메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 279, Issue 1727, 2012, Pages 209-218

Fitness consequences of plants growing with siblings: Reconciling kin selection, niche partitioning and competitive ability

Author keywords

Fitness; Kin selection; Niche partitioning; Plant; Sibling competition

Indexed keywords

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK; FITNESS; FUTURE PROSPECT; GROWTH RATE; KIN SELECTION; NICHE PARTITIONING; PLANT COMMUNITY; SIBLING; THEORETICAL STUDY;

EID: 82955169668     PISSN: 09628452     EISSN: 14712970     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2011.1995     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (122)

References (104)
  • 1
    • 0031450453 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant competition underground
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.545
    • Casper, B. B. & Jackson, R. B. 1997 Plant competition underground. Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 28, 545-570. doi:10.1146/annurev.ecolsys.28.1.545
    • (1997) Ann. Rev. Ecol. Syst , vol.28 , pp. 545-570
    • Casper, B.B.1    Jackson, R.B.2
  • 3
    • 66149084929 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Picking battles wisely: Plant behaviour under competition
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01979.x
    • Novoplansky, A. 2009 Picking battles wisely: plant behaviour under competition. Plant Cell Environ. 32, 726-741. doi:10.1111/j.1365-3040.2009.01979.x
    • (2009) Plant Cell Environ , vol.32 , pp. 726-741
    • Novoplansky, A.1
  • 4
    • 33745942317 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of root exudates in rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms
    • doi:10.1146/ annurev.arplant.57.032905.105159
    • Bais, H. P., Weir, T. L., Perry, L. G., Gilroy, S. & Vivanco, J. M. 2006 The role of root exudates in rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 57, 233-266. doi:10.1146/ annurev.arplant.57.032905.105159
    • (2006) Annu. Rev. Plant Biol , vol.57 , pp. 233-266
    • Bais, H.P.1    Weir, T.L.2    Perry, L.G.3    Gilroy, S.4    Vivanco, J.M.5
  • 5
    • 0001886406 scopus 로고
    • On the relationship between plant traits and competitive ability
    • (eds J. B. Grace & D. Tilman, NY, USA: Academic Press
    • Grace, J. B. 1990 On the relationship between plant traits and competitive ability. In Perspectives on plant competition (eds J. B. Grace & D. Tilman), pp. 51-65. NY, USA: Academic Press.
    • (1990) Perspectives On Plant Competition , pp. 51-65
    • Grace, J.B.1
  • 6
    • 33847381186 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Factors determining plant-neighbour interactions on different spatial scales in young species-rich grassland communities
    • doi:10.1007/ s11284-006-0018-8
    • Milbau, A., Reheul, D., De Cauwer, B. & Nijs, I. 2007 Factors determining plant-neighbour interactions on different spatial scales in young species-rich grassland communities. Ecol. Res. 22, 242-247. doi:10.1007/ s11284-006-0018-8
    • (2007) Ecol. Res , vol.22 , pp. 242-247
    • Milbau, A.1    Reheul, D.2    de Cauwer, B.3    Nijs, I.4
  • 7
    • 0001366406 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of kin selection
    • doi:10.2307/2407991
    • Wade, M. J. 1980 An experimental study of kin selection. Evolution 34, 844-855. doi:10.2307/2407991
    • (1980) Evolution , vol.34 , pp. 844-855
    • Wade, M.J.1
  • 8
    • 0013770258 scopus 로고
    • The genetical evolution of social behavior, I & II
    • doi:10.1016/ 0022-5193(64)90038-4
    • Hamilton, W. D. 1964 The genetical evolution of social behavior, I & II. J. Theor. Biol. 7, 1-52. doi:10.1016/ 0022-5193(64)90038-4
    • (1964) J. Theor. Biol , vol.7 , pp. 1-52
    • Hamilton, W.D.1
  • 9
    • 0019434210 scopus 로고
    • Sib competition can favour sex in two ways
    • doi:10.1016/ 0022-5193(81)90249-6
    • Young, J. P. W. 1981 Sib competition can favour sex in two ways. J. Theor. Biol. 88, 755-756. doi:10.1016/ 0022-5193(81)90249-6
    • (1981) J. Theor. Biol , vol.88 , pp. 755-756
    • Young, J.P.W.1
  • 11
    • 0024880958 scopus 로고
    • Relatedness and intraspecific competition in Plantago lanceolata
    • doi:10.1086/285020
    • Tonsor, S. J. 1989 Relatedness and intraspecific competition in Plantago lanceolata. Am. Nat. 134, 897-906. doi:10.1086/285020
    • (1989) Am. Nat , vol.134 , pp. 897-906
    • Tonsor, S.J.1
  • 12
    • 0037491745 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The influence of neighbor relatedness on multilevel selection in the Great Lakes sea rocket
    • doi:10.1086/375299
    • Donohue, K. 2003 The influence of neighbor relatedness on multilevel selection in the Great Lakes sea rocket. Am. Nat. 162, 77-92. doi:10.1086/375299
    • (2003) Am. Nat , vol.162 , pp. 77-92
    • Donohue, K.1
  • 13
    • 65649104400 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Self-recognition affects plant communication and defense
    • doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01313.x
    • Karban, R. & Shiojiri, K. 2009 Self-recognition affects plant communication and defense. Ecol. Lett. 12, 502-506. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2009.01313.x
    • (2009) Ecol. Lett , vol.12 , pp. 502-506
    • Karban, R.1    Shiojiri, K.2
  • 14
    • 0035138585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inter- and intragenotypic competition under elevated carbon dioxide in Arabidopsis thaliana
    • doi:10. 1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0157:IAICUE]2.0.CO;2
    • Andalo, C., Goldringer, I. & Godelle, B. 2001 Inter- and intragenotypic competition under elevated carbon dioxide in Arabidopsis thaliana. Ecology 82, 157-164. doi:10. 1890/0012-9658(2001)082[0157:IAICUE]2.0.CO;2
    • (2001) Ecology , vol.82 , pp. 157-164
    • Andalo, C.1    Goldringer, I.2    Godelle, B.3
  • 15
    • 0030472869 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence against a frequencydependent advantage for sexual reproduction in Allium vineale
    • doi:10.1086/285876
    • Ronsheim, M. L. 1996 Evidence against a frequencydependent advantage for sexual reproduction in Allium vineale. Am. Nat. 147, 718-734. doi:10.1086/285876
    • (1996) Am. Nat , vol.147 , pp. 718-734
    • Ronsheim, M.L.1
  • 16
    • 78449236559 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential response to frequency-dependent interactions: An experimental test using genotypes of an invasive grass
    • doi:10.1007/s00442-010-1719-9
    • Collins, A., Hart, E. M. & Molofsky, J. 2010 Differential response to frequency-dependent interactions: an experimental test using genotypes of an invasive grass. Oecologia 164, 959-969. doi:10.1007/s00442-010-1719-9
    • (2010) Oecologia , vol.164 , pp. 959-969
    • Collins, A.1    Hart, E.M.2    Molofsky, J.3
  • 17
    • 58149359968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competition among Eucalyptus trees depends on genetic variation and resource supply
    • doi:10.1890/07-1733.1
    • Boyden, S., Binkley, D. & Stape, J. L. 2008 Competition among Eucalyptus trees depends on genetic variation and resource supply. Ecology 89, 2850-2859. doi:10.1890/07-1733.1
    • (2008) Ecology , vol.89 , pp. 2850-2859
    • Boyden, S.1    Binkley, D.2    Stape, J.L.3
  • 18
    • 0001700334 scopus 로고
    • Population studies in predominantly self-pollinating species. XIII. Intergenotypic competition and population structure in barley and wheat
    • doi:10.1086/282630
    • Allard, R.W. & Adams, J. 1969 Population studies in predominantly self-pollinating species. XIII. Intergenotypic competition and population structure in barley and wheat. Am. Nat. 103, 621-645. doi:10.1086/282630
    • (1969) Am. Nat , vol.103 , pp. 621-645
    • Allard, R.W.1    Adams, J.2
  • 19
    • 0000145605 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of the evolutionary significance of sexual reproduction. II. A test of the density-dependent selection hypothesis
    • doi:10.2307/ 2408660
    • Ellstrand, N. C. & Antonovics, J. 1985 Experimental studies of the evolutionary significance of sexual reproduction. II. A test of the density-dependent selection hypothesis. Evolution 39, 657-666. doi:10.2307/ 2408660
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 657-666
    • Ellstrand, N.C.1    Antonovics, J.2
  • 20
    • 0000798359 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of the evolutionary significance of sexual reproduction. IV. Effect of neighbor relatedness and aphid infestation on seedling performance
    • doi:10.2307/2408467
    • Schmitt, J. & Antonovics, J. 1986 Experimental studies of the evolutionary significance of sexual reproduction. IV. Effect of neighbor relatedness and aphid infestation on seedling performance. Evolution 40, 830-836. doi:10.2307/2408467
    • (1986) Evolution , vol.40 , pp. 830-836
    • Schmitt, J.1    Antonovics, J.2
  • 21
    • 0024874199 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of the evolutionary significance of sexual reproduction. V. A field-test of the sib competition lottery hypothesis
    • doi:10.2307/2409585
    • Kelley, S. E. 1989 Experimental studies of the evolutionary significance of sexual reproduction. V. A field-test of the sib competition lottery hypothesis. Evolution 43, 1054-1065. doi:10.2307/2409585
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1054-1065
    • Kelley, S.E.1
  • 22
    • 0028165107 scopus 로고
    • An experimental study of the role of seedling density and neighbor relatedness in the persistence of Rumex acetosella in an old-field succession
    • doi:10.1139/b94-155
    • Escarre, J., Houssard, C. & Thompson, J. D. 1994 An experimental study of the role of seedling density and neighbor relatedness in the persistence of Rumex acetosella in an old-field succession. Can. J. Bot. 72, 1273-1281. doi:10.1139/b94-155
    • (1994) Can. J. Bot , vol.72 , pp. 1273-1281
    • Escarre, J.1    Houssard, C.2    Thompson, J.D.3
  • 23
    • 4944236981 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic relatedness and competition in Triplasis purpurea (Poaceae): Resource partitioning or kin selection
    • doi:10.1086/386556
    • Cheplick, G. P. & Kane, K. H. 2004 Genetic relatedness and competition in Triplasis purpurea (Poaceae): resource partitioning or kin selection? Int. J. Plant Sci. 165, 623-630. doi:10.1086/386556
    • (2004) Int. J. Plant Sci , vol.165 , pp. 623-630
    • Cheplick, G.P.1    Kane, K.H.2
  • 24
    • 67650486954 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Growing with siblings: A common ground for cooperation or for fiercer competition among plants
    • doi:10.1098/rspb. 2009.0369
    • Milla, R., Forero, D. M., Escudero, A. & Iriondo, J. M. 2009 Growing with siblings: a common ground for cooperation or for fiercer competition among plants? Proc. R. Soc. B 276, 2531-2540. doi:10.1098/rspb. 2009.0369
    • (2009) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.276 , pp. 2531-2540
    • Milla, R.1    Forero, D.M.2    Escudero, A.3    Iriondo, J.M.4
  • 25
    • 0036963873 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The neighborhood matters: Effects of neighbor number and sibling (or kin) competition on floral traits in Spergularia marina (Caryophyllaceae)
    • doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00166.x
    • Delesalle, V. R. A. & Mazer, S. J. 2002 The neighborhood matters: effects of neighbor number and sibling (or kin) competition on floral traits in Spergularia marina (Caryophyllaceae). Evolution 56, 2406-2413. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2002.tb00166.x
    • (2002) Evolution , vol.56 , pp. 2406-2413
    • Delesalle, V.R.A.1    Mazer, S.J.2
  • 26
    • 0027061614 scopus 로고
    • Neighborhood relatedness and competitive performance in Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae): A test of the resource partitioning hypothesis
    • doi:10. 2307/2445106
    • Argyres, A. Z. & Schmitt, J. 1992 Neighborhood relatedness and competitive performance in Impatiens capensis (Balsaminaceae): a test of the resource partitioning hypothesis. Am. J. Bot. 79, 181-185. doi:10. 2307/2445106
    • (1992) Am. J. Bot , vol.79 , pp. 181-185
    • Argyres, A.Z.1    Schmitt, J.2
  • 27
    • 0027087628 scopus 로고
    • Tests of sib diversification theories of outcrossing in Impatiens capensis: Effects of inbreeding and neighbor relatedness on production and infestation
    • doi:10. 1046/j.1420-9101.1992.5040575.x
    • Burt, A. & Bell, G. 1992 Tests of sib diversification theories of outcrossing in Impatiens capensis: effects of inbreeding and neighbor relatedness on production and infestation. J. Evol. Biol. 5, 575-588. doi:10. 1046/j.1420-9101.1992.5040575.x
    • (1992) J. Evol. Biol , vol.5 , pp. 575-588
    • Burt, A.1    Bell, G.2
  • 28
    • 0026346665 scopus 로고
    • Intraclonal and interclonal competition in the cleistogamous grass Amphibromus scabrivalvis
    • doi:10.2307/2444974
    • Cheplick, G. P. & Salvadori, G. M. 1991 Intraclonal and interclonal competition in the cleistogamous grass Amphibromus scabrivalvis. Am. J. Bot. 78, 1494-1502. doi:10.2307/2444974
    • (1991) Am. J. Bot , vol.78 , pp. 1494-1502
    • Cheplick, G.P.1    Salvadori, G.M.2
  • 29
    • 0027329681 scopus 로고
    • Effects of environmental variation on fitness of singly and multiply sired progenies of Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae)
    • doi:10.2307/2445669
    • Karron, J. D. & Marshall, D. L. 1993 Effects of environmental variation on fitness of singly and multiply sired progenies of Raphanus sativus (Brassicaceae). Am. J. Bot. 80, 1407-1412. doi:10.2307/2445669
    • (1993) Am. J. Bot , vol.80 , pp. 1407-1412
    • Karron, J.D.1    Marshall, D.L.2
  • 30
    • 71249158798 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive ability not kinship affects growth of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions
    • doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03057.x
    • Masclaux, F., Hammond, R. L., Meunier, J., Gouhier-Darimont, C., Keller, L. & Reymond, P. 2010 Competitive ability not kinship affects growth of Arabidopsis thaliana accessions. New Phytol. 185, 322-331. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2009.03057.x
    • (2010) New Phytol , vol.185 , pp. 322-331
    • Masclaux, F.1    Hammond, R.L.2    Meunier, J.3    Gouhier-Darimont, C.4    Keller, L.5    Reymond, P.6
  • 31
    • 0024880244 scopus 로고
    • Fitness consequences of outcrossing in Impatiens capensis-tests of the frequency-dependent and sibcompetition models
    • doi:10. 2307/2409587
    • McCall, C., Mitchell-Olds, T. & Waller, D. M. 1989 Fitness consequences of outcrossing in Impatiens capensis-tests of the frequency-dependent and sibcompetition models. Evolution 43, 1075-1084. doi:10. 2307/2409587
    • (1989) Evolution , vol.43 , pp. 1075-1084
    • McCall, C.1    Mitchell-Olds, T.2    Waller, D.M.3
  • 32
    • 52649104320 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of spatial pattern and relatedness in an experimental plant community
    • doi:10.1007/s10682-007-9197-1
    • Monzeglio, U. & Stoll, P. 2007 Effects of spatial pattern and relatedness in an experimental plant community. Evol. Ecol. 22, 723-741. doi:10.1007/s10682-007-9197-1
    • (2007) Evol. Ecol , vol.22 , pp. 723-741
    • Monzeglio, U.1    Stoll, P.2
  • 33
    • 3042697324 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Relatedness affects competitive performance of a parasitic plant (Cuscuta europaea) in multiple infections
    • doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004. 00728.x
    • Puustinen, S., Koskela, T. & Mutikainen, P. 2004 Relatedness affects competitive performance of a parasitic plant (Cuscuta europaea) in multiple infections. J. Evol. Biol. 17, 897-903. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2004. 00728.x
    • (2004) J. Evol. Biol , vol.17 , pp. 897-903
    • Puustinen, S.1    Koskela, T.2    Mutikainen, P.3
  • 34
    • 2642577747 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of within-genet and between-genet competition on sexual reproduction and vegetative spread in Potentilla anserina ssp egedii
    • doi:10. 1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00878.x
    • Rautiainen, P., Koivula, K. & Hyvarinen, M. 2004 The effect of within-genet and between-genet competition on sexual reproduction and vegetative spread in Potentilla anserina ssp egedii. J. Ecol. 92, 505-511. doi:10. 1111/j.0022-0477.2004.00878.x
    • (2004) J. Ecol , vol.92 , pp. 505-511
    • Rautiainen, P.1    Koivula, K.2    Hyvarinen, M.3
  • 35
    • 0000348843 scopus 로고
    • A test of the sibcompetition hypothesis for outcrossing advantage in Impatiens capensis
    • doi:10. 2307/2409259
    • Schmitt, J. & Ehrhardt, D. W. 1987 A test of the sibcompetition hypothesis for outcrossing advantage in Impatiens capensis. Evolution 41, 579-590. doi:10. 2307/2409259
    • (1987) Evolution , vol.41 , pp. 579-590
    • Schmitt, J.1    Ehrhardt, D.W.2
  • 36
    • 77954163283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Genetic variation in tolerance of competition and neighbour suppression in Arabidopsis thaliana
    • doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02003.x
    • Willis, C. G., Brock, M. T. & Weinig, C. 2010 Genetic variation in tolerance of competition and neighbour suppression in Arabidopsis thaliana. J. Evol. Biol. 23, 1412-1424. doi:10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02003.x
    • (2010) J. Evol. Biol , vol.23 , pp. 1412-1424
    • Willis, C.G.1    Brock, M.T.2    Weinig, C.3
  • 37
    • 79957662011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for competition and cooperation among climbing plants
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1771
    • Biernaskie, M. 2011 Evidence for competition and cooperation among climbing plants. Proc. R. Soc. B 278, 1989-1996. doi:10.1098/rspb.2010.1771
    • (2011) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.278 , pp. 1989-1996
    • Biernaskie, M.1
  • 38
    • 35248816495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kin recognition in an annual plant
    • doi:10.1098/rsbl. 2007.0232
    • Dudley, S. A. & File, A. L. 2007 Kin recognition in an annual plant. Biol. Lett. 3, 435-438. doi:10.1098/rsbl. 2007.0232
    • (2007) Biol. Lett , vol.3 , pp. 435-438
    • Dudley, S.A.1    File, A.L.2
  • 39
    • 70350702730 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kin recognition: Competition and cooperation in Impatiens (Balsaminaceae)
    • doi:10.3732/ajb. 0900006
    • Murphy, G. P. & Dudley, S. A. 2009 Kin recognition: competition and cooperation in Impatiens (Balsaminaceae). Am. J. Bot. 96, 1990-1996. doi:10.3732/ajb. 0900006
    • (2009) Am. J. Bot , vol.96 , pp. 1990-1996
    • Murphy, G.P.1    Dudley, S.A.2
  • 40
    • 79551509699 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kin recognition, not competitive interactions, predicts root allocation in young Cakile edentula seedling pairs
    • doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03458.x
    • Bhatt, M. V., Khandelwal, A. & Dudley, S. A. 2010 Kin recognition, not competitive interactions, predicts root allocation in young Cakile edentula seedling pairs. New Phytol. 189, 1135-1142. doi:10.1111/j.1469-8137.2010.03458.x
    • (2010) New Phytol , vol.189 , pp. 1135-1142
    • Bhatt, M.V.1    Khandelwal, A.2    Dudley, S.A.3
  • 41
    • 70849086255 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root exudates mediate kin recognition in plants
    • doi:10.4161/cib.3.1.9694
    • Biedrzycki, M., Jilany, T., Dudley, S. & Bais, H. 2010 Root exudates mediate kin recognition in plants. Commun. Integr. Biol. 3, 1-8. doi:10.4161/cib.3.1.9694
    • (2010) Commun. Integr. Biol , vol.3 , pp. 1-8
    • Biedrzycki, M.1    Jilany, T.2    Dudley, S.3    Bais, H.4
  • 42
    • 36949023108 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecology: How do roots interact?
    • doi:10.1126/science.1150726
    • de Kroon, H. 2007 Ecology: how do roots interact? Science 318, 1562-1563. doi:10.1126/science.1150726
    • (2007) Science , vol.318 , pp. 1562-1563
    • de Kroon, H.1
  • 43
    • 44949177693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Root competition influences pollen competitive ability in Viola tricolor: Effects of presence of a competitor beyond resource availability
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01387.x
    • Lankinen, A. 2008 Root competition influences pollen competitive ability in Viola tricolor: effects of presence of a competitor beyond resource availability? J. Ecol. 96, 756-765. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2745.2008.01387.x
    • (2008) J. Ecol , vol.96 , pp. 756-765
    • Lankinen, A.1
  • 44
    • 79961179649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of ABC transporters in kin recognition in Arabidopsis thaliana
    • doi:10.4161/psb.6.8.15907
    • Biedrzycki, M. L., Venkatachalam, L. & Bais, H. P. 2011 The role of ABC transporters in kin recognition in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Signall. Behav. 6, 1154-1161. doi:10.4161/psb.6.8.15907
    • (2011) Plant Signall. Behav , vol.6 , pp. 1154-1161
    • Biedrzycki, M.L.1    Venkatachalam, L.2    Bais, H.P.3
  • 45
    • 1342290123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Density-dependent multilevel selection in the Great Lakes sea rocket
    • doi:10.1890/02-0767
    • Donohue, K. 2004 Density-dependent multilevel selection in the Great Lakes sea rocket. Ecology 85, 180-191. doi:10.1890/02-0767
    • (2004) Ecology , vol.85 , pp. 180-191
    • Donohue, K.1
  • 46
    • 34447518612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant ecology: Family roots
    • doi:10.1038/ 448145a
    • Callaway, R. M. & Mahall, B. E. 2007 Plant ecology: family roots. Nature 448, 145-147. doi:10.1038/ 448145a
    • (2007) Nature , vol.448 , pp. 145-147
    • Callaway, R.M.1    Mahall, B.E.2
  • 47
    • 0001214721 scopus 로고
    • The measurement of selection on correlated characters
    • doi:10.2307/2408842
    • Lande, R. & Arnold, S. J. 1983 The measurement of selection on correlated characters. Evolution 37, 1210-1226. doi:10.2307/2408842
    • (1983) Evolution , vol.37 , pp. 1210-1226
    • Lande, R.1    Arnold, S.J.2
  • 48
    • 49549114430 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The joint effects of kin, multilevel selection and indirect genetic effects on response to genetic selection
    • doi:10. 1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01550.x
    • Bijma, P. & Wade, M. J. 2008 The joint effects of kin, multilevel selection and indirect genetic effects on response to genetic selection. J. Evol. Biol. 21, 1175-1188. doi:10. 1111/j.1420-9101.2008.01550.x
    • (2008) J. Evol. Biol , vol.21 , pp. 1175-1188
    • Bijma, P.1    Wade, M.J.2
  • 49
    • 0016812433 scopus 로고
    • The evolution of social behavior by kin selection
    • doi:10. 1111/j.1469-185X.1975.tb00988.x
    • West Eberhard, M. 1975 The evolution of social behavior by kin selection. Q. Rev. Biol. 50, 1-33. doi:10. 1111/j.1469-185X.1975.tb00988.x
    • (1975) Q. Rev. Biol , vol.50 , pp. 1-33
    • West Eberhard, M.1
  • 50
    • 0027039053 scopus 로고
    • Sibling competition in plants
    • doi:10.2307/2260699
    • Cheplick, G. P. 1992 Sibling competition in plants. J. Ecol. 80, 567-575. doi:10.2307/2260699
    • (1992) J. Ecol , vol.80 , pp. 567-575
    • Cheplick, G.P.1
  • 51
    • 79954516055 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions among plants and evolution
    • doi:10.1111/j.1365- 2745.2011.01802.x
    • Thorpe, A. S., Aschehoug, E. T., Atwater, D. Z. & Callaway, R. M. 2011 Interactions among plants and evolution. J. Ecol. 99, 729-740. doi:10.1111/j.1365- 2745.2011.01802.x
    • (2011) J. Ecol , vol.99 , pp. 729-740
    • Thorpe, A.S.1    Aschehoug, E.T.2    Atwater, D.Z.3    Callaway, R.M.4
  • 52
    • 0029661330 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kin selection in the annual plant Impatiens capensis
    • doi:10.1086/ 285885
    • Kelly, J. K. 1996 Kin selection in the annual plant Impatiens capensis. Am. Nat. 147, 899-918. doi:10.1086/ 285885
    • (1996) Am. Nat , vol.147 , pp. 899-918
    • Kelly, J.K.1
  • 53
    • 67649398865 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kin competition and the evolution of cooperation
    • doi:10.1016/j.tree.2009.02.009
    • Platt, T. G. & Bever, J. D. 2009 Kin competition and the evolution of cooperation. Trends Ecol. Evol. 24, 370-377. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2009.02.009
    • (2009) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.24 , pp. 370-377
    • Platt, T.G.1    Bever, J.D.2
  • 54
    • 78649246251 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The components of kin competition
    • doi:10.1111/ j.1558-5646.2010.01033.x
    • Van Dyken, J. D. 2010 The components of kin competition. Evolution 64, 2840-2854. doi:10.1111/ j.1558-5646.2010.01033.x
    • (2010) Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 2840-2854
    • van Dyken, J.D.1
  • 55
    • 73949119729 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009. 00842.x
    • Gardner, A. & West, S. A. 2010 Greenbeards. Evolution 64, 25-38. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2009. 00842.x
    • (2010) Greenbeards. Evolution , vol.64 , pp. 25-38
    • Gardner, A.1    West, S.A.2
  • 56
    • 0000754358 scopus 로고
    • Invasibility and stochastic boundedness in monotonic competition models
    • doi:10.1007/ BF00276099
    • Chesson, P. L. & Ellner, S. 1989 Invasibility and stochastic boundedness in monotonic competition models. J. Math. Biol. 27, 117-138. doi:10.1007/ BF00276099
    • (1989) J. Math. Biol , vol.27 , pp. 117-138
    • Chesson, P.L.1    Ellner, S.2
  • 57
    • 0024180181 scopus 로고
    • The ecology of kin recognition
    • doi:10.1146/ annurev.es.19.110188.002551
    • Waldman, B. 1988 The ecology of kin recognition. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 19, 543-571. doi:10.1146/ annurev.es.19.110188.002551
    • (1988) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst , vol.19 , pp. 543-571
    • Waldman, B.1
  • 58
    • 0027503807 scopus 로고
    • Kin recognition and cannibalism in Spadefoot Toad tadpoles
    • doi:10.1006/anbe.1993.1164
    • Pfennig, D.W., Reeve, H. K. & Sherman, P.W. 1993 Kin recognition and cannibalism in Spadefoot Toad tadpoles. Anim. Behav. 46, 87-94. doi:10.1006/anbe.1993.1164
    • (1993) Anim. Behav , vol.46 , pp. 87-94
    • Pfennig, D.W.1    Reeve, H.K.2    Sherman, P.W.3
  • 59
    • 5644273018 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant coexistence and the niche
    • doi:10.1016/j.tree. 2004.09.003
    • Silvertown, J. 2004 Plant coexistence and the niche. Trends Ecol. Evol. 19, 605-611. doi:10.1016/j.tree. 2004.09.003
    • (2004) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.19 , pp. 605-611
    • Silvertown, J.1
  • 60
    • 0023470261 scopus 로고
    • Diet variation in a population of Darwin's finches
    • doi:10.2307/1938373
    • Price, T. 1987 Diet variation in a population of Darwin's finches. Ecology 68, 1015-1028. doi:10.2307/1938373
    • (1987) Ecology , vol.68 , pp. 1015-1028
    • Price, T.1
  • 61
    • 0000457353 scopus 로고
    • Underground niche separation in successional plants
    • doi:10.2307/1935052
    • Parrish, J. A. D. & Bazzaz, F. A. 1976 Underground niche separation in successional plants. Ecology 57, 1281-1288. doi:10.2307/1935052
    • (1976) Ecology , vol.57 , pp. 1281-1288
    • Parrish, J.A.D.1    Bazzaz, F.A.2
  • 62
    • 72549115620 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Functional trait assembly through ecological and evolutionary time
    • doi:10.1007/s12080-009-0047-3
    • Stegen, J. C. & Swenson, N. G. 2009 Functional trait assembly through ecological and evolutionary time. Theoret. Ecol. 2, 239-250. doi:10.1007/s12080-009-0047-3
    • (2009) Theoret. Ecol , vol.2 , pp. 239-250
    • Stegen, J.C.1    Swenson, N.G.2
  • 63
    • 0039655565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant functional types and ecosystem function in relation to global change
    • Diaz, S. & Cabido, M. 1997 Plant functional types and ecosystem function in relation to global change. J. Veg. Sci. 8, 463-474.
    • (1997) J. Veg. Sci , vol.8 , pp. 463-474
    • Diaz, S.1    Cabido, M.2
  • 64
    • 80055090565 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tangled Bank dismissed too early
    • doi:10. 1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19698.x
    • Song, Y., Drossel, B. & Scheu, S. 2011 Tangled Bank dismissed too early. Oikos 120, 1601-1607. doi:10. 1111/j.1600-0706.2011.19698.x
    • (2011) Oikos , vol.120 , pp. 1601-1607
    • Song, Y.1    Drossel, B.2    Scheu, S.3
  • 65
    • 0021599058 scopus 로고
    • Experimental studies of the evolutionary significance of sexual reproduction. I. A test of the frequency-dependent selection hypothesis
    • doi:10. 2307/2408550
    • Antonovics, J. & Ellstrand, N. C. 1984 Experimental studies of the evolutionary significance of sexual reproduction. I. A test of the frequency-dependent selection hypothesis. Evolution 38, 103-115. doi:10. 2307/2408550
    • (1984) Evolution , vol.38 , pp. 103-115
    • Antonovics, J.1    Ellstrand, N.C.2
  • 66
    • 34247265586 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intraspecific competition drives increased resource use diversity within a natural population
    • doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0198
    • Svanback, R. & Bolnick, D. I. 2007 Intraspecific competition drives increased resource use diversity within a natural population. Proc. R. Soc. B 274, 839-844. doi:10.1098/rspb.2006.0198
    • (2007) Proc. R. Soc. B , vol.274 , pp. 839-844
    • Svanback, R.1    Bolnick, D.I.2
  • 67
    • 17444368344 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple trait associations in relation to habitat differentiation among 17 Floridian oak species
    • doi:10.1890/03-4007
    • Cavender-Bares, J., Kitajima, K. & Bazzaz, F. A. 2004 Multiple trait associations in relation to habitat differentiation among 17 Floridian oak species. Ecol. Monogr. 74, 635-662. doi:10.1890/03-4007
    • (2004) Ecol. Monogr , vol.74 , pp. 635-662
    • Cavender-Bares, J.1    Kitajima, K.2    Bazzaz, F.A.3
  • 68
    • 3042725378 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Phylogenetic overdispersion in Floridian oak communities
    • doi:10.1086/386375
    • Cavender-Bares, J., Ackerly, D. D., Baum, D. A. & Bazzaz, F. A. 2004 Phylogenetic overdispersion in Floridian oak communities. Am. Nat. 163, 823-843. doi:10.1086/386375
    • (2004) Am. Nat , vol.163 , pp. 823-843
    • Cavender-Bares, J.1    Ackerly, D.D.2    Baum, D.A.3    Bazzaz, F.A.4
  • 69
    • 43249096495 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological consequences of genetic diversity
    • doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01179.x
    • Hughes, A. R., Inouye, B. D., Johnson, M. T. J., Underwood, N. & Vellend, M. 2008 Ecological consequences of genetic diversity. Ecol. Lett. 11, 609-623. doi:10.1111/j.1461-0248.2008.01179.x
    • (2008) Ecol. Lett , vol.11 , pp. 609-623
    • Hughes, A.R.1    Inouye, B.D.2    Johnson, M.T.J.3    Underwood, N.4    Vellend, M.5
  • 70
    • 70149111482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruptive selection in natural populations: The roles of ecological specialization and resource competition
    • doi:10.1086/600090
    • Pfennig, D. W. 2009 Disruptive selection in natural populations: the roles of ecological specialization and resource competition. Am. Nat. 174, 268-281. doi:10.1086/600090
    • (2009) Am. Nat , vol.174 , pp. 268-281
    • Pfennig, D.W.1
  • 71
    • 8744303898 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expectation, explanation and masting
    • Kerkhoff, A. J. 2004 Expectation, explanation and masting. Evol. Ecol. Res. 6, 1003-1020.
    • (2004) Evol. Ecol. Res , vol.6 , pp. 1003-1020
    • Kerkhoff, A.J.1
  • 72
    • 72649084452 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequency-dependent selection by tree squirrels: Adaptive escape of non-dormant white oaks
    • doi:10.1093/beheco/arp169
    • Xiao, Z., Gao, X., Steele, M. A. & Zhang, Z. 2009 Frequency-dependent selection by tree squirrels: adaptive escape of non-dormant white oaks. Behav. Ecol. 21, 169-175. doi:10.1093/beheco/arp169
    • (2009) Behav. Ecol , vol.21 , pp. 169-175
    • Xiao, Z.1    Gao, X.2    Steele, M.A.3    Zhang, Z.4
  • 73
    • 0028975667 scopus 로고
    • Frequency-dependent selection in a wild plant-pathogen system
    • doi:10.1007/BF00341361
    • Chaboudez, P. B. 1995 Frequency-dependent selection in a wild plant-pathogen system. Oecologia 102, 490-493. doi:10.1007/BF00341361
    • (1995) Oecologia , vol.102 , pp. 490-493
    • Chaboudez, P.B.1
  • 74
    • 77954658843 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rooting theories of plant community ecology in microbial interactions
    • doi:10.1016/j.tree.2010. 05.004
    • Bever, J. D. et al. 2010 Rooting theories of plant community ecology in microbial interactions. Trends Ecol. Evol. 25, 468-478. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2010. 05.004
    • (2010) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.25 , pp. 468-478
    • Bever, J.D.1
  • 75
    • 0344364587 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Grassroots ecology: Plant-microbe-soil interactions as drivers of plant community structure and dynamics
    • doi:10.1890/02- 0298
    • Reynolds, H. L., Packer, A., Bever, J. D. & Clay, K. 2003 Grassroots ecology: plant-microbe-soil interactions as drivers of plant community structure and dynamics. Ecology 84, 2281-2291. doi:10.1890/02- 0298
    • (2003) Ecology , vol.84 , pp. 2281-2291
    • Reynolds, H.L.1    Packer, A.2    Bever, J.D.3    Clay, K.4
  • 76
    • 0034936089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Populationlevel specificity in the plant-mycorrhizae association alters intraspecific interactions among neighboring plants
    • doi:10.1007/s00442 0000625
    • Ronsheim, M. L. & Anderson, S. E. 2001 Populationlevel specificity in the plant-mycorrhizae association alters intraspecific interactions among neighboring plants. Oecologia 128, 77-84. doi:10.1007/s00442 0000625
    • (2001) Oecologia , vol.128 , pp. 77-84
    • Ronsheim, M.L.1    Anderson, S.E.2
  • 77
    • 0030821424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Incorporating the soil community into plant population dynamics: The utility of the feedback approach
    • doi:10.2307/2960528
    • Bever, J. D., Westover, K. M. & Antonovics, J. 1997 Incorporating the soil community into plant population dynamics: the utility of the feedback approach. J. Ecol. 85, 561-573. doi:10.2307/2960528
    • (1997) J. Ecol , vol.85 , pp. 561-573
    • Bever, J.D.1    Westover, K.M.2    Antonovics, J.3
  • 78
    • 0022189933 scopus 로고
    • Genotype-environment interaction and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity
    • doi:10.2307/2408649
    • Via, S. & Lande, R. 1985 Genotype-environment interaction and the evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Evolution 39, 505-522. doi:10.2307/2408649
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 505-522
    • Via, S.1    Lande, R.2
  • 79
    • 0000022728 scopus 로고
    • Quantitative genetic models for the coevolution of character displacement
    • doi:10.2307/1940385
    • Taper, M. & Case, T. 1985 Quantitative genetic models for the coevolution of character displacement. Ecology 66, 355-371. doi:10.2307/1940385
    • (1985) Ecology , vol.66 , pp. 355-371
    • Taper, M.1    Case, T.2
  • 80
    • 0027333437 scopus 로고
    • Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity
    • doi:10.1146/annurev.es.24.110193.000343
    • Scheiner, S. M. 1993 Genetics and evolution of phenotypic plasticity. Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24, 35-68. doi:10.1146/annurev.es.24.110193.000343
    • (1993) Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst , vol.24 , pp. 35-68
    • Scheiner, S.M.1
  • 81
    • 14544305530 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kin selection and cooperative courtship in wild turkeys
    • doi:10. 1038/nature03325
    • Krakauer, A. H. 2005 Kin selection and cooperative courtship in wild turkeys. Nature 434, 69-72. doi:10. 1038/nature03325
    • (2005) Nature , vol.434 , pp. 69-72
    • Krakauer, A.H.1
  • 82
    • 0023511236 scopus 로고
    • A method for analyzing selection in hierarchically structured populations
    • doi:10.1086/284732
    • Heisler, I. L. & Damuth, J. 1987 A method for analyzing selection in hierarchically structured populations. Am. Nat. 130, 582-602. doi:10.1086/284732
    • (1987) Am. Nat , vol.130 , pp. 582-602
    • Heisler, I.L.1    Damuth, J.2
  • 83
    • 20044370482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel selection: The evolution of cooperation in non-kin groups
    • doi:10.1007/s10144-005-0207-2
    • Goodnight, C. J. 2005 Multilevel selection: the evolution of cooperation in non-kin groups. Popul. Ecol. 47, 3-12. doi:10.1007/s10144-005-0207-2
    • (2005) Popul. Ecol , vol.47 , pp. 3-12
    • Goodnight, C.J.1
  • 84
    • 47349127033 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Determinants of the strength of disruptive and/or divergent selection arising from resource competition
    • doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00385.x
    • Abrams, P. A., Rueffler, C. & Kim, G. 2008 Determinants of the strength of disruptive and/or divergent selection arising from resource competition. Evolution 62, 1571-1586. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2008.00385.x
    • (2008) Evolution , vol.62 , pp. 1571-1586
    • Abrams, P.A.1    Rueffler, C.2    Kim, G.3
  • 85
    • 78650897147 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Character displacement and the origins of diversity
    • doi:10.1086/657056
    • Pfennig, D. W. & Pfennig, K. S. 2010 Character displacement and the origins of diversity. Am. Nat. 176, S26-S44. doi:10.1086/657056
    • (2010) Am. Nat , vol.176
    • Pfennig, D.W.1    Pfennig, K.S.2
  • 86
    • 11444251038 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of niche width and adaptive diversification
    • doi:10.1554/04-244
    • Ackermann, M. & Doebeli, M. 2004 Evolution of niche width and adaptive diversification. Evolution 58, 2599-2612. doi:10.1554/04-244
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 2599-2612
    • Ackermann, M.1    Doebeli, M.2
  • 87
    • 33646378875 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disruptive selection and then what?
    • doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.03.003
    • Rueffler, C., Van Dooren, T., Leimar, O. & Abrams, P. 2006 Disruptive selection and then what? Trends Ecol. Evol. 21, 238-245. doi:10.1016/j.tree.2006.03.003
    • (2006) Trends Ecol. Evol , vol.21 , pp. 238-245
    • Rueffler, C.1    van Dooren, T.2    Leimar, O.3    Abrams, P.4
  • 88
    • 77956597990 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Induced responses to competition and herbivory: Natural selection on multi-trait phenotypic plasticity
    • doi:10.1890/09- 0543.1
    • Boege, K. 2010 Induced responses to competition and herbivory: natural selection on multi-trait phenotypic plasticity. Ecology 91, 2628-2637. doi:10.1890/09- 0543.1
    • (2010) Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 2628-2637
    • Boege, K.1
  • 89
    • 0028974583 scopus 로고
    • Multilevel selection in natural populations of Impatiens capensis
    • doi:10.1086/285753
    • Stevens, L., Goodnight, C. J. & Kalisz, S. 1995 Multilevel selection in natural populations of Impatiens capensis. Am. Nat. 145, 513-526. doi:10.1086/285753
    • (1995) Am. Nat , vol.145 , pp. 513-526
    • Stevens, L.1    Goodnight, C.J.2    Kalisz, S.3
  • 90
    • 33947275139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Antagonistic multilevel selection on size and architecture in variable density settings
    • doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00005.x
    • Weinig, C., Johnston, J. A., Willis, C. G. & Maloof, J. N. 2007 Antagonistic multilevel selection on size and architecture in variable density settings. Evolution 61, 58-67. doi:10.1111/j.1558-5646.2007.00005.x
    • (2007) Evolution , vol.61 , pp. 58-67
    • Weinig, C.1    Johnston, J.A.2    Willis, C.G.3    Maloof, J.N.4
  • 91
    • 0242584417 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multilevel phenotypic selection on morphological characters in a metapopulation of Silene tatarica
    • doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057 [0509:MPSOMC]2.0.CO;2
    • Aspi, J., Jakalaniemi, A., Tuomi, J. & Siikamaki, P. 2003 Multilevel phenotypic selection on morphological characters in a metapopulation of Silene tatarica. Evolution 57, 509-517. doi:10.1554/0014-3820(2003)057 [0509:MPSOMC]2.0.CO;2
    • (2003) Evolution , vol.57 , pp. 509-517
    • Aspi, J.1    Jakalaniemi, A.2    Tuomi, J.3    Siikamaki, P.4
  • 92
    • 0022206198 scopus 로고
    • The influence of environmental variation on group and individual selection in a cress
    • doi:10.2307/2408652
    • Goodnight, C. J. 1985 The influence of environmental variation on group and individual selection in a cress. Evolution 39, 545-558. doi:10.2307/2408652
    • (1985) Evolution , vol.39 , pp. 545-558
    • Goodnight, C.J.1
  • 93
    • 22544470624 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological and community-wide character displacement: The next generation
    • doi:10.1111/j. 1461-0248.2005.00791.x
    • Dayan, T. & Simberloff, D. 2005 Ecological and community-wide character displacement: the next generation. Ecol. Lett. 8, 875-894. doi:10.1111/j. 1461-0248.2005.00791.x
    • (2005) Ecol. Lett , vol.8 , pp. 875-894
    • Dayan, T.1    Simberloff, D.2
  • 94
    • 0031457706 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frequencies, microclimate and root properties for three codominate perennials in the northwestern Sonoran desert on North- versus South-facing slopes
    • doi:10. 1006/anbo.1997.0508
    • Nobel, P. S. & Linton, M. L. 1997 Frequencies, microclimate and root properties for three codominate perennials in the northwestern Sonoran desert on North- versus South-facing slopes. Ann. Bot. 80, 731-739. doi:10. 1006/anbo.1997.0508
    • (1997) Ann. Bot , vol.80 , pp. 731-739
    • Nobel, P.S.1    Linton, M.L.2
  • 95
    • 66149104482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Belowground nitrogen partitioning in experimental grassland communities of varying species richness
    • doi:10.1890/08-0802.1
    • von Felten, S., Hector, A., Buchmann, N., Niklaus, P., Schmid, B. & Scherer-Lorenzen, M. 2009 Belowground nitrogen partitioning in experimental grassland communities of varying species richness. Ecology 90, 1389-1399. doi:10.1890/08-0802.1
    • (2009) Ecology , vol.90 , pp. 1389-1399
    • von Felten, S.1    Hector, A.2    Buchmann, N.3    Niklaus, P.4    Schmid, B.5    Scherer-Lorenzen, M.6
  • 96
    • 0024883003 scopus 로고
    • Individual and population responses of sexual and apomictic plants to environmental gradients
    • doi:10.1086/284975
    • Michaels, H. J. & Bazzaz, F. A. 1989 Individual and population responses of sexual and apomictic plants to environmental gradients. Am. Nat. 134, 190-207. doi:10.1086/284975
    • (1989) Am. Nat , vol.134 , pp. 190-207
    • Michaels, H.J.1    Bazzaz, F.A.2
  • 97
    • 0032816011 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Manipulative approaches to testing adaptive plasticity: Phytochrome-mediated shade-avoidance responses in plants
    • doi:10.1086/303282
    • Schmitt, J., Dudley, S. A. & Pigliucci, M. 1999 Manipulative approaches to testing adaptive plasticity: phytochrome-mediated shade-avoidance responses in plants. Am. Nat. 154, S43-S54. doi:10.1086/303282
    • (1999) Am. Nat , vol.154
    • Schmitt, J.1    Dudley, S.A.2    Pigliucci, M.3
  • 98
    • 0032982671 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fertilization effects on interactions between above-ground and below-ground competition in an old field
    • doi:10.1890/ 0012-9658(1999)080[0466:FEOIBA]2.0.CO;2
    • Cahill, J. F. 1999 Fertilization effects on interactions between above-ground and below-ground competition in an old field. Ecology 80, 466-480. doi:10.1890/ 0012-9658(1999)080[0466:FEOIBA]2.0.CO;2
    • (1999) Ecology , vol.80 , pp. 466-480
    • Cahill, J.F.1
  • 99
    • 0028975281 scopus 로고
    • Competitive responses of eight old-field plant species in four environments
    • doi:10.2307/1940924
    • Wilson, S. D. & Tilman, D. 1995 Competitive responses of eight old-field plant species in four environments. Ecology 76, 1169-1180. doi:10.2307/1940924
    • (1995) Ecology , vol.76 , pp. 1169-1180
    • Wilson, S.D.1    Tilman, D.2
  • 100
    • 0032997187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exploring cost constraints on stem elongation using phenotypic manipulation
    • doi:10.1086/ 303164
    • Cipollini, D. F. & Schultz, J. C. 1999 Exploring cost constraints on stem elongation using phenotypic manipulation. Am. Nat. 153, 236-242. doi:10.1086/ 303164
    • (1999) Am. Nat , vol.153 , pp. 236-242
    • Cipollini, D.F.1    Schultz, J.C.2
  • 101
    • 0032778701 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of red to far-red ratio and plant density on biomass allocation and gas exchange in Impatiens capensis
    • doi:10.1086/314157
    • Maliakal, S. K., McDonnell, K., Dudley, S. A. & Schmitt, J. 1999 Effects of red to far-red ratio and plant density on biomass allocation and gas exchange in Impatiens capensis. Int. J. Plant Sci. 160, 723-733. doi:10.1086/314157
    • (1999) Int. J. Plant Sci , vol.160 , pp. 723-733
    • Maliakal, S.K.1    McDonnell, K.2    Dudley, S.A.3    Schmitt, J.4
  • 102
    • 0034886765 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tragedy of the commons as a result of root competition
    • doi:10.1046/j. 0022-0477.2001.00609.x
    • Gersani, M., Brown, J. S., O'Brien, E. E., Maina, G. M. & Abramsky, Z. 2001 Tragedy of the commons as a result of root competition. J. Ecol. 89, 660-669. doi:10.1046/j. 0022-0477.2001.00609.x
    • (2001) J. Ecol , vol.89 , pp. 660-669
    • Gersani, M.1    Brown, J.S.2    O'Brien, E.E.3    Maina, G.M.4    Abramsky, Z.5
  • 103
    • 4344569454 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Altruism via kin-selection strategies that rely on arbitrary tags with which they coevolve
    • doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00465.x
    • Axelrod, R., Hammond, R. A. & Grafen, A. 2004 Altruism via kin-selection strategies that rely on arbitrary tags with which they coevolve. Evolution 58, 1833-1838. doi:10.1111/j.0014-3820.2004.tb00465.x
    • (2004) Evolution , vol.58 , pp. 1833-1838
    • Axelrod, R.1    Hammond, R.A.2    Grafen, A.3
  • 104
    • 33845415805 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Five rules for the evolution of cooperation
    • doi:10.1126/ science.1133755
    • Nowak, M. A. 2006 Five rules for the evolution of cooperation. Science 314, 1560-1563. doi:10.1126/ science.1133755
    • (2006) Science , vol.314 , pp. 1560-1563
    • Nowak, M.A.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.