J. Suppl. 52:241-87
266. Platais I, Wyse RFG, Hebb L, Lee JW, Rey SC. 2003. Ap. J. 591:L127-30
267. Possenti A. 2002. MPE Rep. 278:183
268. Powell DC, Iliads C, Champagne AE, Grossman CA, Hale SE, et al. 1999. Nucl. Phys. A 660:349-78
269. Preston GW, Sneden C. 2000. Astron. J. 120: 1014-55
270. Ramírez SV, Cohen JG. 2002. Astron. J. 123: 3277-97
271. Ramírez SV, Cohen JG. 2003. Astron. J. 125: 224-45
272. Recio-Blanco A, Piotto G, Aparicio A, Renzini A. 2002. Ap. J. 572:L71-74
273. Reddy BE, Tomkin J, Lambert DL, Allende Prieto C. 2003. MNRAS 340:304-40
274. Rey SC, Lee YW, Joo JM, Walker A, Baird S. 2000. Astron. J. 119:1824-38
275. Richard O, Michaud G, Richer J, Turcotte S, Turck-hièze S, VandenBerg DA. 2002. Ap. J. 568:979-97
276. Richter P, Hilker M, Richtler T. 1999. Astron. Astrophys. 350:476-84
277. Rodgers AW, Freeman KC, Harding P, Smith GH. 1979. Ap. J. 32:169-75
278. Rood RT, Crocker DA. 1985. In ESO Workshop on Production and Distribution of CNO Elements, pp. 61-69. Garching: ESO
279. Russell S. 1998. PASA 15:189-93
280. Ryan SG, Beers TC, Kajino T, Rosolankova K. 2001. Ap. J. 547:231-39
281. Ryan SG, Deliyannis CP. 1998. Ap. J. 500:398-410
282. Ryan SG, Norris JE, Beers TC. 1996. Ap. J. 471:254-78
283. Sabbi E, Gratton R, Bragaglia A, Ferraro FR, Possenti A, et al. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 412:829-36
284. Salaris M, Cassisi S, Weiss A. 2002. PASP 14:375-402
285. Sandage A, Wildey R. 1967. Ap. J. 150:469-82
286. Sandage AR. 1953. Astron. J. 58:61-75
287. Santolamazza P, Marconi M, Bono G, Caputo F, Cassisi S, Gilliland RL. 2001. Ap. J. 554:1124-40
288. Sarna MJ, de Greve J-P. 1996. Q. J. R. Astron. Suppl. 37:11-37
289. Shetrone MD. 1996a. Astron. J. 112:1517-35
290. Shetrone MD. 1996b. Astron. J. 112:2639-49
291. Shetrone MD. 2003. Ap. J. 585:L45-48
292. Shetrone MD, Keane MJ. 2000. Astron. J. 119:840-50
293. Siess L, Livio M, Lattanzio J. 2002. Ap. J. 570:329-43
294. Simmerer JA, Sneden, C, Ivans II, Kraft RP, Shetrone MD, Smith VV. 2003. Astron. J. 125:2018-28
295. Smith GH. 1987. PASP 99:67-90
296. Smith GH. 2002. PASP 114:1097-1107
297. Smith GH, Brodie JP, eds. 1993. The Globular Cluster-Galaxy Connection. ASP Conf. Ser. 48. San Francisco: ASP
298. Smith GH, Martell SL. 2003. PASP 115:1211-1219
299. Smith GH, Norris JE. 1993. Astron. J. 105:173-83
300. Smith GH, Sneden C, Kraft RP. 2002a. Astron. J. 123:1502-8
301. Smith GH, Tout CA. 1992. MNRAS 256:449-56
302. Smith GH, Wirth GD. 1991. PASP 103:1158-75
303. Smith HA. 1981. Astron. J. 86:538-43
304. Smith VV, Cunha K, Lambert DL. 1995. Astron. J. 110:2827-43
305. Smith VV, Shetrone MD, Keane MJ. 1999. Ap. J. 516:L73-76
306. Smith VV, Suntzeff NB. 1989. Astron. J. 97: 1699-707
307. Smith VV, Suntzeff NB, Cunha K, Gallino R, Busso M, et al. 2000. Astron. J. 119:1239-58
308. Smith VV, Terndrup DM, Suntzeff NB. 2002b. Ap. J. 579:832-40
309. Sneden C. 1999. In Galaxy Evolution: Connecting the Distant Universe with the Local Fossil Record, ed. M Spite. Astrophys. Space Sci. 265:145-52
310. Sneden C. 2000. In The Galactic Halo: From Globular Clusters to the Field Stars. Proc. 35nd Liège Int. Astrophys. Colloq., eds. A Noels, P Magain, D Caro, E Jehin, G Parmentier, et al, p. 159. Liège: Univ. Liège
311. Sneden C. 2003. In Carnegie Obs. Astrophys. Ser., Vol. 4: Origin and Evolution of the Elements, ed. A McWilliam, M Rauch. Cambridge: Cambridge Univ. Press. In press
312. Sneden C, Cowan JJ, Lawler JE, Ivans II, Burles S, et al. 2003. Ap. J. 591:936-53
313. Sneden C, Gratton RG, Crocker DA. 1991a. Astron. Astrophys. 246:354-67
314. Sneden C, Johnson J, Kraft RP, Smith GH, Cowan JJ, Bolte MS. 2000b. Ap. J. 536:L85-88
315. Sneden C, Kraft, RP, Guhathakurta R, Peterson RC, Fulbright JP. 2004. Astron. J. 127:2162-84
316. Sneden C, Kraft RP, Prosser CF, Langer GE. 1991b. Astron. J. 102:2001-21
317. Sneden C, Kraft RP, Prosser CF, Langer GE. 1992. Astron. J. 104:2121-40
318. Sneden C, Kraft RP, Prosser CF, Langer GE, Shetrone MD. 1994. Astron. J. 107:1773-85
319. Sneden C, Kraft RP, Shetrone MD, Smith GH, Langer GE, Prosser CF. 1997. Astron. J. 114:1964-81
320. Sneden C, Pilachowski CA, Kraft RP. 2000a. Astron. J. 120:1351-63
321. Sneden C, Pilachowski CA, Vandenberg DA. 1986. Ap. J. 311:826-42
322. Spite M, Spite F. 1982. Nature 297:483-85
323. Stanford LM, Da Costa GS, Norris JE, Cannon RD. 2003. In Astrophysical Impact of Abundances in GCs. 25th Meet. IAU, Jt. Discuss. 4, Sidney
324. Stappers BW, van Kerkwijk MH, Bell JF, Kulkarni SR. 2001. Ap. J. 548:L183-86
325. Stephens A, Boesgaard AM. 2002. Ap. J. 123: 1647-700
326. Straniero O, Chieffi A, Limongi M. 1997. Ap. J. 490:425-36
327. Suntzeff NB. 1981. Ap. J. Suppl. 47:1-32
328. Suntzeff NB. 1993. See Smith & Brodi 1993. pp. 167-79
329. Suntzeff NB, Kraft RP. 1996. Astron. J. 111:1913-35
330. Suntzeff NB, Smith VV. 1991. Ap. J. 381:160-72
331. Sweigart AV. 1997. Ap. J. 474:L23-26
332. Sweigart AV, Catelan M. 1998. Ap. J. 501:L63-66
333. Sweigart AV, Mengel JG. 1979. Ap. J. 229:624-41
334. Templeton M, Basu S, Demarque P. 2002. Ap. J. 576:963-75
335. Thévenin F, Charbonnel C, de Freitas Pacheco JA, Idiart TP, Jasniewicz G, et al. 2001. Astron. Astrophys. 373:905-15
336. Thomas H-C. 1967. Z. Astrophys. 67:420-55
337. Thompson E, Pilachowski CA. 2003. BAAS 202:2708
338. Thoul A, Jorissen A, Goriely S, Jehin E, Magain P, et al. 2002. Astron. Astrophys. 383:491-501
339. Timmes FX, Woosley SE, Weaver TA. 1995. Ap. J. Suppl. 98:617-58
340. Trefzger CF, Carbon DF, Langer GE, Suntzeff NB, Kraft RP. 1983. Ap. J. 266:144-59
341. Truran JW, Cowan JJ, Pilachowski CA, Sneden C. 2002. PASP 114:1293-308
342. Tsuchiya T, Dinescu DI, Korchagin VI. 2003. Ap. J. 589:L29-32
343. Tsujimoto T, Shigeyama T. 2003. Ap. J. 590: 803-8
344. van den Bergh S. 1967. Astron. J. 72:70-81
345. Van Eck S, Goriely S, Jorissen A, Plez B. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 404:291-99
346. van Leeuwen F, Hughes JD, Piotto G, eds. 2002. Omega Centauri, A Unique Window into Astrophysics. ASP Conf. Proc. 265. San Francisco: ASP
347. van Leeuwen F, Le Poole RS, Reijns RA, Freeman KC, de Zeeuw PT. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 360:472-98
348. Vanture AD, Wallerstein G. 1992. PASP 104:888-93
349. Vanture AD, Wallerstein G, Suntzeff NB. 2002. Ap. J. 569:984-96
350. Ventura P, D'Antona F, Mazzitelli I. 2002. Astron. Astrophys. 393:215-23
351. Ventura P, D'Antona F, Mazzitelli I, Gratton RG. 2001. Ap. J. 550:L65-69
352. Vink JS, Cassisi S. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 392:553-62
353. Weiss A, Denissenkov PA, Charbonnel C. 2000. Astron. Astrophys. 356:181-90
354. Whitmer JC, Beck-Winchatz B, Brown JA, Wallerstein G. 1995. PASP 107:127-31
355. Woolf VM, Tomkin J, Lambert DL. 1995. Ap. J. 453:660-72
356. Woolley RR. 1966. R. Obs. Ann. 2:1-128
357. Woosley SE, Langer N, Weaver TA. 1995. Ap. J. 448:315-38
358. Xie B, Pryor C, Hilke M, Gebhardt K, Williams TB. 2002. BAAS 201:1102
359. Yong D, Grundahl F, Lambert DL, Nissen PE, Shetrone MD. 2003. Astron. Astrophys. 402:985-1001
360. Yong H, Demarque P, Yi S. 2000. Ap. J. 539:928-32
361. Zinn R, West MJ. 1984. Ap. J. Suppl. 55:45-66
362. Zinnecker H, Keable CJ, Dunlop JS, Cannon RD, Griffiths WK. 1988. In IAU Symp. 126, GC Systems in Galaxies, ed. JE Grindlay, AGD Philip, pp. 603-4. Dordrecht: Kluwer
363. Zucker D, Wallerstein G, Brown JA. 1996. PASP 108:911-16