Improving Health in Developing Countries. Evidence from Randomized Evaluations

Handbook of Health Economics

Volumn 2, Issue , 2011, Pages 201-315

  Kremer, Michael ^a   Glennerster, Rachel ^b  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^b MASSACHUSETTS INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY   (United States)

Author keywords

Developing countries; Health; Program evaluation; Randomized experiments

Indexed keywords

EID: 83255186901     PISSN: 15740064     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1016/B978-0-444-53592-4.00004-9     Document Type: Chapter

References (250)

1. Acemoglu D., Johnson S. Disease and development: The effect of life. Journal of Political Economy 2007, 115(6):925-985.
2. Aghion, P., Howitt, P., & Murtin, F. (2009). The relationship between health and growth: When Lucas meets Nelson-Phelps. Working Paper.
3. Ahuja A., Kremer M., Zwane A.P. Providing safe water: Evidence from randomized evaluations. Annual Reviews of Resource Economics 2010, 2:237-256.
4. Ahuja, A., Wendell, B., & Werker, E. (2006). Male circumcision and AIDS: The macroeconomic impact of a health crisis. Harvard Business School Working Paper 07-025.
5. Ainslie G.W. Specious reward: A behavioral theory of impulsiveness and impulsive control. Psychological Bulletin 1975, 82:463-496.
6. Ainslie G.W. Picoeconomics 1992, Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
7. Akin J., Birdsall N., Ferranti D. Financing health services in developing countries: An agenda for reform 1987, World Bank, Washington, DC.
8. Alderman H. Improving nutrition through community growth promotion: Longitudinal study of nutrition and early child development program in Uganda. World Development 2007, 35(8):1376-1389.
9. Alderman H., Hoddinott J., Kinsey B. Long term consequences of early childhood malnutrition. Oxford Economic Papers 2006, 58(3):450-474.
10. Almond D. Is the 1918 influenza pandemic over? Long-term effects of in-utero influenza exposure in the post-1940 U.S. population. Journal of Political Economy 2006, 114(4):672-712.
11. Almond, D. & Mazumder, B. (2008). Health capital and the prenatal environment: The effect of maternal fasting during pregnancy. NBER Working Paper.
12. Arnold B., Colford J. Treating water with chlorine at point-of-use to improve water quality and reduce child diarrhea in developing countries: A systematic review and meta-analysis. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2007, 76(2):354-364.
13. Ashraf N., Berry, J., & Shapiro, J. (2010a). Can higher prices stimulate product use? Evidence from a field experiment in Zambia. American Economic Review. (in press).
14. Ashraf, N., Field, E., & Lee, J. (2010b). Household bargaining and excess fertility: An experimental study in Zambia, Working Paper, available online at http://www.povertyactionlab.org/publication/household-bargaining-and-excess-fertility-experimental-study-zambia.
15. Ashraf N., Jack B.K., Kamenica E. Information and subsidies: Complements or substitutes? 2011, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, Unpublished working paper.
16. Ashraf, Q., Lester, A., & Weil, D. (2009). When does improving health raise GDP? NBER Macroeconomics Annual 2008. University of Chicago Press.
17. Attanasio, O. & Lechene, V. (2010). Efficient responses to targeted cash transfers. Available at http://www.homepages.ucl.ac.uk/~uctpjrt/.
18. Baird S., Chirwa E., McIntosh C., Özler B. The short-term impacts of a schooling conditional cash transfer program on the sexual behavior of young women. Health Economics 2010, (forthcoming).
19. Baird, S., Hicks, J.H., Kremer, M. & Miguel, E. (2011a). Worms at work: Long-run impacts of child health gains. Working Paper.
20. Baird, S., Hoop, J., & Özler, B. (2011b). Income shocks and adolescent mental health. Working Paper.
21. Baird S., McIntosh C., Özler B. Cash or condition? Evidence from a randomized cash transfer program. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2011, 126(4). (forthcoming).
22. Banerjee, A., Banerji, R., Duflo, E., Glennerster, R., & Khemani, S. (2008b). Pitfalls of participatory programs: Evidence from a randomized evaluation in education in India. Working Paper.
23. Banerjee A., Deaton A., Duflo E. Health, health care, and economic development. American Economic Review 2004, 94(2):326-330.
24. Banerjee, A., Deaton, A., & Duflo, E. (2004b). Health care delivery in rural Rajasthan. Poverty Action Lab working paper No. 4. Available at http://www.povertyactionlab.org/publication/health-care-delivery-rural-rajasthan.
25. Banerjee A., Duflo E., Glennerster R. Putting a Band-Aid on a corpse: Incentives for nurses in the Indian Public Health Care System. European Economic Association 2008, 6(2-3):487-500.
26. Banerjee A., Duflo E., Glennerster R. Is decentralized iron fortification a feasible option to fight anemia among the poorest?. Explorations in the economics of aging 2010, University of Chicago Press. D.A. Wise (Ed.).
27. Banerjee, A., Duflo, E., Glennerster, R., & Kinnan, C. (2010c). The miracle of microfinance? Available online at http://www.povertyactionlab.org/publication/miracle-microfinance-evidence-randomized-evaluation.
28. Banerjee A., Duflo E., Glennerster R., Kothari D. Improving immunization coverage in rural India: A clustered randomized controlled evaluation of immunization campaigns with and without incentives. British Medical Journal 2010, 340:C2220.
29. Banerjee, A., Duflo, E., & Hornbeck, R. (2011). Impacts of health insurance in rural India: Evidence from randomized insurance requirements for microfinance clients. Work in Progress.
30. Barreca A. The long-term economic impact of in utero and postnatal exposure to malaria 2009, Tulane University mimeo.
31. Basinga, P., Gertler, P. J., Binagwabo, A., Soucat, A. L. B., Sturdy, J. R., & Vermeersch, C. M. J. (2010). Paying primary health care centers for performance in Rwanda. World Bank Policy Research Working Paper 5190.
32. Bates, M.A., Glennerster, R., & Gumede, K. (2011). The price is wrong: user fees, access and sustainability. Available online at http://www.povertyactionlab.org/publication/the-price-is-wrong.
33. Becker G.S., Philipson T.J., Soares R.R. The quantity and quality of life and the evolution of world inequality. American Economic Review 2005, 95(1):277-291.
34. Behrman, J. R., Murphy, A., Quisumbing, A. R., & Yount, K. (2009). Are returns to mothers' human capital realized in the next generation? The impact of mothers' intellectual human capital and long-run nutritional status on children's human capital in Guatemala. IFPRI discussion paper, available online at http://www.ifpri.org/sites/default/files/publications/ifpridp00850.pdf/.
35. Bell C., Devarajan S., Gersbach H. The long-run economic costs of AIDS: A model with an application to South Africa. World Bank Economic Review 2006, 20(1):55-89.
36. Bennear, L. S., Tarozzi, A., Pfaff, A., Soumya, H. B., Ahmed, K. M., & van Green, A. (2011). Bright lines, risk beliefs, and risk avoidance: Evidence from a randomized experiment in Bangladesh. Working Paper.
37. Berendes S., Heywood P., Oliver S., Garner P. Quality of private and public ambulatory health care in low and middle income countries: Systematic review of comparative studies. PLoS Med 2011, 8:4.
38. Bhushan I., Bloom E., Clingingsmith D., Hong R., King E., Kremer M., et al. Contracting for health: Evidence from Cambodia 2006, Working Paper Harvard University.
39. Björkman M., Svensson J. Power to the people: Evidence from a randomized field experiment on community-based monitoring in Uganda. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2009, 124(2):735-769.
40. Bleakley H. Disease and development: Evidence from hookworm eradication in the American south. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2007, 122(1):73-117.
41. Bleakley H. Economic effects of childhood exposure to tropical disease. American Economic Review 2009, 99(2):218-223.
42. Bleakley, H. (2009b). Comment on "When Does Improving Health Raise GDP?" NBER chapters. In NBER macroeconomics annual 2008, Volume 23, pp. 205-220.
43. Bleakley H. Health, human capital, and development. Annual Review of Economics 2010, 2:283-310.
44. Bleakley H. Malaria eradication in the Americas: A retrospective analysis of childhood exposure. American Economic Journal: Applied 2010, 2(2):1-45. Working Paper, CEDE/Los Andes.
45. Bleakley, H. & Lin, J. (2007). Thick-market effects and churning in the labor market: Evidence from U.S. cities. Working Papers 07-23, Federal Reserve Bank of Philadelphia.
46. Brauw, A. De & Peterman, A. (2011). Can conditional cash transfers improve maternal health and birth outcomes? Evidence from El Salvador's Comunidades Solidarias Rurales. International Food Policy Research Institute. Working Paper.
47. Burgess, R., Deschenes, O., Donaldson, D., & Greenstone, M. (2010). Weather and death in India. Unpublished Manuscript.
48. Chattopadhyay R., Duflo E. Women as policy makers: Evidence from a randomized policy experiment in India. Econometrica 2004, 72(5):1409-1443.
49. Chaudhury N., Hammer J., Kremer M., Muralidharan K., Halsey Rogers F. Missing in action: Teacher and health worker absence in developing countries. Journal of Economic Perspectives 2006, 20(1):91-116.
50. Chay K.Y., Greenstone M. The impact of air pollution on infant mortality: Evidence from geographic variation in pollution shocks induced by a recession. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2003, 118(3):1121-1167.
51. Chong A., La Ferrara E. Television and divorce: Evidence from Brazilian novelas. Journal of the European Economic Association P&P 2009, 7(2-3):458-468.
52. Coates T. The Voluntary HIV-1 Counseling and Testing Efficacy Study Group. Efficacy of voluntary HIV-1 counselling and testing in individuals and couples in Kenya, Tanzania, and Trinidad: A randomised trial. Lancet 2000, 356:103-112.
53. Cohen J., Dupas P. Free distribution or cost-sharing? Evidence from a malaria prevention experiment. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2010, (in press).
54. Cohen, J., Dupas, P. & Schaner, S. (2011). Prices, diagnostic tests and the demand for malaria treatment: Evidence from a randomized trial. Unpublished Manuscript.
55. Conley D., Bennett N.G. Is biology destiny? Birth weight and life chances. American Sociological Review 2000, 65(3):458-467.
56. Corrigan P., Glomm G., Mendez F. AIDS crisis and growth. Journal of Development Economics 2005, 77(1):107-124.
57. Cretin, S., Williams, A., & Sine, J. (2006). China rural health insurance experiment. RAND Working Paper.
58. Currie J. Healthy, wealthy, and wise: Socioeconomic status, poor health in childhood, and human capital development. Journal of Economic Literature 2009, 47(1):87-122.
59. Currie J., Thomas D. Nature vs. nurture? The Bell curve and children's cognitive achievement 1995, RAND-Labor and Population Program, Paper 95-19.
60. Curtis V., Cairncross S. Effect of washing hands with soap on diarrhea risk in the community: A systematic review. Lancet Infectious Diseases 2003, 3(5):275-281.
61. Cutler D., Miller G. The role of public health improvements in health advances: The 20th century United States. Demography 2005, 42(1):1-22.
62. Cutler D., Fung W., Kremer M., Singhal M., Vogl T. Early-life malaria exposure and adult outcomes: Evidence from malaria eradication in India. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2010, 2(2):72-94.
63. D'Alessandro U.D., Olaleye B.O., McGuire W., Langerock P., Bennett S., Aikins M., et al. Mortality and morbidity from Malaria in Gambian children after introduction of an impregnated bednet programme. The Lancet 1995, 345:479-483.
64. Das Gupta M. Explaining Asia's "Missing Women": A New Look at the Data. Population and Development Review 2005, 31(3):529-535.
65. Das Gupta M. Can biological factors like Hepatitis B explain the bulk of gender imbalance in China? A review of the evidence. World Bank Research Observer 2008, 23(2):201-217.
66. Das J., Gertler P.J. Variations in practice quality in five low-income countries: A conceptual overview. Health Affairs (Milwood) 2007, 26(3):296-309.
67. Das, J. & Hammer, J. (2004). Strained mercy: The quality of medical care in Delhi. Policy Research Working Paper Series 3228, World Bank.
68. Das J., Hammer J. Money for nothing: The dire straits of medical practice in Delhi, India. Journal of Development Economics 2007, 83(1):1-36.
69. Das, J., Hammer, J. & Leonard, K. (2008). The quality of medical advice in low-income countries. Policy Research Working Paper Series 4501, World Bank.
70. Deaton A. Health, inequality, and economic development. Journal of Economic Literature 2003, 41(1):113-158.
71. Debas, H. T., Laxminarayan, R., & Straus, S. E. (2006). Complementary and alternative medicine. In Disease control priorities in developing countries (2nd ed.), pp. 1.281-1.292. New York: Oxford University Press.
72. Delavande, A. & Kohler, H. P. (2009). The impact of HIV testing on subjective expectations and risky behavior in Malawi. Working Paper.
73. Dhaliwal, I. & Tulloch, C. (2009). Cost-effectiveness of interventions to prevent child diarrhea. Abdul Latif Jameel Poverty Action Lab. Available online.
74. Dhaliwal, I., Duflo, E., Glennerster, R., & Tulloch, C. (2011). Comparative cost-effectiveness to inform policy in developing countries: A general framework with applications for education. Available online at http://www.povertyactionlab.org/publication/cost-effectiveness.
75. Di Tella, R. & Schargrodsky, E. (2001). The role of wages and auditing during a crackdown on corruption in the city of Buenos Aires. Working Paper.
76. Di Tella R., Schargrodsky E. The role of wages and auditing during a crackdown on corruption in the city of Buenos Aires 2002, Harvard Business School.
77. Dixon S., McDonald S., Roberts J. AIDS and economic growth in Africa: A panel data analysis. Journal of International Development 2001, 4:411-426.
78. Dow, W. H., Gertler, P., Schoeni, R. F., Strauss, J., & Thomas, D. (2003). Health care prices, health, and labor outcomes: Experimental evidence. PSC Research Report 03-542.
79. Duflo E. Grandmothers and granddaughters: Old-age pensions and intrahousehold allocation in South Africa. World Bank Economic Review 2003, 17(1):1-25.
80. Duflo, E. & Topalova, P. (2003). Unappreciated service: Performance, perceptions, and women leaders in India. Natural Field Experiments 0037, the Field Experiments Website.
81. Duflo, E., Dupas, P., & Kremer, M. (2011a). Education, HIV and early fertility: Experimental evidence from Kenya. Unpublished Manuscript.
82. Duflo, E., Dupas, P., & Kremer, M. (2011b). School governance, pupil-teacher ratios, and teacher incentives: Evidence from Kenyan primary schools. Working Paper.
83. Duflo, E., Dupas, P., Kremer, M., & Sinei, S. (2006). Education and HIV/AIDS prevention: Evidence from a randomized evaluation in Western Kenya. World Bank Policy Research Paper 4024.
84. Duflo, E., Greenstone, M., and Hanna, R. (2008). Indoor air pollution, health and economic well-being. Working Paper.
85. Dunlop, D. W., & Martins, J. M. (1995). An international assessment of health care financing: Lessons for developing countries. World Bank, Washington, DC.
86. Dupas P. What matters (and what does not) in households decision to invest in malaria prevention?. American Economic Review 2009, 99(2):224-230.
87. Dupas P. Short-run subsidies and long-run adoption of new health products: Evidence from a field experiment 2010, UCLA, Unpublished Manuscript.
88. Dupas P. Do teenagers respond to HIV risk information? Evidence from a field experiment in Kenya. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2011, 3(1):1-36.
89. Dupas, P. (2011b). Health behavior in developing countries. Prepared for the Annual Review of Economics, vol. 3.
90. Dupas P., Robinson J. Why don't the poor save more? Evidence from health savings experiments 2011, Mimeo, UCLA.
91. Dupas, P., Hoffmann, V., Kremer, M., & Zwane, A. (2010). Short-term subsidies, lasting adoption? Habit formation in chlorine use. Working Paper.
92. Easterly W. The white man's burden: Why the West's efforts to aid the rest have done so much ill and so little good 2006, Penguin Press.
93. Ebenstein A. The "missing girls" of China and the unintended consequences of the one child policy. Journal of Human Resources 2010, 45(1):87-115.
94. Eide E.R., Showalter M.H. Estimating the relation between health and education: What do we know and what do we need to know?. Economics of Education Review 2011, 30(5):778-791.
95. Ferreira, P. C., & Pessoa, S.D. (2003). The long-run economic impact of AIDS. Working Paper.
96. Field, E., Glennerster, R., & Hussam, R. (2011). Throwing the baby out with the drinking water: Unintended consequences of arsenic mitigation efforts in Bangladesh. Working Paper. Available at http://www.povertyactionlab.org/publication/throwing-baby-out-drinking-water-unintended-consequences-arsenic-mitigation-efforts-bangladesh.
97. Field E., Robles O., Torero M. Iodine deficiency and schooling attainment in Tanzania. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2009, 1(4):140-169.
98. Fiszbein A., Schady N. Conditional cash transfers: Reducing present and future poverty 2009, World Bank Publications.
99. Fogel R.W. Nutrition, physiological capital, and economic growth 2002, Panamerican Health Organization and InterAmerican Development Bank.
100. Fortson J. Mortality risk and human capital investment: The impact of HIV/AIDS in sub-Saharan Africa. Review of Economics and Statistics 2011, 93(1):1-15.
101. Frank, R.G. (2004). Behavioral economics and health economics. NBER Working Paper.
102. Friedman, W., Kremer, M., Miguel, E., & Thornton, R. (2011). Education as liberation? NBER Working Paper Series, vol. w16939. Available at http://www.povertyactionlab.org/publication/education-liberation.
103. Gallup J.L., Sachs J.D. The economic burden of malaria. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2001, 64(1, Supplement):85-96.
104. Garces E., Thomas D., Currie J. Longer-term effects of head start. American Economic Review 2002, 92(4):999-1012.
105. Geoffard P.-Y., Philipson T. Disease eradication: Public vs. private vaccination. American Economic Review 1997, 87:222-230.
106. Gertler P. Do conditional cash transfers improve child health: Evidence from PROGRESA's control randomized experiment. American Economic Review 2004, 94(2):336-341.
107. Gertler P., Boyce S. An experiment in incentive-based welfare: The impact of PROGRESA on health in Mexico 2001, Mimeo, University of California, Berkeley.
108. Gertler P., Gruber J. Insuring consumption against illness. American Economics Review 2002, 92(1):51-70.
109. Giné X., Karlan D., Zinman J. Put your money where your butt is: A commitment contract for smoking cessation. American Economic Journal 2010, 2(4):213-235.
110. Giné X., Townsend R., Vickery J. Patterns of rainfall insurance participation in rural India. World Bank Economic Review 2008, 22(3):539-566.
111. Glennerster, R., Gumede, K., & Sears, D. (2009). Fighting poverty: What works? issue 2: Absenteeism: Showing up is the first step. Available online at http://www.povertyactionlab.org/publication/absentteeism-showing-first-step.
112. Glewwe, P., Park, A., & Zhao, M. (2010). The impact of eyeglasses on academic performance of primary school students: Evidence from a randomized trial in rural China. Working paper.
113. Glewwe P., Kremer M. Schools, teachers, and education outcomes in developing countries. Handbook on the economics of education 2006, vol. 2. North-Holland, Amsterdam and London.
114. Glewwe, P., Koch, S., & Nguyen, B. L. (2001). Child nutrition and economic growth in Vietnam in the 1990s. 2001 Annual meeting, American Agricultural Economics Association.
115. Goldberg P.K. Alfred Marshall lecture intellectual property rights protection in developing countries: The case of pharmaceuticals. Journal of the European Economic Association 2010, 8(2-3):326-353.
116. Goldstein, M., Zivin, J. G., Habyarimana, J., Pop-Eleches, C., & Thirumurthyk, H. (2008). Health worker absence, HIV testing and behavioral change: Evidence from Western Kenya. Working Paper. Available online at http://www.rand.org/content/dam/rand/www/external/labor/seminars/adp/pdfs/2008_thirumurthy.pdf/.
117. Gong E. HIV testing & risky behavior: The effect of being surprised by your HIV status 2010, University of California, Berkeley, Available online at .
118. Grossman M. The human capital model. Handbook of health economics 2000, edition 1 (vol. 1:347-408.
119. Guyatt H.L., Ochola S.A. Use of bednets given free to pregnant women in Kenya. Lancet 2003, 362(9395):1549-1550.
120. Guyatt H.L., Gotink M.H., Ochola S.A. Free bednets to pregnant women through antenatal clinics in Kenya: A cheap, simple and equitable approach to delivery. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2002, 409-420.
121. Habyarimana, J. & Jack, W. (2009). Heckle and chide: Results of a randomized road safety intervention in Kenya. Center for Global Development Working Paper 169.
122. Habyarimana J., Mbakile B., Pop-Eleches C. The impact of HIV/AIDS and ARV treatment on worker absenteeism: Implications for African firms. Journal of Human Resources 2010, 45(4):809.
123. Hall R.E., Jones C.I. The value of life and the rise in health spending. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2007, 122(1):39-72.
124. Hanson K., Berman P. Private health care provision in developing countries: A preliminary analysis of levels and composition. Health and Policy Planning 1998, 13(3):195-211.
125. Hawley W.A., Phillips-Howard P.A., ter Kuile F.O., Terlouw D.J., Vulule J.M., Ombok M., et al. Community-wide effects of permethrin-treated bed nets on child mortality and malaria morbidity in Western Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2003, 68(4 Suppl.):121-127.
126. Hoddinott J., Maluccio J., Behrman J., Flores R., Martorell R. Effect of a nutrition intervention during early childhood on economic productivity in Guatemalan adults. The Lancet 2008, 371(961):411-416.
127. Hoffmann V., Barrett C.B., Just D.R. Do free goods stick to poor households? Experimental evidence on insecticide treated bednets. World Development 2009, 37:607-617.
128. Holla, A. & Kremer, M. (2009). Pricing and access: Lessons from randomized evaluations in education and health. Paper prepared for the Brookings Institution.
129. Hong S.C. A longitudinal analysis of the burden of malaria on health and economic productivity: The American case 2007, University of Chicago mimeo.
130. Hotz, C., Gilligan, D., de Brauw, A., Loechl, C., Arimond, M., Abdelrhaman, L., et al. (2010). A large-scale intervention to introduce beta-carotene rich orange sweet potato was effective in increasing vitamin A intakes among children and women in rural Uganda and Mozambique. Available at http://www.biofortconf.ifpri.info/resources/.
131. Hsiao W.C. Cost pressures: Why is a systemic view of health financing necessary?. Health Affairs 2007, 26:4950-4961.
132. IRCBP Primary health care In Sierra Leone: Clinic resources and perceptions of policy after one year of decentralization 2007, IRCBP Evaluations Unit.
133. IRCBP Report on the IRCBP 2007 national public services survey: public services, governance, dispute resolution and social 2008, IRCBP Evaluations Unit.
134. IRCBP Report on the IRCBP 2008 National public services survey: Public services, governance, and social dynamics 2010, IRCB Evaluations Unit.
135. Jalan J., Somanathan E. The importance of being informed: Experimental evidence on demand for environmental quality. Journal of Development Economics 2008, 87:14-28.
136. Disease control priorities in developing countries 2006, Oxford University Press and World Bank, New York. D.T. Jamison, J.G. Breman, A.R. Measham, G. Alleyne, M. Claeson, D.B. Evans, P. Jha, A. Mills, P. Musgrove (Eds.).
137. Jamison, D.T., Sandbu, M., & Wang, J. (2001). Cross-country variation in mortality decline, 1962-87: The role of country-specific technical progress. Commission on Macroeconomics and Health Working Paper.
138. Jayachandran S. Air quality and early-life mortality: Evidence from Indonesia's wildfi{ligature}res. Journal of Human Resources 2009, 44(4):916-995.
139. Jayachandran, S. & Kuziemko, I. (2009). Why do mothers breastfeed girls less than boys? Evidence and implications for child health in India. NBER Working Paper 15041.
140. Jayachandran S., Lleras-Muney A. Life expectancy and human capital investments: Evidence from maternal mortality declines. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2009, 124(1):349-397.
141. Jensen R., Oster E. The power of TV: Cable television and women's status in India. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2009, 124(3):1057-1094.
142. Jensen, R.T. (2010). Economic opportunities and gender differences in human capital: Experimental evidence for India. NBER Working Paper.
143. Jones, C. I. & Klenow, P. J. (2011). Beyond GDP? Welfare across countries and time. Working Paper. Available online at http://www.stanford.edu/~chadj/rawls300.pdf/.
144. J-PAL (2007). J-PAL Policy Briefcase No. 3: Cheap and effective ways to change adolescents' sexual behavior. Available online at http://www.povertyactionlab.org/publication/cheap-and-effective-ways-change-adolescents039-sexual-behavior.
145. J-PAL (2010). Cost-effectiveness methodology. Available online at http://www.povertyactionlab.org.
146. Jukes M.C.H., Pinder M., Grigorenko E.L., Smith H.B., Walraven G., Bariau E.M. Long-term impact of malaria chemoprophylaxis on cognitive abilities and educational attainment: Follow-up of a controlled trial. Plos Clinical Trials 2006, 1:4.
147. Junhong C. Prenatal sex determination and sex-selective abortion in rural central China. Population and Development Review 2001, 27(2):259-281.
148. Karlan D., Zinman J. Expanding microenterprise credit access: Using randomized supply decisions to estimate the impacts in Manila 2010, Mimeo, Dartmouth and Yale.
149. King G., Imai L., Moore N., Ravishankar V., Téllez-Rojo A. Public policy for the poor? A randomised assessment of the Mexican Universal Health Insurance Programme. The Lancet 2009, 373(9673):1447-1454.
150. Koszegi B., Rabin M. A model of reference-dependent preferences. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2006, 121(4):1133-1166.
151. Kremer M. Integrating behavioral choice into epidemiological models of the AIDS epidemic. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1996, 111(2):549-573.
152. Kremer M. Pharmaceuticals and the developing world. Journal of Economic Perspectives 2002, 16(4):67-90.
153. Kremer M. Randomized evaluations of educational programs in developing countries: Some lessons. American Economic Review 2003, 93(2):102-106.
154. Kremer M., Glennerster R. Strong medicine 2004, Princeton University Press.
155. Kremer M., Miguel E. The illusion of sustainability. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2007, 112(3):1007-1065.
156. Kremer, M. & Snyder, C. (2006). Why is there no AIDS vaccine? Working Paper.
157. Kremer, M., Leino, J., Miguel, E., & Zwane, A. (2011c). Managing rural water infrastructure in Kenya. Working Paper.
158. Kremer M., Miguel E., Leino J., Zwane A. Spring cleaning: Rural water impacts, valuation and property rights institutions. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2011, 126(1):145-205.
159. Kremer, M., Miguel, E., Mullainathan, S., Null, C., & Zwane, A. (2011a). Social engineering: Evidence from a suite of take-up experiments in Kenya. Working Paper.
160. Kremer, M., Snyder, C, & Williams, H. (2008). Which diseases generate the largest epidemiological externalities? Working Paper.
161. Laibson D. Golden eggs and hyperbolic discounting. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1997, 62(May):443-477.
162. LaLonde R. Evaluating the econometric evaluations of training programs with experimental data. American Economic Review 1986, 76:604-620.
163. Leino, J. (2011). Ladies first? Gender and the community management of water infrastructure in Kenya. CID Graduate Student and Research Fellow Working Paper.
164. Leonard K., Masatu M., Vialou A. Getting doctors to do their best: The roles of ability and motivation in health care quality. Journal of Human Resources 2007, 42(3):682-700.
165. Leonard K.L. African traditional healers and outcome-contingent contracts in health care. Journal of Development Economics 2003, 71(1):1-22.
166. Levy S. Progress against poverty: Sustaining Mexico's progresa-oportunidades program 2006, Brookings Institution Press, Washington, DC.
167. Lewin S., Lavis J.N., Oxman A.D., Bastías G., Chopra M., Ciapponi A., et al. Supporting the delivery of cost-effective interventions in primary health-care systems in low-income and middle-income countries: An overview of systematic reviews. Lancet 2008, 372(9642):928-939.
168. Lin M., Luoh M. Can Hepatitis B mothers account for the number of missing women? Evidence from three million newborns in Taiwan. American Economic Review 2007, 98(5):2259-2273.
169. The changing transitions to adulthood in developing countries: Selected studies 2005, National Academies Press, Washington, DC. C.B. Lloyd, J. Behrman, N.P. Stromquist, B. Cohen (Eds.).
170. Loewenstein G., Prelec D. Anomalies in intertemporal choice: Evidence and an interpretation. Quarterly Journal of Economics 1992, 57(2):573-598.
171. Lόpez-Casasnovas G., Rivera B., Currais L. Health and economic growth: Findings and policy implications 2005, MIT Press, Cambridge, MA.
172. Lucas A. Malaria eradication and educational attainment: Evidence from Paraguay and Sri Lanka. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics 2010, 2(2):46-71.
173. Luoto, J. (2009). Information and persuasion: Achieving safe water behavior in Kenya. Working Paper.
174. Maccini S., Yang D. Under the weather: Health, schooling, and economic consequences of early-life rainfall. American Economic Review 2009, 99(3):1006-1026.
175. Madajewicz M., Pfaff A., van Geen A., Graziano J., Hussein I., Momotaj H., et al. Can information alone change behavior? Response to arsenic contamination of groundwater in Bangladesh. Journal of Development Economics 2007, 84:731-754.
176. Mæstad O., Torsvik G., Aakvik A. Overworked? On the relationship between workload and health worker performance. Journal of Health Economics 2010, 29(5):686-698.
177. Maluccio J.A., Hoddinott J., Behrman J.R., Martorell R., Quisumbing A.R., Stein A.D. The impact of improving nutrition during early childhood on education among Guatemalan adults. Economic Journal 2009, 119(537):734-763.
178. Manning W.G., Newhouse J.P., Duan N., Keeler E., Benjamin B., Lebowitz A., et al. Health insurance and the demand for medical care: Evidence from a randomized experiment. American Economic Review 1987, 77(3):251-277.
179. Maxwell C.A., Rwegoshora R.T., Magesa S.M., Curtis C.F. Comparison of coverage with insecticide-treated nets in a Tanzanian town and villages where nets and insecticide are either marketed or provided free of charge. Malaria Journal 2006, 5:44.
180. Mendez M.A., Adair L.S. Severity and timing of stunting in the first two years of life affect performance on cognitive tests in late childhood. Journal of Nutrition 1999, 129:1555-1562.
181. Meng X. & Qian, N. (2009). The long term consequences of famine on survivors: Evidence from a unique natural experiment using China's Great Famine. NBER Working Papers.
182. Miguel E., Gugerty M.K. Ethnic diversity, social sanctions, and public goods in Kenya. Journal of Public Economics 2005, 89(11-12):2325-2368.
183. Miguel E., Kremer M. Worms: Identifying impacts on education and health in the presence of treatment externalities. Econometrica 2004, 72(1):159-217.
184. Noor A., Mutheu J., Tatem A., Hay S., Snow R. Insecticide treated net coverage: Africa mapping progress in 2000-07. Lancet 2009, 373(9657):58-67.
185. Olken, B., Onishi, J. & Wong, S. (2011). Should aid reward performance? Evidence from a field experiment on health and education in Indonesia. Working Paper.
186. Oster E. Hepatitis B and the case of the missing women. Journal of Political Economy 2005, 113(6):1163-1216.
187. Oster E. On explaining Asia's "missing women": Comment on Das Gupta. Population and Development Review 2006, 32(2):323-327.
188. Oster E., Thornton R. Determinants of technology adoption: Private value and peer effects in menstrual cup take-up. Forthcoming. Journal of the European Economic Association 2009.
189. Oster, E. & Thornton, R. (forthcoming). Menstruation, sanitary products and school attendance: Evidence from a randomized evaluation. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics.
190. Oster, E., Chen, G., Yu, X., & Lin, W. (2008). Hepatitis B does not explain male-biased sex ratios in China. NBER Working Paper 13971.
191. Over, M. (2009). AIDS treatment in South Asia: Equity and efficiency arguments for shouldering the fiscal burden when prevalence rates are low. Working Papers 161, Center for Global Development.
192. Ozier, O. (2010). Exploiting externalities to estimate the long-term benefits of early childhood deworming. Unpublished Working Paper, U.C. Berkeley.
193. Pandey P., Sehgal A.R., Riboud M., Levine D., Goyal M. Informing resource-poor populations and the delivery of entitled health and social services in rural India: A cluster randomized controlled trial. Journal of the American Medical Association 2007, 298(16):1867-1875.
194. Pattanayak S.K., Yang J.C., Dickinson K.L., Poulos C., Patil S.R., Mallick R.K., et al. Shame or subsidy revisited: Social mobilization for sanitation in Orissa, India. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 2009, 87(8):580-587.
195. Phadke A. Drug supply and use: Towards a rational policy in India 1998, Sage Publications.
196. Pharoah P.O., Connolly K.J. Effects of maternal iodine supplementation during pregnancy. Archives of Disease in Childhood 1991, 66(1):145-147.
197. Pitt, M. M., Rosenzweig, M., & Hassan, N. (2010). Short- and long-term health effects of burning biomass in the home in low-income countries. Working Paper. Available at http://www.pstc.brown.edu/~mp/papers/iapchild7.pdf/.
198. Pollak R.A. Consistent planning. Review of Economic Studies 1968, 35(102):201.
199. Preston S.H. The changing relation between mortality and level of economic development. Population Studies 1975, 2:231-248.
200. Qian N. Missing women and the price of tea in China: The effect of sex-specific earnings on sex imbalance. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2008, 123:3.
201. Rajasekhar D., Berg E., Ghatak M., Manjula R., Roy S. Implementing health insurance for the poor: The rollout of RSBY in Karnataka, India. Economic and Political Weekly of India 2011, XLVI(20):56-63.
202. Rao C., Lopez A., Hemed Y. Causes of death. Disease and mortality in sub-Saharan Africa 2006, World Bank Publications, Washington, DC. R. Feachem, D. Jamison (Eds.).
203. Reynolds A. Breastfeeding and brain development. Pediatric Clinics of North America 2001, 48(1):159-171.
204. Rhee M., Sissoko M., Perry S., McFarland W., Parsonnet J., Doumbo O. Use of insecticide-treated nets (ITNs) following a malaria education intervention in Piron, Mali: A control trial with systematic allocation of households. Malaria Journal 2005, 4:35.
205. Rosenzweig M.R., Schultz T.P. Estimating a household production function: Heterogeneity, the demand for health inputs, and their effects on birth weight. Journal of Political Economy 1983, 91(5):723-746.
206. Russell S. Ability to pay for health care: Concepts and evidence. Health Policy and Planning 1996, 11:219-237.
207. Schultz T.P. School subsidies for the poor: Evaluating a Mexican strategy for reducing poverty. Journal of Development Economics 2004, 74(1):199-250.
208. Schultz, T. P. (2005). Productive benefits of health: Evidence from low-income countries. Yale Economic Growth Center Discussion Paper #903.
209. Sen A. More than 100 million women are missing. New York Review of Books 1990, 37(20), December 20, 1990).
210. Sen A. Missing women. British Medical Journal 1992, 304(March):587-588.
211. Shastry G.K., Weil D. How much of cross-country income variation is explained by health. Journal of the European Economic Association 2003, 1(2-3):387-396.
212. Simonsen L., Kane A., Lloyd J., Zaffran M., Kane M. Unsafe injections in the developing world and transmission of blood-borne pathogens: A review. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 1999, 77(10):789-800.
213. Sorensen H., Sabroe S., Olsen J., Rothman K., Gillman M., Fischer P. Birth weight and cognitive function in young adult life: Historical cohort study. British Medical Journal 1997, 315:401-403.
214. Spears D. Bounded rationality as deliberation costs: Social marketing uses Lifebouy...and it still stinks 2010, Princeton University, Unpublished Manuscript.
215. Health and growth commission on growth and development 2009, M. Spence, M. Lewis (Eds.).
216. Stockman L.J., Fischer T.K., Deming M., Ngwira B., Bowie C., Cunliffe N., et al. Point-of-use water treatment and use among mothers in Malawi. Emerging Infectious Diseases 2007, 13:7.
217. Strauss J., Thomas D. Health, nutrition, and economic development. Journal of Economic Literature 1998, XXXVI:766-817.
218. Strauss J., Thomas D. Health over the life course 2007, California Center for Population Research, UC Los Angeles.
219. Strotz R.H. Myopia and inconsistency in dynamic utility maximization. Review of Economic Studies 1956, 23(3):165-180. (1955-1956).
220. Tarozzi, A., Mahajan, A., Blackburn, B., Kopf, D., Krishnan, L., & Yoong, J. (2011). Micro-loans, insecticide-treated bednets and malaria: Evidence from a randomized controlled trial in Orissa (India). Working Paper. Available at http://www.econ.duke.edu/~taroz/TarozziEtAl2011RCT.pdf/.
221. Ter Kuile F.O., Terlouw D.J., Phillips-Howard P.A., Hawley W.A., Friedman J.F., Kariuki S.K., et al. Reduction of malaria during pregnancy by peremethrin-treated bed nets in an area of intense perennial malaria transmission in Western Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2003, 68(Suppl. 4):50-60.
222. Thirumurthy H., Zivin J.G., Goldstein M. The economic impact of AIDS treatment: Labor supply in Western Kenya. Journal of Human Resources 2008, 43(3):511-552.
223. Thomas, D., Frankenberg, E., Friedman, J., Habicht, J. P., Hakimi, M., Ingwersen, N., et al. (2006). Causal effect of health on labor market outcomes: Experimental evidence. Working Paper at the California Center for Population Research, UCLA.
224. Thornton R. The demand for, and impact of, learning HIV status. American Economic Review 2008, 98(5):1829-1863.
225. Thornton R., Hatt L., Field E., Islam M., Solís F., González Moncada M.A. Social security health insurance for the informal sector in Nicaragua: A randomized evaluation. Health Economics 2010, 19(S1):181-206.
226. UNICEF (2008). Handbook on water quality. New York, NY, USA.
227. Van Doorslaer E., O'Donnell O., Rannan-Eliya R.P., Somanathan A., Adhikari S.R., Garg C.C., et al. Effect of payments for health care on poverty estimates in 11 countries in Asia: An analysis of household survey data. Lancet 2006, 368:1357-1364.
228. Van Doorslaer E., O'Donnell O., Rannan-Eliya R.P., Somanathan A., Adhikari S.R., Garg C.C., et al. Catastrophic payments for health care in Asia. Health Economics 2006, 16:1159-1184.
229. Vian T. Review of corruption in the health sector: Theory, methods and interventions. Health Policy and Planning 2008, 23(2):83-83-94.
230. Wagstaff A. The economic consequences of health shocks: Evidence from Vietnam. Journal of Health Economics 2007, 26:82-100.
231. Wagstaff A. Social health insurance reexamined. Health Economics 2010, 19:503-517.
232. Wagstaff A., van Doorslaer E. Catastrophe and impoverishment in paying for health care: With applications to Vietnam 1993-1998. Health Economics 2003, 12(11):921-933.
233. Walker D., Fox-Rushby J. Economic evaluation of parasitic diseases: A critique of the internal and external validity of published studies. Tropical Medicine & International Health 2000, 5:237-249.
234. Weil D. Accounting for the effect of health on economic growth. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2007, 122(3):1265-1306.
235. Wiseman V., Hawley W.A., ter Kuile F.O., Phillipa-Howard P.A., Vulule J.M., Nahle B.L., et al. The cost-effectiveness of permethrin-treated bed nets in an area of intense malaria transmission in Western Kenya. American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene 2003, 68(Suppl. 4):161-167.
236. World Bank World development report 2004: Making services work for the poor 2004, World Bank Publications, Washington, DC.
237. World Bank Conditional cash transfers: Reducing present and future poverty 2009, World Bank Publications, Washington, DC.
238. World Bank (2011). World DataBank. Accessed 05.11.2011. http://databank.worlbank.org/dpp/home.do/.
239. World Health Organization The world health report 2002: Reducing risks promoting healthy life 2002, WHO, Geneva.
240. World Health Organization (2005a). Indoor air pollution and health. Fact Sheet 292. Available at http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs292/en/.
241. World Health Organization Country health system fact sheet 2006, Benin 2006, WHO, Geneva.
242. World Health Organization The global burden of disease, 2004 update 2008, WHO, Geneva.
243. World Health Organization (2010a). 10 facts on malaria. http://www.who.int/features/factfiles/malaria/en/index.html/.
244. World Health Organization (2010b). World health statistics. Available online at http://www.who.int/whosis/whostat/EN_WHS10_Full.pdf/.
245. Wright J., Gundry S., Conroy R. Household drinking water in developing countries: A systematic review of microbiological contamination between source and point-of-use. Tropical Medicine and International Health 2004, 9(1):106-117.
246. Xue-Yi I., Xin-Min J., Kareem A., Zhi-Hong D., Rakeman M.A., Zhang Ming L. Irrigation of water as a method of supplying iodine to a severely iodine-deficient population in Xinjiang, China. The Lancet 1994, 334:107-110.
247. Yip W., Hsiao W.C. Non-evidence-based policy: How effective is China's new cooperative medical scheme in reducing medical impoverishment?. Social Science and Medicine 2009, 68(2):201-209.
248. Young A. The gift of the dying: The tragedy of AIDS and the welfare of future African generations. Quarterly Journal of Economics 2005, 120(2):423-466.
249. Zwane A., Zinman J., van Dusen E., Pariente W., Null C., Miguel E., et al. Being surveyed can change later behavior and related parameter estimates. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 2011, 108(5):1821-1826.
250. Zweifel, P. & Manning, W. G. (2000). Moral hazard and consumer incentives in health care. In A. J. Culyer & J. P. Newhouse (Eds.), Handbook of health economics (Vol. 1, pp. 409-459). Boston: North Holland. (Chapter 8).