IGF-1 gene polymorphisms in Polish families with high-grade myopia

Molecular Vision

Volumn 17, Issue , 2011, Pages 2428-2439

  Rydzanicz, Malgorzata ^a   Nowak, Dorota M ^a   Karolak, Justyna A ^a   Frajdenberg, Agata ^b,c   Podfigurna Musielak, Monika ^d   Mrugacz, Malgorzata ^e   Gajecka, Marzena ^a  

^a INSTITUTE OF HUMAN GENETICS   (Poland)

^b Namsos Hospital   (Norway)

^c LINKÖPING UNIVERSITY HOSPITAL   (Sweden)

^d Leszno Hospital   (Poland)

^e University of Medical Sciences   (Poland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

SOMATOMEDIN C;

ADULT; ARTICLE; CLINICAL ARTICLE; EYE AXIS LENGTH; EYE EXAMINATION; FAMILY STUDY; FEMALE; GENE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENE LOCUS; GENETIC ASSOCIATION; GENETIC VARIABILITY; HAPLOTYPE; HIGH MYOPIA; HUMAN; IGF 1 GENE; MALE; MYOPIA; PEDIGREE ANALYSIS; PHENOTYPE; POLAND; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM; SEQUENCE ANALYSIS; SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE POLYMORPHISM;

ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AGED; AGED, 80 AND OVER; ALLELES; AXIAL LENGTH, EYE; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; EYE; FEMALE; GENE FREQUENCY; GENOTYPE; HAPLOTYPES; HUMANS; INSULIN-LIKE GROWTH FACTOR I; LINKAGE DISEQUILIBRIUM; MALE; MIDDLE AGED; MYOPIA; PEDIGREE; PHENOTYPE; POLAND; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; POLYMORPHISM, RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH; POLYMORPHISM, SINGLE NUCLEOTIDE;

EID: 83055173977     PISSN: None     EISSN: 10900535     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (89)

1. Pararajasegaram R. VISION 2020-the right to sight: from strategies to action. Am J Ophthalmol 1999; 128:359-60. [PMID: 10511033]
2. Vitale S, Cotch MF, Sperduto R, Ellwein L. Costs of refractive correction of distance vision impairment in the United States, 1999-2002. Ophthalmology 2006; 113:2163-70. [PMID: 16996610]
3. Cline D, Hofstetter HW, Griffin JR. Dictionary of Visual Science. 4th ed. Boston: Butterworth-Heinemann; 1997.
4. Burton TC. The influence of refractive error and lattice degeneration on the incidence of retinal detachment. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1989; 87:143-55. [PMID: 2562517]
5. Brown NA, Hill AR. Cataract: the relation between myopia and cataract morphology. Br J Ophthalmol 1987; 71:405-14. [PMID: 3620419]
6. Mitchell P, Hourihan F, Sandbach J, Wang JJ. The relationship between glaucoma and myopia: the Blue Mountains Eye Study. Ophthalmology 1999; 106:2010-5. [PMID: 10519600]
7. Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Moeschberger ML, Jones LA, Zadnik K. Parental myopia, near work, school achievement, and children's refractive error. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2002; 43:3633-40. [PMID: 12454029]
8. Jones LA, Sinnott LT, Mutti DO, Mitchell GL, Moeschberger ML, Zadnik K. Parental history of myopia, sports and outdoor activities, and future myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2007; 48:3524-32. [PMID: 17652719]
9. Cordain L, Eaton SB, Brand MJ, Lindeberg S, Jensen C. An evolutionary analysis of the aetiology and pathogenesis of juvenile-onset myopia. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 2002; 80:125-35. [PMID: 11952477]
10. Czepita D, Goslawski W, Mojsa A, Muszyñska-Lachota I. Role of light emitted by incandescent or fluorescent lamps in the development of myopia and astigmatism. Med Sci Monit 2004; 10:168-71. [PMID: 15039648]
11. Hammond CJ, Snieder H, Gilbert CE, Spector TD. Genes and environment in refractive error: the twin eye study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2001; 42:1232-6. [PMID: 11328732]
12. Dirani M, Chamberlain M, Shekar SN, Islam AF, Garoufalis P, Chen CY, Guymer RH, Baird PN. Heritability of refractive error and ocular biometrics: the Genes in Myopia (GEM) twin study. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47:4756-61. [PMID: 17065484]
13. Liang CL, Yen E, Su JY, Liu C, Chang TY, Park N, Wu MJ, Lee S, Flynn JT, Juo SH. Impact of family history of high myopia on level and onset of myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45:3446-52. [PMID: 15452048]
14. Sorsby A, Benjamin B. Modes of inheritance of errors of refraction. J Med Genet 1973; 10:161-4. [PMID: 4714583]
15. Young TL, Metlapally R, Shay AE. Complex trait genetics of refractive error. Arch Ophthalmol 2007; 125:38-48. [PMID: 17210850]
16. Schwartz M, Haim M, Skarsholm D. X-linked myopia: Bornholm eye disease-linkage to DNA markers on the distal part of Xq. Clin Genet 1990; 38:281-6. [PMID: 1980096]
17. Young TL, Deeb SS, Ronan SM, Dewan AT, Alvear AB, Scavello GS, Paluru PC, Brott MS, Hayashi T, Holleschau AM, Benegas N, Schwartz M, Atwood LD, Oetting WS, Rosenberg T, Motulsky AG, King RA. X-linked high myopia associated with cone dysfunction. Arch Ophthalmol 2004; 122:897-908. [PMID: 15197065]
18. Young TL, Ronan SM, Drahozal LA, Wildenberg SC, Alvear AB, Oetting WS, Atwood LD, Wilkin DJ, King RA. Evidence that a locus for familial high myopia maps to chromosome 18p. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63:109-19. [PMID: 9634508]
19. Lam DS, Tam PO, Fan DS, Baum L, Leung YF, Pang CP. Familial high myopia linkage to chromosome 18p. Ophthalmologica 2003; 217:115-8. [PMID: 12592049]
20. Young TL, Ronan SM, Alvear AB, Wildenberg SC, Oetting WS, Atwood LD, Wilkin DJ, King RA. A second locus for familial high myopia maps to chromosome 12q. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63:1419-24. [PMID: 9792869]
21. Nürnberg G, Jacobi FK, Broghammer M, Becker C, Blin N, Nürnberg P, Stephani U, Pusch CM. Refinement of the MYP3 locus on human chromosome 12 in a German family with Mendelian autosomal dominant high-grade myopia by SNP array mapping. Int J Mol Med 2008; 21:429-38. [PMID: 18360688]
22. Farbrother JE, Kirov G, Owen MJ, Pong-Wong R, Haley CS, Guggenheim JA. Linkage analysis of the genetic loci for high myopia on 18p, 12q, and 17q in 51 U.K. families. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45:2879-85. [PMID: 15326098]
23. Naiglin L, Gazagne C, Dallongeville F, Thalamas C, Idder A, Rascol O, Malecaze F, Calvas P. A genome wide scan for familial high myopia suggests a novel locus on chromosome 7q36. J Med Genet 2002; 39:118-24. [PMID: 11836361]
24. Paluru P, Ronan SM, Heon E, Devoto M, Wildenberg SC, Scavello G, Holleschau A, Mäkitie O, Cole WG, King RA, Young TL. New locus for autosomal dominant high myopia maps to the long arm of chromosome 17. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44:1830-6. [PMID: 12714612]
25. Zhang Q, Guo X, Xiao X, Jia X, Li S, Hejtmancik JF. A new locus for autosomal dominant high myopia maps to 4q22-q27 between D4S1578 and D4S1612. Mol Vis 2005; 11:554-60. [PMID: 16052171]
26. Paluru PC, Nallasamy S, Devoto M, Rappaport EF, Young TL. Identification of a novel locus on 2q for autosomal dominant high-grade myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:2300-7. [PMID: 15980214]
27. Zhang Q, Guo X, Xiao X, Jia X, Li S, Hejtmancik JF. Novel locus for X linked recessive high myopia maps to Xq23-q25 but outside MYP1. J Med Genet 2006; 43:e20. [PMID: 16648373]
28. Nallasamy S, Paluru PC, Devoto M, Wasserman NF, Zhou J, Young TL. Genetic linkage study of high-grade myopia in a Hutterite population from South Dakota. Mol Vis 2007; 13:229-36. [PMID: 17327828]
29. Lam CY, Tam PO, Fan DS, Fan BJ, Wang DY, Lee CW, Pang CP, Lam DS. A genome-wide scan maps a novel high myopia locus to 5p15. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49:3768-78. [PMID: 18421076]
30. Yang Z, Xiao X, Li S, Zhan Q. Clinical and linkage study on a consanguineous Chinese family with autosomal recessive high myopia. Mol Vis 2009; 15:312-8. [PMID: 19204786]
31. Ma JH, Shen SH, Zhang GW, Zhao DS, Xu C, Pan CM, Jiang H, Wang ZQ, Song HD. Identification of a locus for autosomal dominant high myopia on chromosome 5p13.3-p15.1 in a Chinese family. Mol Vis 2010; 16:2043-54. [PMID: 21042559]
32. Solouki AM, Verhoeven VJ, van Duijn CM, Verkerk AJ, Ikram MK, Hysi PG, Despriet DD, van Koolwijk LM, Ho L, Ramdas WD, Czudowska M, Kuijpers RW, Amin N, Struchalin M, Aulchenko YS, van Rij G, Riemslag FC, Young TL, Mackey DA, Spector TD, Gorgels TG, Willemse-Assink JJ, Isaacs A, Kramer R, Swagemakers SM, Bergen AA, van Oosterhout AA, Oostra BA, Rivadeneira F, Uitterlinden AG, Hofman A, de Jong PT, Hammond CJ, Vingerling JR, Klaver CC. A genome-wide association study identifies a susceptibility locus for refractive errors and myopia at 15q14. Nat Genet 2010; 42:897-901. [PMID: 20835239]
33. Hysi PG, Young TL, Mackey DA, Andrew T, Fernández-Medarde A, Solouki AM, Hewitt AW, Macgregor S, Vingerling JR, Li YJ, Ikram MK, Fai LY, Sham PC, Manyes L, Porteros A, Lopes MC, Carbonaro F, Fahy SJ, Martin NG, van Duijn CM, Spector TD, Rahi JS, Santos E, Klaver CC, Hammond CJ. A genome-wide association study for myopia and refractive error identifies a susceptibility locus at 15q25. Nat Genet 2010; 42:902-5. [PMID: 20835236]
34. Inamori Y, Ota M, Inoko H, Okada E, Nishizaki R, Shiota T, Mok J, Oka A, Ohno S, Mizuki N. The COL1A1 gene and high myopia susceptibility in Japanese. Hum Genet 2007; 122:151-7. [PMID: 17557158]
35. Metlapally R, Li YJ, Tran-Viet KN, Abbott D, Czaja GR, Malecaze F, Calvas P, Mackey D, Rosenberg T, Paget S, Zayats T, Owen MJ, Guggenheim JA, Young TL. COL1A1 and COL2A1 genes and myopia susceptibility: evidence of association and suggestive linkage to the COL2A1 locus. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:4080-6. [PMID: 19387081]
36. Hayashi T, Inoko H, Nishizaki R, Ohno S, Mizuki N. Exclusion of transforming growth factor-beta1 as a candidate gene for myopia in the Japanese. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2007; 51:96-9. [PMID: 17401617]
37. Zha Y, Leung KH, Lo KK, Fung WY, Ng PW, Shi MG, Yap MK, Yip SP. TGFB1 as a susceptibility gene for high myopia: a replication study with new findings. Arch Ophthalmol 2009; 127:541-8. [PMID: 19365037]
38. Scavello GS, Paluru PC, Ganter WR, Young TL. Sequence variants in the transforming growth beta-induced factor (TGIF) gene are not associated with high myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2004; 45:2091-7. [PMID: 15223781]
39. Pertile KK, Schäche M, Islam FM, Chen CY, Dirani M, Mitchell P, Baird PN. Assessment of TGIF as a candidate gene for myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2008; 49:49-54. [PMID: 18172074]
40. Wang P, Li S, Xiao X, Jia X, Jiao X, Guo X, Zhang Q. High myopia is not associated with the SNPs in the TGIF, lumican, TGFB1, and HGF genes. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:1546-51. [PMID: 19060265]
41. Lin HJ, Wan L, Tsai Y, Chen WC, Tsai SW, Tsai FJ. The association between lumican gene polymorphisms and high myopia. Eye (Lond) 2010; 24:1093-101. [PMID: 20010793]
42. Han W, Yap MK, Wang J, Yip SP. Family-based association analysis of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) gene polymorphisms in high myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2006; 47:2291-9. [PMID: 16723436]
43. Yanovitch T, Li YJ, Metlapally R, Abbott D, Viet KN, Young TL. Hepatocyte growth factor and myopia: genetic association analyses in a Caucasian population. Mol Vis 2009; 15:1028-35. [PMID: 19471602]
44. Tang WC, Yip SP, Lo KK, Ng PW, Choi PS, Lee SY, Yap MK. Linkage and association of myocilin (MYOC) polymorphisms with high myopia in a Chinese population. Mol Vis 2007; 13:534-44. [PMID: 17438518]
45. Zayats T, Yanovitch T, Creer RC, McMahon G, Li YJ, Young TL, Guggenheim JA. Myocilin polymorphisms and high myopia in subjects of European origin. Mol Vis 2009; 15:213-22. [PMID: 19180258]
46. Hewitt AW, Kearns LS, Jamieson RV, Williamson KA, van Heyningen V, Mackey DA. PAX6 mutations may be associated with high myopia. Ophthalmic Genet 2007; 28:179-82. [PMID: 17896318]
47. Ng TK, Lam CY, Lam DS, Chiang SW, Tam PO, Wang DY, Fan BJ, Yam GH, Fan DS, Pang CP. AC and AG dinucleotide repeats in the PAX6 P1 promoter are associated with high myopia. Mol Vis 2009; 15:2239-48. [PMID: 19907666]
48. Nishizaki R, Ota M, Inoko H, Meguro A, Shiota T, Okada E, Mok J, Oka A, Ohno S, Mizuki N. New susceptibility locus for high myopia is linked to the uromodulin-like 1 (UMODL1) gene region on chromosome 21q22.3. Eye (Lond) 2009; 23:222-9. [PMID: 18535602]
49. Metlapally R, Ki CS, Li YJ, Tran-Viet KN, Abbott D, Malecaze F, Calvas P, Mackey DA, Rosenberg T, Paget S, Guggenheim JA, Young TL. Genetic association of insulin-like growth factor-1 polymorphisms with high-grade myopia in an international family cohort. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2010; 51:4476-9. [PMID: 20435602]
50. Werner H, Leroith D. New concepts in regulation and function of the insulin-like growth factors: implications for understanding normal growth and neoplasia. Cell Mol Life Sci 2000; 57:932-42. [PMID: 10950308]
51. Bartke A. The somatotropic axis and aging: Mechanisms and persistent questions about practical implications. Exp Gerontol 2009; 44:372-4. [PMID: 19371777]
52. Dunger DB, Ong KK, Sandhu MS. Serum insulin-like growth factor-I levels and potential risk of type 2 diabetes. Horm Res 2003; 60:131-5. [PMID: 14671410]
53. Pollak M. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor signalling in neoplasia. Nat Rev Cancer 2008; 8:915-28. [PMID: 19029956]
54. Netchine I, Azzi S, Houang M, Seurin D, Perin L, Ricort JM, Daubas C, Legay C, Mester J, Herich R, Godeau F, Le Bouc Y. Partial primary deficiency of insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I activity associated with IGF1 mutation demonstrates its critical role in growth and brain development. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2009; 94:3913-21. [PMID: 19773405]
55. Hellström A, Engström E, Hard AL, Albertsson-Wikland K, Carlsson B, Niklasson A, Löfqvist C, Svensson E, Holm S, Ewald U, Holmström G, Smith LE. Postnatal serum insulinlike growth factor I deficiency is associated with retinopathy of prematurity and other complications of premature birth. Pediatrics 2003; 112:1016-20. [PMID: 14595040]
56. Pérez-Muñuzuri A, Fernández-Lorenzo JR, Couce-Pico ML, Blanco-Teijeiro MJ, Fraga-Bermúdez JM. Serum levels of IGF1 are a useful predictor of retinopathy of prematurity. Acta Paediatr 2010; 99:519-25. [PMID: 20085549]
57. Rosenthal R, Wohlleben H, Malek G, Schlichting L, Thieme H, Bowes Rickman C, Strauss O. Insulin-like growth factor-1 contributes to neovascularization in age-related macular degeneration. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2004; 323:1203-8. [PMID: 15451424]
58. Bergman PB, Moravski CJ, Edmondson SR, Russo VC, Bach LA, Wilkinson-Berka JL, Werther GA. Expression of the IGF system in normal and diabetic transgenic (mRen-2)27 rat eye. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2005; 46:2708-15. [PMID: 16043842]
59. Wilkinson-Berka JL, Wraight C, Werther G. The role of growth hormone, insulin-like growth factor and somatostatin in diabetic retinopathy. Curr Med Chem 2006; 13:3307-17. [PMID: 17168853]
60. Rydzanicz M, Wróbel M, Cywińska K, Froehlich D, Gawecki W, Szyfter W, Szyfter K. Screening of the general Polish population for deafness-associated mutations in mitochondrial 12S rRNA and tRNA Ser(UCN) genes. Genet Test Mol Biomarkers 2009; 13:167-72. [PMID: 19371214]
61. Rydzanicz M, Nath SK, Sun C, Podfigurna-Musielak M, Frajdenberg A, Mrugacz M, Winters D, Ratnamala U, Radhakrishna U, Bejjani BA, Gajecka M. Identification of novel suggestive loci for high-grade myopia in Polish families. Mol Vis 2011; 17:2028-39. [PMID: 21850178]
62. O'Connell JR, Weeks DE. PedCheck: a program for identification of genotype incompatibilities in linkage analysis. Am J Hum Genet 1998; 63:259-66. [PMID: 9634505]
63. Purcell S, Neale B, Todd-Brown K, Thomas L, Ferreira MA, Bender D, Maller J, Sklar P, de Bakker PI, Daly MJ, Sham PC. PLINK: a tool set for whole-genome association and population-based linkage analyses. Am J Hum Genet 2007; 81:559-75. [PMID: 17701901]
64. Barrett JC, Fry B, Maller J, Daly MJ. Haploview: analysis and visualization of LD and haplotype maps. Bioinformatics 2005; 21:263-5. [PMID: 15297300]
65. Spielman RS, Ewens WJ. The TDT and other family-based tests for linkage disequilibrium and association. Am J Hum Genet 1996; 59:983-9. [PMID: 8900224]
66. Laird NM, Horvath S, Xu X. Implementing a unified approach to family-based tests of association. Genet Epidemiol 2000; 19:S36-42. [PMID: 11055368]
67. Rabinowitz D, Laird N. A unified approach to adjusting association tests for population admixture with arbitrary pedigree structure and arbitrary missing marker information. Hum Hered 2000; 50:211-23. [PMID: 10782012]
68. Martin ER, Monks SA, Warren LL, Kaplan NL. A test for linkage and association in general pedigrees: the pedigree disequilibrium test. Am J Hum Genet 2000; 67:146-54. [PMID: 10825280]
69. Tang WC, Yap MK, Yip SP. A review of current approaches to identifying human genes involved in myopia. Clin Exp Optom 2008; 91:4-22. [PMID: 18045248]
70. Hornbeak DM, Young TL. Myopia genetics: a review of current research and emerging trends. Curr Opin Ophthalmol 2009; 20:356-62. [PMID: 19587595]
71. Mazumder B, Seshadri V, Fox PL. Translational control by the 3?-UTR: the ends specify the means. Trends Biochem Sci 2003; 28:91-8. [PMID: 12575997]
72. Lee EK, Gorospe M. Minireview: posttranscriptional regulation of the insulin and insulin-like growth factor systems. Endocrinology 2010; 151:1403-8. [PMID: 20032049]
73. Bartel DP. MicroRNAs: genomics, biogenesis, mechanism, and function. Cell 2004; 116:281-97. [PMID: 14744438]
74. Chen JM, Férec C, Cooper DN. A systematic analysis of disease-associated variants in the 3' regulatory regions of human protein-coding genes I: general principles and overview. Hum Genet 2006; 120:1-21. [PMID: 16645853]
75. Zhu X, Wallman J. Opposite effects of glucagon and insulin on compensation for spectacle lenses in chicks. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:24-36. [PMID: 18791176]
76. Feldkaemper MP, Neacsu I, Schaeffel F. Insulin acts as a powerful stimulator of axial myopia in chicks. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:13-23. [PMID: 18599564]
77. Shirke S, Faber SC, Hallem E, Makarenkova HP, Robinson ML, Overbeek PA, Lang RA. Misexpression of IGF-I in the mouse lens expands the transitional zone and perturbs lens polarization. Mech Dev 2001; 101:167-74. [PMID: 11231069]
78. Xie L, Chen H, Overbeek PA, Reneker LW. Elevated insulin signaling disrupts the growth and differentiation pattern of the mouse lens. Mol Vis 2007; 13:397-407. [PMID: 17417601]
79. Bourla DH, Laron Z, Snir M, Lilos P, Weinberger D, Axer-Siegel R. Insulinlike growth factor I affects ocular development: a study of untreated and treated patients with Laron syndrome. Ophthalmology 2006; 113:1197. e1-5. [PMID: 17417601]
80. Lam DS, Lee WS, Leung YF, Tam PO, Fan DS, Fan BJ, Pang CP. TGFbeta-induced factor: a candidate gene for high myopia. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2003; 44:1012-5. [PMID: 12601022]
81. Nakanishi H, Yamada R, Gotoh N, Hayashi H, Otani A, Tsujikawa A, Yamashiro K, Shimada N, Ohno-Matsui K, Mochizuki M, Saito M, Saito K, Iida T, Matsuda F, Yoshimura N. Absence of association between COL1A1 polymorphisms and high myopia in the Japanese population. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2009; 50:544-50. [PMID: 18836165]
82. Hayashi T, Inoko H, Nishizaki R, Ohno S, Mizuki N. Exclusion of transforming growth factor-beta1 as a candidate gene for myopia in the Japanese. Jpn J Ophthalmol 2007; 51:96-9. [PMID: 17401617]
83. Colhoun HM, McKeigue PM, Davey Smith G. Problems of reporting genetic associations with complex outcomes. Lancet 2003; 361:865-72. [PMID: 12642066]
84. Ioannidis JP. Why most published research findings are false. PLoS Med 2005; 2:e124. [PMID: 16060722]
85. Newton-Cheh C, Hirschhorn JN. Genetic association studies of complex traits: design and analysis issues. Mutat Res 2005; 573:54-69. [PMID: 15829237]
86. Price AL, Butler J, Patterson N, Capelli C, Pascali VL, Scarnicci F, Ruiz-Linares A, Groop L, Saetta AA, Korkolopoulou P, Seligsohn U, Waliszewska A, Schirmer C, Ardlie K, Ramos A, Nemesh J, Arbeitman L, Goldstein DB, Reich D, Hirschhorn JN. Discerning the ancestry of European Americans in genetic association studies. PLoS Genet 2008; 4:e236. [PMID: 18208327]
87. Manly KF. Reliability of statistical associations between genes and disease. Immunogenetics 2005; 57:549-58. [PMID: 16086172]
88. Dahlman I, Eaves IA, Kosoy R, Morrison VA, Heward J, Gough SC, Allahabadia A, Franklyn JA, Tuomilehto J, Tuomilehto-Wolf E, Cucca F, Guja C, Ionescu-Tirgoviste C, Stevens H, Carr P, Nutland S, McKinney P, Shield JP, Wang W, Cordell HJ, Walker N, Todd JA, Concannon P. Parameters for reliable results in genetic association studies in common disease. Nat Genet 2002; 30:149-50. [PMID: 11799396]
89. Hirschhorn JN, Daly MJ. Genome-wide association studies for common diseases and complex traits. Nat Rev Genet 2005; 6:95-108. [PMID: 15716906]