Appraisal of the current staging system for residual medulloblastoma by volumetric analysis

Child's Nervous System

Volumn 27, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 2101-2106

  Kombogiorgas, Dimitris ^a   Puget, Stephanie ^b   Boddaert, Nathalie ^b   Peet, Andrew ^a   English, Martin ^a   Natarajan, Kal ^a   Grill, Jacques ^c   Couanet, Dominique ^c   Sainte Rose, Christian ^b   Sgouros, Spyros ^a  

^a BIRMINGHAM CHILDREN S HOSPITAL   (United Kingdom)

^b HÔPITAL NECKER ENFANTS MALADES   (France)

^c INSTITUT GUSTAVE ROUSSY   (France)

Author keywords

Image analysis; Medulloblastoma; Posterior fossa tumour; Residual tumour; Staging; Surgery

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CANCER CLASSIFICATION; CANCER STAGING; CANCER SURGERY; CHILD; CLINICAL ARTICLE; FEMALE; FOLLOW UP; HUMAN; HUMAN TISSUE; IMAGE ANALYSIS; INFANT; MALE; MEDULLOBLASTOMA; NUCLEAR MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; POSTOPERATIVE PERIOD; PREOPERATIVE PERIOD; PRESCHOOL CHILD; PRIORITY JOURNAL; SCHOOL CHILD; TUMOR VOLUME;

ADOLESCENT; CEREBELLAR NEOPLASMS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION; MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING; MALE; MEDULLOBLASTOMA; NEOPLASM, RESIDUAL; OUTCOME ASSESSMENT (HEALTH CARE); POSTOPERATIVE CARE; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES; TUMOR BURDEN;

EID: 82455210933     PISSN: 02567040     EISSN: 14330350     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00381-011-1533-7     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. N Agerlin F Gjerris H Brincker J Haase H Laursen KA Moller N Ovesen E Reske-Nielsen K Schmidt 1999 Childhood medulloblastoma in Denmark 1960-1984. A population-based retrospective study Childs Nerv Syst 15 1 29 36 10066017 10.1007/s003810050322 1:STN:280:DyaK1M7mtl2jsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 29193330)
2. PH Aguiar JP Plese O Ciquini R Marino 1995 Transient mutism following a posterior fossa approach to cerebellar tumors in children: a critical review of the literature Childs Nerv Syst 11 5 306 310 7648574 10.1007/BF00301766 1:STN:280:DyaK2Mzns1Kmuw%3D%3D
3. AL Albright JH Wisoff PM Zeltzer JM Boyett LB Rorke P Stanley 1996 Effects of medulloblastoma resections on outcome in children: a report from the Children's Cancer Group Neurosurgery 38 2 265 271 8869053 10.1097/00006123- 199602000-00007 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2Fit1KqsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26030705)
4. C Arseni AV Ciurea 1981 Statistical survey of 276 cases of medulloblastoma (1935-1978) Acta Neurochir (Wien) 57 3-4 159 162 10.1007/BF01664834 1:STN:280:DyaL38%2FitVGrug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 11006133)
5. CC Bailey A Gnekow S Wellek M Jones C Round J Brown A Phillips MK Neidhardt 1995 Prospective randomised trial of chemotherapy given before radiotherapy in childhood medulloblastoma. International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP) and the (German) Society of Paediatric Oncology (GPO): SIOP II Med Pediatr Oncol 25 3 166 178 7623725 10.1002/mpo.2950250303 1:STN:280:DyaK2MzkvFCmtA%3D%3D
6. L Cervoni G Cantore 1995 Medulloblastoma in pediatric age: a single-institution review of prognostic factors Childs Nerv Syst 11 2 80 84 7758016 10.1007/BF00303809 1:STN:280:DyaK2M3nslOntg%3D%3D
7. CH Chang EM Housepian C Herbert Jr 1969 An operative staging system and a megavoltage radiotherapeutic technique for cerebellar medulloblastomas Radiology 93 6 1351 1359 4983156 1:STN:280:DyaE3c%2FnvVOhtQ%3D%3D
8. LP Clarke RP Velthuizen MA Camacho JJ Heine M Vaidyanathan LO Hall RW Thatcher ML Silbiger 1995 MRI segmentation: methods and applications Magn Reson Imaging 13 3 343 368 7791545 10.1016/0730-725X(94)00124-L 1:STN:280: DyaK2MzhtFKltA%3D%3D
9. HE Cline CL Dumoulin HR Hart Jr WE Lorensen S Ludke 1987 3D Reconstruction of the brain from magnetic resonance images using a connectivity algorithm Magn Reson Imaging 5 5 345 352 3695821 10.1016/0730-725X(87)90124-X 1:STN:280:DyaL1c%2FptlGmtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 17167623)
10. DD Cochrane B Gustavsson KP Poskitt P Steinbok JR Kestle 1994 The surgical and natural morbidity of aggressive resection for posterior fossa tumors in childhood Pediatr Neurosurg 20 1 19 29 8142278 10.1159/000120761 1:STN:280:DyaK2c7ptVOqtw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 24033295)
11. JR Crawford TJ MacDonald RJ Packer 2007 Medulloblastoma in childhood: new biological advances Lancet Neurol 6 12 1073 1085 18031705 10.1016/S1474- 4422(07)70289-2 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD1cXjsF2itw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 350116703)
12. KM David AT Casey RD Hayward WF Harkness K Phipps AM Wade 1997 Medulloblastoma: is the 5-year survival rate improving? A review of 80 cases from a single institution J Neurosurg 86 1 13 21 8988076 10.3171/jns.1997.86.1. 0013 1:STN:280:DyaK2s7ktFyhtA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27009969)
13. M Deutsch PR Thomas J Krischer JM Boyett L Albright P Aronin J Langston JC Allen RJ Packer R Linggood R Mulhern P Stanley JA Stehbens P Duffner L Kun L Rorke J Cherlow H Freidman JL Finlay T Vietti 1996 Results of a prospective randomized trial comparing standard dose neuraxis irradiation (3,600 cGy/20) with reduced neuraxis irradiation (2,340 cGy/13) in patients with low-stage medulloblastoma. A combined children's cancer group-pediatric oncology group study Pediatr Neurosurg 24 4 167 176 8873158 10.1159/000121042 1:STN:280:DyaK2s%2Fis12ruw%3D%3D
14. AE Evans RD Jenkin R Sposto JA Ortega CB Wilson W Wara IJ Ertel S Kramer CH Chang SL Leikin 1990 The treatment of medulloblastoma. Results of a prospective randomized trial of radiation therapy with and without CCNU, vincristine, and prednisone J Neurosurg 72 4 572 582 2319316 10.3171/jns.1990.72.4.0572 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3gsVSiuw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 20113683)
15. A Gajjar R Hernan M Kocak C Fuller Y Lee PJ McKinnon D Wallace C Lau M Chintagumpala DM Ashley SJ Kellie L Kun RJ Gilbertson 2004 Clinical, histopathologic, and molecular markers of prognosis: toward a new disease risk stratification system for medulloblastoma J Clin Oncol 22 6 984 993 14970185 10.1200/JCO.2004.06.032 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXptlCkurs%3D (Pubitemid 41095029)
16. A Gajjar RA Sanford R Bhargava R Heideman A Walter Y Li JW Langston JJ Jenkins M Muhlbauer J Boyett LE Kun 1996 Medulloblastoma with brain stem involvement: the impact of gross total resection on outcome Pediatr Neurosurg 25 4 182 187 9293545 10.1159/000121121 1:STN:280:DyaK2svjvFSqsQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 27328446)
17. R Gilbertson C Wickramasinghe R Hernan V Balaji D Hunt D Jones-Wallace J Crolla R Perry J Lunec A Pearson D Ellison 2001 Clinical and molecular stratification of disease risk in medulloblastoma Br J Cancer 85 5 705 712 11531256 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1987 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXns1yktr0%3D (Pubitemid 32929469)
18. RJ Gilbertson 2004 Medulloblastoma: signalling a change in treatment Lancet Oncol 5 4 209 218 15050952 10.1016/S1470-2045(04)01424-X (Pubitemid 38391216)
19. MT Giordana P Schiffer D Schiffer 1998 Prognostic factors in medulloblastoma Childs Nerv Syst 14 6 256 262 9694337 10.1007/s003810050221 1:STN:280:DyaK1czlslOisg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28317414)
20. J Grill C Sainte-Rose A Jouvet JC Gentet O Lejars D Frappaz F Doz X Rialland F Pichon AI Bertozzi P Chastagner D Couanet JL Habrand MA Raquin MC Le Deley C Kalifa 2005 Treatment of medulloblastoma with postoperative chemotherapy alone: an SFOP prospective trial in young children Lancet Oncol 6 8 573 580 16054568 10.1016/S1470-2045(05)70252-7 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXmvVWmtrw%3D (Pubitemid 41051935)
21. S Gururangan E Hwang JE Herndon H Fuchs T George RE Coleman 2004 [18F]Fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography in patients with medulloblastoma Neurosurgery 55 6 1280 1288 15574210 10.1227/01.NEU.0000143027. 41632.2B (Pubitemid 39612869)
22. EC Halperin HS Friedman 1996 Is there a correlation between duration of presenting symptoms and stage of medulloblastoma at the time of diagnosis? Cancer 78 4 874 880 8756384 10.1002/(SICI)1097-0142(19960815)78:4<874::AID- CNCR26>3.0.CO;2-R 1:STN:280:DyaK28zis1akuw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26268620)
23. EN Hughes J Shillito SE Sallan JS Loeffler JR Cassady NJ Tarbell 1988 Medulloblastoma at the joint center for radiation therapy between 1968 and 1984. The influence of radiation dose on the patterns of failure and survival Cancer 61 10 1992 1998 3129177 10.1002/1097-0142(19880515)61:10<1992::AID- CNCR2820611011>3.0.CO;2-J 1:STN:280:DyaL1c7psVamsA%3D%3D
24. D Jenkin K Goddard D Armstrong L Becker M Berry H Chan M Doherty M Greenberg B Hendrick H Hoffman 1990 Posterior fossa medulloblastoma in childhood: treatment results and a proposal for a new staging system Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 19 2 265 274 2394606 10.1016/0360-3016(90)90533-P 1:STN:280:DyaK3czmvVCjuw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 20299017)
25. Y Khafaga AE Kandil A Jamshed M Hassounah E DeVol AJ Gray 1996 Treatment results for 149 medulloblastoma patients from one institution Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 35 3 501 506 8655373 10.1016/S0360-3016(96)80012-5 1:STN:280:DyaK283nt1Wruw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26242898)
26. D Kombogiorgas K Natarajan S Sgouros 2008 Predictive value of preoperative ventricular volume on the need for permanent hydrocephalus treatment immediately after resection of posterior fossa medulloblastomas in children J Neurosurg Pediatr 1 451 455 18518695 10.3171/PED/2008/1/6/451 (Pubitemid 351798834)
27. D Kombogiorgas S Sgouros AR Walsh AD Hockley M Stevens R Grundy A Peet M English D Spooner 2007 Outcome of children with posterior fossa medulloblastoma: a single institution experience over the decade 1994-2003 Childs Nerv Syst 23 399 405 17119978 10.1007/s00381-006-0258-5 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2szptlOgsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 46766856)
28. RD Kortmann J Kuhl B Timmermann U Mittler C Urban V Budach E Richter N Willich M Flentje F Berthold I Slavc J Wolff C Meisner O Wiestler N Sorensen M Warmuth-Metz M Bamberg 2000 Postoperative neoadjuvant chemotherapy before radiotherapy as compared to immediate radiotherapy followed by maintenance chemotherapy in the treatment of medulloblastoma in childhood: results of the German prospective randomized trial HIT '91 Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 46 2 269 279 10661332 10.1016/S0360-3016(99)00369-7 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3c7isV2nug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30067775)
29. CE Coles AC Hoole SV Harden NG Burnet N Twyman RE Tayoar RD Kortmann MV Williams 2003 Quantitative assessment of inter-clinician variability of target volume delineation for medulloblastoma: quality assurance for the SIOP PNET 4 trial protocol Radiother Oncol 69 2 189 194 14643957 10.1016/j.radonc.2003.09. 009 (Pubitemid 37485879)
30. JP Laurent CH Chang ME Cohen 1985 A classification system for primitive neuroectodermal tumors (medulloblastoma) of the posterior fossa Cancer 56 7 Suppl 1807 1809 4027916 10.1002/1097-0142(19851001)56:7+<1807::AID- CNCR2820561317>3.0.CO;2-U 1:STN:280:DyaL2M3ot1Slsg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 16218930)
31. CO Maher C Raffel 2004 Neurosurgical treatment of brain tumors in children Pediatr Clin North Am 51 2 327 357 15062674 10.1016/S0031-3955(03) 00206-2 (Pubitemid 38446512)
32. R Miralbell TJ Fitzgerald F Laurie S Kessel A Glicksman HS Friedman M Urie JL Kepner T Zhou Z Chen P Barnes L Kun NJ Tarbell 2006 Radiotherapy in pediatric medulloblastoma: quality assessment of pediatric oncology group trial 9031 Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 64 5 1325 1330 16413699 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2005. 11.002
33. V Oyharcabal-Bourden C Kalifa JC Gentet D Frappaz C Edan P Chastagner E Sariban A Pagnier A Babin F Pichon S Neuenschwander M Vinchon D Bours V Mosseri C Le Gales M Ruchoux C Carrie F Doz 2005 Standard-risk medulloblastoma treated by adjuvant chemotherapy followed by reduced-dose craniospinal radiation therapy: a French society of pediatric oncology study J Clin Oncol 23 21 4726 473 16034048 10.1200/JCO.2005.00.760 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2Mzns1Ojtg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 46224076)
34. RJ Packer J Goldwein HS Nicholson LG Vezina JC Allen MD Ris K Muraszko LB Rorke WM Wara BH Cohen JM Boyett 1999 Treatment of children with medulloblastomas with reduced-dose craniospinal radiation therapy and adjuvant chemotherapy: a children's cancer group study J Clin Oncol 17 7 2127 2136 10561268 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXkvVSmur8%3D (Pubitemid 29318845)
35. RJ Packer BR Rood TJ MacDonald 2003 Medulloblastoma: present concepts of stratification into risk groups Pediatr Neurosurg 39 2 60 67 12845195 10.1159/000071316 (Pubitemid 36829097)
36. RJ Packer LN Sutton R Elterman B Lange J Goldwein HS Nicholson L Mulne J Boyett G D'Angio K Wechsler-Jentzsch 1994 Outcome for children with medulloblastoma treated with radiation and cisplatin, CCNU, and vincristine chemotherapy J Neurosurg 81 5 690 698 7931615 10.3171/jns.1994.81.5.0690 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FhslSntg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 24328694)
37. RJ Packer LN Sutton JW Goldwein G Perilongo G Bunin J Ryan BH Cohen G D'Angio ED Kramer RA Zimmerman 1991 Improved survival with the use of adjuvant chemotherapy in the treatment of medulloblastoma J Neurosurg 74 3 433 440 1847194 10.3171/jns.1991.74.3.0433 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7jt1alug%3D%3D
38. TS Park HJ Hoffman EB Hendrick RP Humphreys LE Becker 1983 Medulloblastoma: clinical presentation and management. Experience at the hospital for sick children, Toronto, 1950-1980 J Neurosurg 58 4 543 552 6827349 10.3171/jns.1983.58.4.0543 1:STN:280:DyaL3s7jsl2gug%3D%3D (Pubitemid 13121087)
39. AC Paulino 2002 Current multimodality management of medulloblastoma Curr Probl Cancer 26 6 317 356 12447347 10.1067/mcn.2002.130267
40. WE Phillips RP Velthuizen S Phuphanich LO Hall LP Clarke ML Silbiger 1995 Application of fuzzy c-means segmentation technique for tissue differentiation in MR images of a hemorrhagic glioblastoma multiforme Magn Reson Imaging 13 2 277 290 7739370 10.1016/0730-725X(94)00093-I
41. AP Polednak JT Flannery 1995 Brain, other central nervous system, and eye cancer Cancer 75 1 Suppl 330 337 8001004 10.1002/1097-0142(19950101)75: 1+<330::AID-CNCR2820751315>3.0.CO;2-5 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FpsVWhuw%3D%3D
42. AJ Raimondi T Tomita 1979 Medulloblastoma in childhood: comparative results of partial and total resection Childs Brain 5 3 310 328 456106 1:STN:280:DyaE1M3ht1Ontg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 9148953)
43. RO Roberts CF Lynch MP Jones MN Hart 1991 Medulloblastoma: a population-based study of 532 cases J Neuropathol Exp Neurol 50 2 134 144 2010773 10.1097/00005072-199103000-00005 1:STN:280:DyaK3M7os1Wltg%3D%3D
44. PL Robertson KM Muraszko EJ Holmes R Sposto RJ Packer A Gajjar MS Dias JC Allen 2006 Incidence and severity of postoperative cerebellar mutism syndrome in children with medulloblastoma: a prospective study by the Children's Oncology Group J Neurosurg 105 6 444 451 17184075 (Pubitemid 44968374)
45. BR Rood TJ MacDonald RJ Packer 2004 Current treatment of medulloblastoma: recent advances and future challenges Semin Oncol 31 5 666 675 15497120 10.1053/j.seminoncol.2004.07.009 (Pubitemid 39389018)
46. S Rutkowski U Bode F Deinlein H Ottensmeier M Warmuth-Metz N Soerensen N Graf A Emser T Pietsch JE Wolff RD Kortmann J Kuehl 2005 Treatment of early childhood medulloblastoma by postoperative chemotherapy alone N Engl J Med 352 10 978 986 15758008 10.1056/NEJMoa042176 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXit1WksLs%3D (Pubitemid 40349500)
47. S Sgouros JH Goldin AD Hockley MJ Wake K Natarajan 1999 Intracranial volume change in childhood J Neurosurg 91 4 610 616 10507383 10.3171/jns.1999.91.4.0610 1:STN:280:DyaK1MvjsFaitQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30133459)
48. T Stavrou CM Bromley HS Nicholson J Byrne RJ Packer AM Goldstein GH Reaman 2001 Prognostic factors and secondary malignancies in childhood medulloblastoma J Pediatr Hematol Oncol 23 7 431 436 11878577 10.1097/00043426-200110000-00008 1:STN:280:DC%2BD387jvFOltQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 33031771)
49. P Steinbok DD Cochrane R Perrin A Price 2003 Mutism after posterior fossa tumour resection in children: incomplete recovery on long-term follow-up Pediatr Neurosurg 39 4 179 183 12944697 10.1159/000072468 (Pubitemid 37116983)
50. CA Stiller J Nectoux 1994 International incidence of childhood brain and spinal tumours Int J Epidemiol 23 3 458 464 7960369 10.1093/ije/23.3.458 1:STN:280:DyaK2M%2FkvFSgtQ%3D%3D (Pubitemid 24214849)
51. D Strother D Ashley SJ Kellie A Patel D Jones-Wallace S Thompson S Thompson R Heideman E Benaim R Krance L Bowman A Gajjar 2001 Feasibility of four consecutive high-dose chemotherapy cycles with stem-cell rescue for patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma or supratentorial primitive neuroectodermal tumor after craniospinal radiotherapy: results of a collaborative study J Clin Oncol 19 10 2696 2704 11352962 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD3MXkt1Omu7s%3D (Pubitemid 32441375)
52. LN Sutton PC Phillips PT Molloy 1996 Surgical management of medulloblastoma J Neurooncol 29 1 9 21 8817412 10.1007/BF00165514 1:STN:280:DyaK28vhsVertg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 26193500)
53. DM Tait H Thornton-Jones HJ Bloom J Lemerle P Morris-Jones 1990 Adjuvant chemotherapy for medulloblastoma: the first multi-centre control trial of the International Society of Paediatric Oncology (SIOP I) Eur J Cancer 26 4 464 469 2141512 1:STN:280:DyaK3c3ptV2isw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 20209976)
54. RE Taylor CC Bailey K Robinson CL Weston D Ellison J Ironside H Lucraft R Gilbertson DM Tait DA Walker BL Pizer J Imeson LS Lashford 2003 Results of a randomized study of preradiation chemotherapy versus radiotherapy alone for nonmetastatic medulloblastoma: the international Society of Paediatric Oncology/United Kingdom Children's Cancer Study Group PNET-3 study J Clin Oncol 21 8 1581 1591 12697884 10.1200/JCO.2003.05.116 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2cXptlCksLk%3D (Pubitemid 46594113)
55. RE Taylor CC Bailey KJ Robinson CL Weston DA Walker D Ellison J Ironside BL Pizer LS Lashford 2005 Outcome for patients with metastatic (M2-3) medulloblastoma treated with SIOP/UKCCSG PNET-3 chemotherapy Eur J Cancer 41 5 727 734 15763649 10.1016/j.ejca.2004.12.017 1:CAS:528:DC%2BD2MXitF2isb8%3D (Pubitemid 40342556)
56. PR Thomas M Deutsch JL Kepner JM Boyett J Krischer P Aronin L Albright JC Allen RJ Packer R Linggood R Mulhern JA Stehbens J Langston P Stanley P Duffner L Rorke J Cherlow HS Friedman JL Finlay TJ Vietti LE Kun 2000 Low-stage medulloblastoma: final analysis of trial comparing standard-dose with reduced-dose neuraxis irradiation J Clin Oncol 18 16 3004 3011 10944134 1:STN:280:DC%2BD3cvivFCktw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 30644125)
57. T Tomita DG McLone 1986 Medulloblastoma in childhood: results of radical resection and low-dose neuraxis radiation therapy J Neurosurg 64 2 238 242 3944633 10.3171/jns.1986.64.2.0238 1:STN:280:DyaL287hsVahsA%3D%3D (Pubitemid 16140336)
58. J Verlooy V Mosseri S Bracard AL Tubiana C Kalifa F Pichon D Frappaz P Chastagner A Pagnier AI Bertozzi JC Gentet E Sariban X Rialland C Edan D Bours M Zerah C Le Gales C Alapetite F Doz 2006 Treatment of high risk medulloblastomas in children above the age of 3 years: a SFOP study Eur J Cancer 42 17 3004 3014 16956759 10.1016/j.ejca.2006.02.026 1:STN:280:DC%2BD2s%2FgvFCgsw%3D%3D (Pubitemid 44667471)
59. MD Weil K Lamborn MS Edwards WM Wara 1998 Influence of a child's sex on medulloblastoma outcome JAMA 279 18 1474 1476 9600483 10.1001/jama.279.18.1474 1:STN:280:DyaK1c3mtFWisg%3D%3D (Pubitemid 28228206)
60. K Xie J Yang ZG Zhang YM Zhu 2005 Semi-automated brain tumor and edema segmentation using MRI Eur J Radiol 56 1 12 19 16168259 10.1016/j.ejrad.2005.03. 028 (Pubitemid 41316480)
61. PM Zeltzer JM Boyett JL Finlay AL Albright LB Rorke JM Milstein JC Allen KR Stevens P Stanley H Li JH Wisoff JR Geyer P Guire-Cullen JA Stehbens SB Shurin RJ Packer 1999 Metastasis stage, adjuvant treatment, and residual tumor are prognostic factors for medulloblastoma in children: conclusions from the children's cancer group 921 randomized phase III study J Clin Oncol 17 3 832 845 10071274 1:CAS:528:DyaK1MXhvFGgur0%3D (Pubitemid 29109313)