The role of root exudates in rhizosphere interactions with plants and other organisms

Annual Review of Plant Biology

Volumn 57, Issue , 2006, Pages 233-266

  Bais, Harsh P ^c   Weir, Tiffany L ^a   Perry, Laura G ^a   Gilroy, Simon ^b   Vivanco, Jorge M ^a  

^a Department of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences   (United States)

^b PENNSYLVANIA STATE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

^c UNIVERSITY OF DELAWARE   (United States)

Author keywords

Allelopathy; Antimicrobial; Quorum sensing; Symbiosis

Indexed keywords

HOST PARASITE INTERACTION; METABOLISM; MICROBIOLOGY; PHYSIOLOGY; PLANT ROOT; REVIEW;

HOST-PARASITE INTERACTIONS; HOST-PARASITE RELATIONS; PLANT ROOTS;

NEMATODA;

EID: 33745942317     PISSN: 15435008     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1146/annurev.arplant.57.032905.105159     Document Type: Review

References (197)

1. Abrahim D, Braguini WL, Kelmer-Bracht AM, Ishii-Iwamoto EL. 2000. Effects of four monoterpenes on germination, primary root growth, and mitochondrial respiration of maize. J. Chem. Ecol. 26:611-24
2. Akiyama K, Matsuzaki K, Hayashi H. 2005. Plant sesquiterpenes induce hyphal branching in arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Nature 435:824-27
3. Anaya AL, Pelayo-Benavides HR. 1997. Allelopathic potential of Mirabilis jalapa L., (Nyctaginaceae): effects on germination, growth and cell division of some plants. Allelopathy 4:57-68
4. Apel K, Hirt H. 2004. Reactive oxygen species: metabolism, oxidative stress, and signal transduction. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 55:373-99
5. Bago B, Pfeffer PE, Abubaker J, Jun J, Allen JW, et al. 2003. Carbon export from arbuscular mycorrhizal roots involves the translocation of carbohydrate as well as lipid. Plant Physiol. 131:1496-507
6. Bais HP, Prithiviraj B, Jha AK, Ausubel FM, Vivanco JM. 2005. Mediation of pathogen resistance by exudation of antimicrobials from roots. Nature 434:217-21
7. Bais HP, Fall R, Vivanco JM. 2004. Biocontrol of Bacillus subtilis against infection of Arabidopsis roots by Pseudomonas syringae is facilitated by biofilm formation and surfactin production. Plant Physiol. 134:307-19
8. Bais HP, Park SW, Weir TL, Callaway RM, Vivanco JM. 2004. How plants communicate using the underground information superhighway. Trends Plant Sci. 9:26-32
9. Bais HP, Vepachedu R, Gilroy S, Callaway RM, Vivanco JM. 2003. Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion: from molecules and genes to species interactions. Science 301:1377-80
10. Bais HP, Park SW, Stermitz FR, Halligan KM, Vivanco JM. 2003. Exudation of fluorescent beta-carbolines from Oxalis tuberosa L. roots. Phytochemistry 61:539-43
11. Bais HP, Walker TS, Schweizer HP, Vivanco JM. 2002. Root specific elicitation and antimicrobial activity of rosmarinic acid in hairy root cultures of sweet basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Plant Physiol. Biochem. 40:9837
12. Bais HP, Walker TS, Stermitz FR, Hufbauer RA, Vivanco JM. 2002. Enantiomeric-dependent phytotoxic and antimicrobial activity of (±)-catechin. A rhizosecreted racemic mixture from spotted knapweed. Plant Physiol. 128:1173-79
13. Bais HP, Loyola-Vargas VM, Flores HE, Vivanco JM. 2001. Root-specific metabolism: the biology and biochemistry of underground organs. In Vitro Plant. 37:730-41
14. Bauer WD, Mathesius U. 2004. Plant responses to bacterial quorum-sensing signals. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7:429-33
15. Bednarek P, Schneider B, Svatos A, Oldham NJ, Hahlbrock K. 2005. Structural complexity, differential response to infection, and tissue specificity of indolic and phenylpropanoid secondary metabolism in Arabidopsis roots. Plant Physiol. 138:1058-70
16. Belz RG, Hurle K. 2005. Differential exudation of two benzoxazinoids-one of the determining factors for seedling allelopathy of Triticeae species. J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:250-61
17. Bertin C, Yang XH, Weston LA. 2003. The role of root exudates and allelochemicals in the rhizosphere. Plant Soil 256:67-83
18. Bianciotto V, Andreotti S, Balestrini R, Bonfante P, Perotto S. 2001. Mucoid mutants of the biocontrol strain Pseudomonas fluorescens CHA0 show increased ability in biofilm formation on mycorrhizal and nonmycorrhizal carrot roots. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 14:255-60
19. Blilou I, Ocampo JA, Garcia-Garrido JM. 2000. Induction of Ltp (lipid transfer protein) and Pal (phenylalanine ammonia-lyase) gene expression in rice roots colonized by the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Glomus mosseae. J. Exp. Bot. 51:1969-77
20. Bowers JH, Nameth ST, Riedel RM, Rowe RC. 1996. Infection and colonization of potato roots by Verticillium dahliae as affected by Pratylenchus penetrans and P. crenatus. Phytopathology 86:614-21
21. Brady NC, Weil RR. 1999. The Nature and Property of Soils. Upper Saddle Hall, NJ: Prentice Hall
22. Brigham LA, Michaels PJ, Flores HE. 1999. Cell-specific production and antimicrobial activity of naphthoquinones in roots of Lithospermum erythrorhizon. Plant Physiol. 119:417-28
23. Brimecombe MJ, De Leij Frans AAM, Lynch JM. 2001. Nematode community structure as a sensitive indicator of microbial perturbations induced by a genetically modified Pseudomonas fluorescens strain. Biol. Fertil. Soils 34:270-75
24. Bruin J, Sabelis MW. 2001. Meta-analysis of laboratory experiments on plant-plant information transfer. Biochem. Sys. Ecol. 29:1089-102
25. Buee M, Rossignol M, Jauneau A, Ranjeva R, Becard G. 2000. The pre-symbiotic growth of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi is induced by a branching factor partially purified from plant root exudates. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 13:693-98
26. Buer CS, Muday GK. 2004. The transparent testa4 mutation prevents flavonoid synthesis and alters auxin transport and the response of Arabidopsis roots to gravity and light. Plant Cell 16:1191-205
27. Burdman S, Dulguerova G, Okon Y, Jurkevitch E. 2001. Purification of the major outer membrane protein of Azospirillum brasilense, its affinity to plant roots, and its involvement in cell aggregation. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 14:555-58
28. Callaway RM, Thelen GC, Barth S, Ramsey, Gannon JE. 2004. Soil fungi alter interactions between the invader Centaurea maculosa and North American natives. Ecology 85:1062-71
29. Callaway RM, Aschehoug ET. 2000. Invasive plants versus their new and old neighbors: a mechanism for exotic invasion. Science 290:521-23
30. Chamberlain K, Guerrieri E, Pennacchio F, Pettersson J, Pickett JA, et al. 2001. Can aphid-induced plant signals be transmitted aerially and through the rhizosphere? Biochem. Syst.Ecol. 29:1063-74
31. Chang M, Netzly DH, Butler LG, Lynn DG. 1986. Chemical-regulation of distance - characterization of the 1st natural host germination stimulant for Striga asiatica. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 108:7858-60
32. Chen X, Schauder S, Potier N, van Drosselaer A, Pelczer I, et al. 2002. Structural identification of a bacterial quorum-sensing signal containing boron. Nature 415:545-49
33. Cooke TJ, Poli D, Sztein AE, Cohen JD. 2002. Evolutionary patterns in auxin action. Plant Mol. Biol. 49:319-38
34. Cruz-Ortega R, Ayala-Cordero G, Anaya AL. 2002. Allelochemical stress produced by the aqueous leachate of Callicarpa acuminata: effects on roots of bean, maize, and tomato. Physiol. Plant. 116:20-27
35. Czarnota MA, Paul RN, Dayan FE, Nimbal CI, Weston LA. 2001. Mode of action, localization of production, chemical nature, and activity of sorgoleone: a potent PSII inhibitor in Sorghum spp. root exudates. Weed Technol. 15:813-25
36. Czarnota MA, Rimando AM, Weston LA. 2003. Evaluation of root exudates of seven sorghum accessions. J. Chem. Ecol. 29:2073-83
37. Dakora FD, Phillips DA. 2002. Root exudates as mediators of mineral acquisition in low-nutrient environments. Plant Soil 245:35-47
38. De Carvalho-Niebel F, Timmers AC, Chabaud M, Defaux-Petras A, Barker DG. 2002. The Nod factor-elicited annexin MtAnn1 is preferentially localized at the nuclear periphery in symbiotically activated root tissues of Medicago truncatula. Plant J. 32:343-52
39. de Weert S, Vermeiren H, Mulders IH, Kuiper I, Hendrickx N, Bloemberg GV, et al. 2002. Flagella-driven chemotaxis towards exudate components is an important trait for tomato root colonization by Pseudomonas fluorescens. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 15:1173-80
40. Di Giovanni GD, Watrud LS, Seidler RJ, Widmer F. 1999. Fingerprinting of mixed bacterial strains and BIOLOG gram-negative (GN) substrate communities by enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus sequence-PCR (ERIC-PCR). Curr. Microbiol. 38:217-23
41. Dorhout RC, Gommers FJ, Kollöffel C. 1993. Phloem transport of carboxyfluorescein through tomato roots infected with Meloidogyne incognita. Physiol. Mol. Plant Pathol. 43:1-10
42. Dicke M, Dijkman H. 2001. Within-plant circulation of systemic elicitor of induced defence and release from roots of elicitor that affects neighbouring plants. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 29:1075-87
43. 42a. Du YJ, Poppy GM, Powell W, Pickett JA, Wadhams LJ, Woodcock CM. 1998. Identification of semiochemicals released during aphid feeding that attract parasitoid Aphidius ervi. J. Chem. Ecol. 24:1355-68
44. Dworjanyn SA, de Nys R, Steinberg PD. 1999. Localization and surface quantification of secondary metabolites in the red algae Delisea pulchra. Mar. Biol. 133:727-36
45. Dyer AR. 2004. Maternal and sibling factors induce dormancy in dimorphic seed pairs of Aegilops triuncialis. Plant Ecol. 172:211-18
46. Eberhardt A, Burlingame AL, Eberhardt C, Kenyon GL, Nealson KH, Oppenheimer NJ. 1981. Structural identification of autoinducer of Phytobacterium fischeri luciferase. Biochemistry 20:2444-49
47. Eberl L, Molin S, Givscov M. 1999. Surface motility of Serratia liquefaciens MG1. J. Bacteriol. 181:1703-12
48. Einhellig FA. 1995. Mechanisms of action of allelochemicals in allelopathy. In Allelopathy: Organisms, Processes, and Applications, ed. Inderjit, KMM Dakshini, FA Einhellig, pp. 96. Washington, DC: Am. Chem. Soc.
49. Elasri M, Delorme S, Lemanceau P, Stewart G, Laue B, et al. 2001. Acyl-homoserine lactone production is more common among plant-associated Pseudomonas spp. than among soilborne Pseudomonas spp. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 67:1198-209
50. Fate GD, Lynn DG. 1996. Xenognosin methylation is critical in defining the chemical potential gradient that regulates the spatial distribution in Striga pathogenesis. J. Am. Chem. Soc. 118:11369-76
51. Flores HE, Vivanco JM, Loyola-Vargas VM. 1999. "Radicle" biochemistry: the biology of root-specific metabolism. Trends Plant Sci. 4:220-26
52. Fons F, Amellal N, Leyval C, Saint-Martin N, Henry M. 2003. Effects of gypsophila saponins on bacterial growth kinetics and on selection of subterranean clover rhizosphere bacteria. Can. J. Microbiol. 49:367-73
53. Foreman J, Demidchik V, Bothwell JH, Mylona P, Miedema H, et al. 2003. Reactive oxygen species produced by NADPH oxidase regulate plant cell growth. Nature 422:442-46
54. Foster RC. 1986. The ultrastructure of the rhizoplane and rhizosphere. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 24:211-34
55. Galindo JCG, Hernandez A, Dayan FE, Tellez FA, Macias RN, Paul SO. 1999. Duke, Dehydrozaluzanin C, a natural sesquiterpenolide, causes rapid plasma membrane leakage. Phytochemistry 52:805-13
56. Gao M, Teplitski M, Robinson JB, Bauer WD. 2003. Production of substances by Medicago truncatula that affect bacterial quorum sensing. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 16:827-34
57. Garcia-Garrido JM, Ocampo JA. 2002. Regulation of the plant defence response in arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. J. Exp. Bot. 53:1377-86
58. Gianinazzi-Pearson V. 1996. Plant cell responses to arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi: getting to the roots of the symbiosis. Plant Cell. 8:1871-83
59. Giovannetti M, Sbrana C, Silvia A, Avio L. 1996. Analysis of factors involved in fungal recognition response to host-derived signals by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. New Phytol. 133:65-71
60. Givskov M, Nys RD, Manefield M, Gram L, Maximilian R, Eberl L, et al. 1996. Eukaryotic interference with homoserine lactone-mediated prokaryotic signaling. J. Bacteriol. 178:6618-22
61. Gleba D, Borisjuk NV, Borisjuk LG, Kneer R, Poulev A, Skarzhinskaya M, et al. 1999. Use of plant roots for phytoremediation and molecular farming. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 25:5973-77
62. Glinwood R, Pettersson J, Ahmed E, Ninkovic V, Birkett M, Pickett J. 2003. Change in acceptability of barley plants to aphids after exposure to allelochemicals from couch-grass (Elytrigia repens). J. Chem. Ecol. 29:261-74
63. Gonzalez VM, Kazimir J, Nimbal C, Weston LA, Cheniae GM. 1997. Inhibition of a photosystem II electron transfer reaction by the natural product sorgoleone. J. Agric. Food Chem. 45:1415-21
64. Gray EJ, Smith DL. 2005. Intracellular and extracellular PGPR: commonalities and distinctions in the plant-bacterium signaling processes. Soil Biol. Biochem. 37:395-410
65. Grayston SJ, Wang SQ, Campbell CD, Edwards AC. 1998. Selective influence of plant species on microbial diversity in the rhizosphere. Soil Biol. Biochem. 30:369-78
66. Griffiths BS. 1989. The role of bacterial feeding nematodes and protozoa in rhizosphere nutrient cycling. Asp. Appl. Biol. 22:141-45
67. Guerrieri E, Poppy GM, Powell W, Rao R, Pennacchio F. 2002. Plant-to-plant communication mediating in-flight orientation of Aphidius ervi. J. Chem. Ecol. 28:1703-15
68. Guyon V, Tang WH, Monti MM, Raiola A, Lorenzo GD, et al. 2004. Antisense phenotypes reveal a role for SHY, a pollen-specific leucine-rich repeat protein, in pollen tube growth. Plant J. 39:643-54
69. Harrison MJ. 2005. Signaling in the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 59:19-42
70. Harrison MJ. 1999. Molecular and cellular aspects of the arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis. Annu. Rev. Plant Physiol. Plant Mol. Biol. 50:361-89
71. Deleted in proof
72. Hawes MC, Gunawardena U, Miyasaka S, Zhao X. 2000. The role of root border cells in plant defense. Trends Plant Sci. 5:128-33
73. Hejl AM, Koster KL. 2004. The allelochemical sorgoleone inhibits root H+-ATPase and water uptake. J. Chem. Ecol. 30:2181-91
74. Hejl AM, Koster KL. 2004. Juglone disrupts root plasma membrane H+-ATPase activity and impairs water uptake, root respiration, and growth in soybean (Glycine max) and corn (Zea mays). J. Chem. Ecol. 30:453-71
75. Hentzer M, Givskov M. 2003. Pharmacological inhibition of quorum sensing for the treatment of chronic bacterial infections. J. Clin. Investig. 112:1300-7
76. Hentzer M, Wu H, Andersen JB, Riedel K, Rasmussen TB, Bagge N, et al. 2003. Attenuation of Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence by quorum-sensing inhibitors. EMBO J. 22:3803-15
77. Hentzer M, Riedel K, Rasmussen TB, Heydorn A, Andersen JB, Parsek MR, et al. 2002. Inhibition of quorum sensing in Pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm bacteria by a halogenated furanone compound. Microbiology 148:87-102
78. Hierro JL, Callaway RM. 2003. Allelopathy and exotic plant invasion. Plant Soil 256:29-39
79. Hiltner L. 1904. Uber neure Erfahrungen und probleme auf dem gebeit der bodenbackteriologie und unter besonderer berucksichtigung der grundungung und brache. Arb. Deut. Landwirsch Ges. 98:59-78
80. Hirsch AM, Bauer WD, Bird DM, Cullimore J, Tyler B, Yoder JI. 2003. Molecular signals and receptors: controlling rhizosphere interactions between plants and other organisms. Ecology 84:858-68
81. Hoffland E, Findenegg G, Nelemans J, van den Boogaard R. 1992. Biosynthesis and root exudation of citric and malic acids in phosphate-starved rape plants. New Phytol. 122:675-80
82. Holden MTG, Chhabra SR, de Nys R, Stead P, Bainton NJ, et al. 1999. Quorum-sensing cross-talk: isolation and chemical characterization of cyclic dipeptides from Pseudomonas aeruginosa and other gram-negative bacteria. Mol. Microbiol. 33:1254-66
83. Horiuchi JI, Prithiviraj B, Bais HP, Kimball BA, Vivanco JM. 2005. Soil nematodes mediate positive interactions between legume plants and rhizobium bacteria. Planta 15:1-10
84. Inderjit, Callaway RM. 2003. Experimental designs for the study of allelopathy. Plant Soil 256:1-11
85. Inderjit, Weiner J. 2001. Plant allelochemical interference or soil chemical ecology? Perspect. Plant Ecol. Evol. Syst. 4:3-12
86. Jaeger JH, Lindow SE, Miller S, Clark E, Firestone, MK. 1999. Mapping of sugar and amino acid availability in soil around roots with bacterial sensors of sucrose and tryptophan. Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 65:2685-90
87. Jha AK, Bais HP, Vivanco JM. 2005. Enterococcus faecalis uses mammalian virulence-related factors to exhibit potent pathogenicity in the Arabidopsis thaliana plant model. Infect. Immun. 73:464-75
88. Johnson JF, Vance CP, Allan DL. 1994. Phosphorus stress-induced proteoid roots show altered metabolism in Lupinus albus. Plant Physiol. 104:657-65
89. Jones DL, Kuzyakov Y, Hodge A. 2004. Plant and mycorrhizal regulation of rhizodeposition. New Phytol. 163:459-80
90. Jose S, Gillespie AR. 1998. Allelopathy in black walnut (Juglans nigra L.) alley cropping. I. Spatio-temporal variation in soil juglone in a black walnut-corn (Zea mays L.) alley cropping system in the midwestern USA. Plant Soil 203:191-97
91. Journet EP, van Tuinen D, Gouzy J, Crespeau H, Carreau V, et al. 2002. Exploring root symbiotic programs in the model legume Medicago truncatula using EST analysis. Nucleic Acids Res. 30:5579-92
92. Kania A, Neumann G, Martinoia E, Langlade N. 2003. Phosphorus deficiency-induced modifications in citrate catabolism and in cytosolic pH as related to citrate exudation in cluster roots of white lupin. Plant Soil 248:117-27
93. Keyes WJ, O'Malley RC, Kim D, Lynn DG. 2000. Signaling organogenesis in parasitic angiosperms: xenognosin generation, perception, and response. J. Plant Growth Regul. 19:217-31
94. Khan MW, ed. 1993. Nematode Interactions. London: Chapman & Hall. 377 pp.
95. Kim DJ, Kocz R, Boone L, Keyes WJ, Lynn DG. 1998. On becoming a parasite: evaluating the role of wall oxidases in parasitic plant development. Chem. Biol. 5:103-17
96. Kingsley MT, Fredrickson JK, Meting FB, Seidler RJ, 1994. Environmental restoration using plant-microbe. In Bioremediation of Chlorinated and Polyaromatic Hydrocarbon Compounds, ed. RE Hinchee, A Leeson, L Semprini, S Kong. pp 287-92. Boca Raton, FL: Lewis
97. Kirk JL, Beaudette LA, Hart M, Moutoglis P, Klironomos JN, et al. 2004. Methods of studying soil microbial diversity. J. Microbiol. Methods 58:169-88
98. Kjelleberg S, Steinberg P, Givskov M, Gram L, Manefield M, de Nys R. 1997. Do marine natural products interfere with prokaryotic AHL regulatory systems? Aquat. Microbial. Ecol. 13:85-93
99. Kneer R, Poulev AA, Olesinski A, Raskin I. 1999. Characterization of the elicitor-induced biosysnthesis and secretion of genistin from roots of Lupinus luteus. J. Exp. Bot. 50:1553-59
100. Deleted in proof.
101. Kohler B, Hills A, Blatt MR. 2003. Control of guard cell ion channels by hydrogen peroxide and abscisic acid indicates their action through alternate signaling pathways. Plant Physiol. 131:385-88
102. Kong CH, Liang WJ, Xu XH, Hu F, Wang P, Jiang Y. 2004. Release and activity of allelochemicals from allelopathic rice seedlings. J Agric. Food Chem. 52:2861-65
103. Kosuta S, Chabaud M, Lougnon G, Gough C, Denarie J, Barker DG, Becard G. 2003. A diffusible factor from arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi induces symbiosis-specific MtENOD11 expression in roots of Medicago truncatula. Plant Physiol. 131:952-62
104. Kuiper I, Lagendijk EL, Bloemberg GV, Lugtenberg BJJ. 2004. Rhizoremediation: a beneficial plant-microbe interaction. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 17:6-15
105. Kuiper I, Bloemberg GV, Lugtenberg BJJ. 2001. Selection of a plant-bacterium pair a novel tool for rhizostimulation of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon degrading bacteria. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 14:1197-205
106. Kwak JM, Mori IC, Pei ZM, Leonhardt N, Torres MA, et al. 2003. NADPH oxidase AtrbohD and AtrbohF genes function in ROS-dependent ABA signaling in Arabidopsis. EMBO J. 22:2623-33
107. Lanfranco L, Novero M, Bonfante P. 2005. The mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora margarita possesses a CuZn superoxide dismutase that is up-regulated during symbiosis with legume hosts. Plant Physiol. 137:1319-30
108. 2+ and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase required for bacterial and fungal symbioses. Science 303:1361-64
109. Lipton DS, Blevins DG, Blanchar RW. 1987. Citrate, malate and succinate concentration in exudates from P-sufficient and P-stressed Medicago sativa L. seedlings. Plant Physiol. 85:315-17
110. Long SR. 2001. Genes and signals in the rhizobium-legume symbiosis. Plant Physiol. 125:69-72
111. Deleted in proof
112. Lubeck PS, Hansen M, Sorensen J. 2000. Simultaneous detection of the establishment of seed-inoculated Pseudomonas fluorescens strain DR54 and native soil bacteria on sugar beet root surfaces using fluorescence antibody and in situ hybridization techniques. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 33:11-19
113. Lugtenberg BJ, Dekkers L, Bloemberg GV. 2001. Molecular determinants of rhizosphere colonization by Pseudomonas. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 39:461-90
114. Lugtenberg BJ, Chin-A-Wbeng TF, Bloemberg GV. 2002. Microbe-plant interactions: principles and mechanisms. Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek. 81:373-83
115. Macias FA, Simonet AM, Molinillo JMG, Castellano D, Marin D, Oliveros-Bastidas A. 2005. Structure-activity relationships (SAR) studies of benzoxazinones, their degradation products and analogues. Phytotoxicity on standard target species (STS). J. Agric. Food Chem. 53:538-48
116. Manefield M, Rasmussen TB, Hentzer M, Andersen JB, Steinberg P, Kjellberg S, et al. 2002. Halogenated furanones inhibit quorum-sensing through accelerated LuxR turnover. Microbiology 148:1119-27
117. Manefield M, de Nys R, Kumar N, Read R, Givskov M, et al. 1999. Evidence that halogenated furanones from Delisea pulchra inhibit acylated homoserine lactone (AHL)-mediated gene expression by displacing the AHL signal from its receptor protein. Microbiology 145:283-91
118. Marschner H. 1995. Mineral Nutrition of Higher Plants, Second Edition. London: Academic
119. Masaoka Y, Kojima M, Sugihara S, Yoshihara T, Koshina M, Ichihara A. 1993. Dissolution of ferric phosphate by alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) root exudates. Plant Soil 155/156:75-78
120. Mathesius U, Mulders S, Gao M, Teplitski M, Caetano-Anolles G, Rolfe BG, et al. 2003. Extensive and specific responses of a eukaryote to bacterial quorum-sensing signals. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 100:1444-49
121. McQueen-Mason S, Cosgrove DJ. 1994. Disruption of hydrogen-bonding between plant-cell wall polymers by proteins that induce wall extension. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 91:6574-78
122. Mo Y, Nagel C, Taylor LP. 1992. Biochemical complementation of chalcone synthase mutants defines a role for flavonols in functional pollen. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 89:7213-17
123. Morris PF, Bone E, Tyler BM. 1998. Chemotropic and contact responses of Phytophthora sojae hyphae to soybean isoflavonoids and artificial substrates. Plant Physiol. 117:1171-78
124. Moulin L, Munive A, Dreyfus B, Boivin-Masson C. 2001. Nodulation of legumes by members of the beta-subclass of Proteobacteria. Nature 411:948-50
125. Murphy A, Peer WA, Taiz L. 2000. Regulation of auxin transport by aminopeptidases and endogenous flavonoids. Planta 211:315-24
126. Nagahashi G, Douds DD Jr. 2003. Action spectrum for the induction of hyphal branches of an arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus: exposure sites versus branching sites. Mycol. Res. 107:1075-82
127. Nagahashi G, Douds DD. 1999. A rapid and sensitive bioassay with practical application for studies on interactions between root exudates and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi. Biotechnol. Tech. 13:893-97
128. Nielsen TH, Christophersen C, Anthoni U, Sørensen J. 1999. Viscosinamide, a new cyclic depsipeptide with surfactant and antifungal properties produced by Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54. J. Appl. Microbiol. 87:80-86
129. Nielsen TH, Thrane C, Christophersen C, Anthoni U, Sorensen J. 2000. Structure, production characteristics and fungal antagonism of tensin - a new antifungal cyclic lipopeptide from Pseudomonas fluorescens strain 96.578. J. Appl. Microbiol. 89:992-1001
130. Neumann G, Romheld V. 1999. Root excretion of carboxylic acids and protons in phosphorus-deficient plants. Plant Soil 211:121-30
131. Newman EI, Reddell P. 1987. The distribution of mycorrhizas among families of vascular plants. New Phytol. 106:745-51
132. Nigh EL Jr. 1990. Stress factors influencing Fusarium infection in asparagus. Acta Hort. 271:315-22
133. Nilsson M-C, Hogberg P, Zackrisson O, Fengyou W. 1993. Allelopathic effects by Empetrum hermaphroditum Hagerup on development and nitrogen uptake by roots and mycorrhiza of Pinus sylvestris L. Can. J. Bot. 71:620-28
134. Nimbal CI, Pedersen JF, Yerkes CN, Weston LA, Weller SC. 1996. Phytotoxicity and distribution of sorgoleone in grain sorghum germplasm. J. Agric. Food Chem. 44:1343-47
135. Oger PM, Mansouri H, Nesme X, Dessaux Y. 2004. Engineering root exudation of Lotus toward the production of two novel carbon compounds leads to the selection of distinct microbial populations in the rhizosphere. Microb. Ecol. 47:96-103
136. O'Malley RC, Lynn DG. 2000. Expansin message regulation in parasitic angiosperms: marking time in development. Plant Cell 12:1455-65
137. Palma JM, Longa MA, del Rio LA, Arines J. 1993. Superoxide dismutase in vesicular arbuscular mycorrhizal red clover plants. Physiol Plant 87:77-83
138. Palmer AG, Gao R, Maresh J, Erbil WK, Lynn DG. 2004. Chemical biology of multihost/pathogen interactions: chemical perception and metabolic complementation. Annu. Rev. Phytopath. 42:439-64
139. Patterson E, Sims A. 2000. Effect of nitrogen supply and defoliation on loss of organic compounds from roots of Festuca rubra. J. Exp. Bot. 51:1449-57
140. Peer WA, Bandyopadhyay A, Blakeslee JJ, Makam SN, Chen RJ, et al. 2004. Variation in expression and protein localization of the PIN family of auxin efflux facilitator proteins in flavonoid mutants with altered auxin transport in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Cell 16:1898-911
141. Pei ZM, Murata Y, Benning G, Thomine S, Klusener B, et al. 2000. Calcium channels activated by hydrogen peroxide mediate abscisic acid signalling in guard cells. Nature 406:731-4
142. Penuelas J, Ribas-Carbo M, Giles L. 1996. Effects of allelochemicals on plant respiration and oxygen isotope fractionation by the alternative oxidase. J. Chem. Ecol. 22:801-5
143. Perret X, Staehelin C, Broughton WJ. 2000. Molecular basis of symbiotic promiscuity. Microbiol. Mol. Biol. Rev. 64:180-201
144. Perry LG, Johnson C, Alford ER, Vivanco JM, Paschke MW. 2006. Screening of grassland plants for restoration after spotted knapweed invasion. Rest. Ecol. In press
145. Perry LG, Thelen GC, Ridenour WM, Weir TL, Callaway RM, et al. 2005. Dual role for an allelochemical: (±)-catechin from Centaurea maculosa root exudates regulates conspecific seedling establishment. J. Ecol. 93:1125-36
146. Peters NK, Frost JW, Long SR. 1986. A plant flavone, luteolin, induces expression of Rhizobium meliloti nodulation genes. Science 233:977-80
147. Picman J, Picman AK. 1984. Autotoxicity in Parthenium hysterophorus and its possible role in control of germination. Biochem. Syst. Ecol. 12:287-92
148. Politycka I. 1996. Peroxidase activity and lipid peroxidation in roots of cucmber seedlings influenced by derivatives of cinnamic and benzoic acids. Acta Physiol. Plant 18:365-70
149. Prati D, Bossdorf O. 2004. Allelopathic inhibition of germination by Alliaria petiolata (Brassicaceae). Am. J. Bot. 91:285-88
150. Pueppke SG, Broughton WJ. 1999. Rhizobium sp. strain NGR234 and R. fredii USDA257 share exceptionally broad, nested host ranges. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 12:293-318
151. Rahme LG, Stevens EJ, Wolfort SF, Shao J, Tompkins RG, Ausubel FM. 1995. Common virulence factors for bacterial pathogenicity in plants and animals. Science 286:1899-902
152. Rahme LG, Tan MW, Le L, Wong SM, Tompkins RG, et al. 1997. Use of model plant hosts to identify Pseudomonas aeruginosa virulence factors. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 94:13245-50
153. Romero-Romero T, Sanchez-Nieto S, San Juan-Badillo A, Anaya AL, Cruz-Ortega R. 2005. Comparative effects of allelochemical and water stress in roots of Lycopersicum esculentum Mill. (Solonaceae). Plant Sci. 168:1059-66
154. Romheld V, Marschner H. 1985. Evidence for a specific uptake system for iron phytosiderophores in roots of grasses. Plant Physiol. 80:175-80
155. Ronchel MC, Ramos JL. 2001. Dual system to reinforce biological containment of recombinant bacteria designed for rhizoremediation. Appl. Environ. Micro. 67:2649-56
156. Rovira AD, Newman EI, Bowen HJ, Campbell R. 1974. Quantitative assessment of the rhizosphere microflora by direct microscopy. Soil Biol. Biochem. 6:211-16
157. Ryu CM, Farag MA, Hu CH, Reddy MS, Kloepper JW, Pare PW. 2004. Bacterial volatiles induce systemic resistance in Arabidopsis. Plant Physiol. 134:1017-26
158. Schardl CL, Leuchtmann A, Spiering MJ. 2004. Symbioses of grasses with seed-borne fungal endophyte. Annu. Rev. Plant Biol. 55:315-40
159. Sicker D, Schneider B, Hennig L, Knop M, Schulz M. 2001. Glycoside carbamates from benzoxazolin-2(3H)-one detoxification in extracts and exudates of corn roots. Phytochemistry 58:819-25
160. Singh BK, Millard P, Whiteley AS, Murrell JC. 2004. Unravelling rhizosphere-microbial interactions: opportunities and limitations. Trends Microbiol. 12:386-93
161. Singh HP, Batish DR, Kohli RK. 1999. Autotoxicity: concept, organisms, and ecological significance. Crit. Rev. Plant Sci. 18:757-72
162. Smith CE, Ruttledge T, Zeng ZX, Omalley RC, Lynn DG. 1996. A mechanism for inducing plant development: the genesis of a specific inhibitor. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 93:6986-91
163. Somers E, Vanderleyden J, Srinivasan M. 2004. Rhizosphere bacterial signalling: a love parade beneath our feet. Crit. Rev. Microbiol. 30:205-235
164. Steenhoudt O, Vanderleyden J. 2000. Azospirillum, a free-living nitrogen-fixing bacterium closely associated with grasses: genetic, biochemical and ecological aspects. FEMS Microbiol. Rev. 24:487-506
165. Stermitz FR, Bais HP, Foderaro TA, Vivanco JM. 2003. 7,8-Benzoflavone: a phytotoxin from root exudates of invasive Russian knapweed. Phytochemistry 64:493-97
166. Sugiura Y, Nomoto K. 1984. Phytosiderophores: structures and properties of mugineic acids and their metal complexes. Struct. Bond. 58:107-35
167. Tamasloukht M, Sejalon-Delmas N, Kluever A, Jauneau A, Roux C, Becard G, et al. 2003. Root factors induce mitochondrial-related gene expression and fungal respiration during the developmental switch from asymbiosis to pre-symbiosis in the arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus Gigaspora rosea. Plant Physiol. 131:1468-78
168. Tan J, Bednarek P, Liu J, Schneider B, Svatos A, Hahlbrock K. 2004. Universally occurring phenylpropanoid and species-specific indolic metabolites in infected and uninfected Arabidopsis thaliana roots and leaves. Phytochemistry 65:691-99
169. Teplitski M, Chen H, Rajamani S, Gao M, Merighi M, Sayre RT, et al. 2004. Chlamydomonas reinhardtii secretes compounds that mimic bacterial signals and interfere with quorum sensing regulation in bacteria. Plant Physiol. 134:137-46
170. Teplitski M, Robinson JB, Bauer WD. 2000. Plants secrete substances that mimic bacterial N-acyl homoserine lactone signal activities and affect population density dependent behaviors in associated bacteria. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 13:637-648
171. Thrane C, Harder Nielsen T, Neiendam Nielsen M, Sorensen J, Olsson S. 2000. Viscosinamide-producing Pseudomonas fluorescens DR54 exerts a biocontrol effect on Pythium ultimum in sugar beet rhizosphere. FEMS Microbiol. Ecol. 33:139-46
172. Uhde-Stone C, Temple SJ, Vance CP, Allan DL, Zinn KE, et al. 2003. Acclimation of white lupin to phosphorus deficiency involves enhanced expression of genes related to organic acid metabolism. Plant Soil 248:99-116
173. Uren NC. 2000. Types, amounts and possible functions of compounds released into the rhizosphere by soil grown plants. In The Rhizosphere: Biochemistry and Organic Substances at the Soil Interface, ed. R Pinton, Z Varanini, P Nannipieri. pp. 19-40. New York: Marcel Dekker
174. Van Gundy SD, Kirkpatrick JD, Golden J. 1977. The nature and role of metabolic leakage from root-knot nematode galls and infection by Rhizoctonia solani. J. Nematol. 9:113-21
175. van West P, Morris BM, Reid B, Appiah AA, Osborne MC, et al. 2002. Oomycete plant pathogens use electric fields to target roots. Mol. Plant-Microbe Interact. 15:790-98
176. Vicre M, Santaella C, Blanchet S, Gateau A, Driouich A. 2005. Root border-like cells of Arabidopsis. Microscopical characterization and role in the interaction with rhizobacteria. Plant Physiol. 138:998-1008
177. Vivanco JM, Bais HP, Stermitz FR, Thelen GC, Callaway RM. 2004. Biogeographical variation in community response to root allelochemistry: novel weapons and exotic invasion. Ecol. Lett. 7:285-92
178. von Bodman SB, Bauer WD, Coplin DL. 2003. Quorum-sensing in plant pathogenic bacteria. Annu. Rev. Phytopathol. 41:455-82
179. Von Jagow G, Link TA. 1986. Use of specific inhibitors on the mitochondrial bel complex. Meth. Enzymol. 126:253-71
180. von Rad U, Huttl R, Lottspeich F, Gierl A, Frey M. 2001. Two glucosyltransferases are involved in detoxification of benzoxazinoids in maize. Plant J. 28:633-42
181. Walker TS, Bais HP, Grotewold E, Vivanco JM. 2003. Root exudation and rhizosphere biology. Plant Physiol. 132:44-51
182. Wardle DA, Lavelle P. 1997. Linkages between soil biota, plant litter quality, and decomposition. In Driven by Nature, Plant Litter Quality and Decomposition, ed. G Cadisch, KE Giller, pp. 107-24. Wallingford: CAB Intl.
183. Wardle DA, Nicholson KS, Ahmed M, Rahman A. 1994. Interference effects of the invasive plant Carduus nutans L. against the nitrogen fixation ability of Trifolium repens L. Plant Soil 163:287-97
184. Wardle DA, Nicholson KS, Rahman A. 1993. Influence of plant age on the allelopathic potential of nodding thistle (Carduus nutans L.) against pasture grasses and legumes. Weed Res. 33:69-78
185. Wardle DA, Nilsson M-C, Gallet C, Zackrisson O. 1998. An ecosystem-level perspective of allelopathy. Biol. Rev. Camb Phil. Soc. 73:305-19
186. Weidenhamer JD, Romeo JT. 2004. Allelochemicals of Polygonella myriophylla: chemistry and soil degradation. J. Chem. Ecol. 30:1067-82
187. Weir TL, Bais HP, Vivanco JM. 2003. Intraspecific and interspecific interactions mediated by a phytotoxin, (-)-catechin, secreted by the roots of Centaurea maculosa (spotted knapweed). J. Chem. Ecol. 29:2397-412
188. Weir TL, Park SW, Vivanco JM. 2004. Biochemical and physiological mechanisms mediated by allelochemicals. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 7:472-79
189. Williams RJ, Spencer JP, Rice-Evans C. 2004. Flavonoids: antioxidants or signalling molecules? Free Radic. Biol. Med. 36:838-49
190. Williamson GB. 1990. Allelopathy, Koch's postulates and neck riddles. In Perspectives in Plant Competition, ed. JB Grace, D Tilman, pp. 143-62. London: Academic
191. Wu HW, Haig T, Pratley J, Lemerle D, An M. 2000. Allelochemicals in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.): variation of phenolic acids in root tissues. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48:5321-25
192. Yamada Y, Nihira T. 1998. Microbial hormones and microbial chemical ecology. In Comprehensive Natural Products Chemistry. Vol. 8, ed. DHR Barton, K Nakanishi, pp. 377-413. Oxford: Elsevier
193. Yang XH, Scheffler BE, Weston LA. 2004. SOR1, a gene associated with bioherbicide production in sorghum root hairs. J. Exp. Bot. 55:2251-59
194. Yeates GW. 1999. Effects of plants on nematode community structure. Annu. Rev. Phytopath. 37:127-49
195. Yoder JI. 1999. Parasitic plant responses to host plant signals: a model for subterranean plant-plant interactions. Curr. Opin. Plant Biol. 2:65-70
196. Yu JQ, Ye SF, Zhang MF, Hu WH. 2003. Effects of root exudates and aqueous root extracts of cucumber (Cucumis sativus) and allelochemicals, on photosynthesis and antioxidant enzymes in cucumber. Biochem. Sys. Ecol. 31:129-39
197. Zackrisson O, Nilsson M-C. 1992. Allelopathic effects by Empetrum hermaphroditum on seed germination of two boreal tree species. Can. J. Forest Res. 22:1310-19