T-cell and natural killer-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia neoplasias

Leukemia and Lymphoma

Volumn 52, Issue 12, 2011, Pages 2217-2225

  Watters, Rebecca J ^a   Liu, Xin ^a   Loughran Jr , Thomas P ^a  

^a PENN STATE COLLEGE OF MEDICINE   (United States)

Author keywords

Lymphocytes; Lymphoid leukemia; NK cell biology

Indexed keywords

2 MORPHOLINO 8 PHENYLCHROMONE; CD16 ANTIGEN; CD3 ANTIGEN; CD56 ANTIGEN; CERAMIDASE; CERAMIDE; CERAMIDE GLUCOSYLTRANSFERASE; CYCLOPHOSPHAMIDE; CYCLOSPORIN A; FAS ANTIGEN; FAS LIGAND; FINGOLIMOD; FLUDARABINE; FTI 2153; HEMOGLOBIN; METHOTREXATE; MITOGEN ACTIVATED PROTEIN KINASE; N BENZYL 2 CYANO 3 (3,4 DIHYDROXYPHENYL)ACRYLAMIDE; PHOSPHATIDYLINOSITOL 3 KINASE; PLATELET DERIVED GROWTH FACTOR; PROTEIN KINASE B; RAS PROTEIN; SPHINGOSINE 1 PHOSPHATE RECEPTOR; STAT3 PROTEIN; SURVIVIN; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR ALPHA CHAIN; T LYMPHOCYTE RECEPTOR BETA CHAIN; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ACUTE LYMPHOBLASTIC LEUKEMIA; APOPTOSIS; AUTOIMMUNITY; BACTERIAL INFECTION; BLOOD SMEAR; CANCER DIAGNOSIS; CANCER RESISTANCE; CD3+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CD8+ T LYMPHOCYTE; CELL DEATH; CELL FUNCTION; CELL PROLIFERATION; CELL SURVIVAL; CHROMOSOME 17P; CHROMOSOME 6Q; CYTOTOXIC T LYMPHOCYTE; CYTOTOXICITY; FELTY SYNDROME; FEVER; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GENE DELETION; GENE LOSS; GRAFT VERSUS HOST REACTION; HEMOGLOBIN BLOOD LEVEL; HEMOLYTIC ANEMIA; HEPATOMEGALY; HUMAN; IMMUNE SYSTEM; IMMUNOSUPPRESSIVE TREATMENT; LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTE; LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTE LEUKEMIA; LOW DRUG DOSE; LYMPHADENOPATHY; LYMPHOCYTOSIS; NATURAL KILLER CELL; NEUROPATHY; NEUTROPENIA; NIGHT SWEAT; NK T CELL LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTE LEUKEMIA; NK T CELL LYMPHOMA; POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PROTEIN TARGETING; PURE RED CELL ANEMIA; RECURRENT INFECTION; REVIEW; RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS; SPLENOMEGALY; T CELL LEUKEMIA; THROMBOCYTE COUNT; THROMBOCYTOPENIA; TREATMENT RESPONSE; VASCULITIS; WEIGHT REDUCTION;

ANIMALS; HUMANS; KILLER CELLS, NATURAL; LEUKEMIA, LARGE GRANULAR LYMPHOCYTIC; RESEARCH; T-LYMPHOCYTES, CYTOTOXIC;

EID: 82255193020     PISSN: 10428194     EISSN: 10292403     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3109/10428194.2011.593276     Document Type: Review

References (100)

1. Alekshun TJ, Sokol L. Diseases of large granular lymphocytes. Cancer Control 2007;14:141-150. (Pubitemid 46515150)
2. Zhang R, Shah MV, Loughran TP Jr. Te root of many evils: indolent large granular lymphocyte leukaemia and associated disorders. Hematol Oncol 2010;28:105-117.
3. Sokol L, Loughran TP Jr. Large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Oncologist 2006;11:263-273.
4. Williams MA, Bevan MJ. effector and memory CTL dif erentiation. Annu Rev Immunol 2007;25:171-192. (Pubitemid 46697906)
5. Loughran TP Jr, Kadin ME, Starkebaum G, et al. Leukemia of large granular lymphocytes: association with clonal chromosomal abnormalities and autoimmune neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and hemolytic anemia. Ann Intern Med 1985;102:169-175. (Pubitemid 15157163)
6. Bennett JM, Catovsky D, Daniel MT, et al. Proposals for the classif cation of chronic (mature) B and T lymphoid leukaemias. French-American-British (FAB) Cooperative Group. J Clin Pathol 1989;42:567-584. (Pubitemid 19156426)
7. Loughran TP Jr. Clonal diseases of large granular lymphocytes. Blood 1993;82:1-14. (Pubitemid 23188739)
8. Loughran TP Jr, Kidd PG, Starkebaum G. Treatment of large granular lymphocyte leukemia with oral low-dose methotrexate. Blood 1994;84:2164-2170. (Pubitemid 24296373)
9. Harris NL, Jafe ES, Diebold J, et al. World Health Organization classif cation of neoplastic diseases of the hematopoietic and lymphoid tissues: report of the Clinical Advisory Committee meeting-Airlie House, Virginia, November 1997. J Clin Oncol 1999;17:3835-3849.
10. Lamy T, Loughran TP Jr. How I treat LGL leukemia. Blood 2011;117:2764-2774.
11. Krammer PH. CD95's deadly mission in the immune system. Nature 2000;407:789-795.
12. Shah MV, Zhang R, Loughran TP Jr. Never say die: survival signaling in large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Clin Lymphoma Myeloma 2009;9(Suppl. 3):S244-S253.
13. Smyth MJ, Kelly JM, Sutton VR, et al. Unlocking the secrets of cytotoxic granule proteins. J Leukoc Biol 2001;70:18-29. (Pubitemid 32613658)
14. Rose MG, Berliner N. T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia and related disorders. Oncologist 2004;9:247-258. (Pubitemid 38756874)
15. Freimark B, Lanier L, Phillips J, Quertermous T, Fox R. Comparison of T cell receptor gene rearrangements in patients with large granular T cell leukemia and Felty's syndrome. J Immunol 1987;138: 1724-1729. (Pubitemid 17040793)
16. Starkebaum G, Loughran TP Jr, Gaur LK, Davis P, Nepom BS. Immunogenetic similarities between patients with Felty's syndrome and those with clonal expansions of large granular lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1997;40:624-626. (Pubitemid 27157566)
17. Bowman SJ, Sivakumaran M, Snowden N, et al. Te large granular lymphocyte syndrome with rheumatoid arthritis. Immunogenetic evidence for a broader def nition of Felty's syndrome. Arthritis Rheum 1994;37:1326-1330. (Pubitemid 24320750)
18. Liu X, Loughran TP Jr. Te spectrum of large granular lymphocyte leukemia and Felty's syndrome. Curr Opin Hematol 2011;18:254-259.
19. Loughran TP Jr, Starkebaum G, Kidd P, Neiman P. Clonal proliferation of large granular lymphocytes in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum 1988;31:31-36. (Pubitemid 18078232)
20. Dhodapkar MV, Li CY, Lust JA, Teferi A, Phyliky RL. Clinical spectrum of clonal proliferations of T-large granular lymphocytes: a T-cell clonopathy of undetermined signif cance? Blood 1994;84:1620-1627. (Pubitemid 24273033)
21. +large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Leuk Lymphoma 1996;23:405-408.
22. Babel N, Brestrich G, Gondek LP, et al. Clonotype analysis of cytomegalovirus-specif c cytotoxic T lymphocytes. J Am Soc Nephrol 2009;20:344-352.
23. O'Keefe CL, Plasilova M, Wlodarski M, et al. Molecular analysis of TCR clonotypes in LGL: a clonal model for polyclonal responses. J Immunol 2004;172:1960-1969. (Pubitemid 38116847)
24. Ryan DK, Alexander HD, Morris TC. Routine diagnosis of large granular lymphocytic leukaemia by Southern blot and polymerase chain reaction analysis of clonal T cell receptor gene rearrangement. Mol Pathol 1997;50:77-81. (Pubitemid 27455007)
25. Beck RC, Stahl S, O'Keefe CL, Maciejewski JP, Teil KS, Hsi ED. Detection of mature T-cell leukemias by flow cytometry using anti-T-cell receptor V beta antibodies. Am J Clin Pathol 2003;120:785-794. (Pubitemid 37339688)
26. Morice WG, Kurtin PJ, Teferi A, Hanson CA. Distinct bone marrow f ndings in T-cell granular lymphocytic leukemia revealed by paraf n section immunoperoxidase stains for CD8, TIA-1, and granzyme B. Blood 2002;99:268-274.
27. Epling-Burnette PK, Loughran TP Jr. Survival signals in leukemic large granular lymphocytes. Semin Hematol 2003;40:213-220. (Pubitemid 36842599)
28. Loughran TP Jr, Coyle T, Sherman MP, et al. Detection of human T-cell leukemia/lymphoma virus, type II, in a patient with large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Blood 1992;80:1116-1119.
29. Oshimi K, Yamada O, Kaneko T, et al. Laboratory f ndings and clinical courses of 33 patients with granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders. Leukemia 1993;7:782-788. (Pubitemid 23210853)
30. Wong KF, Chan JC, Liu HS, Man C, Kwong YL. Chromosomal abnormalities in T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukaemia: report of two cases and review of the literature. Br J Haematol 2002;116: 598-600. (Pubitemid 34178659)
31. Parkman R. Human graft-versus-host disease. Immunodef c Rev 1991;2:253-264.
32. Saravanan V, Hamilton J. Advances in the treatment of rheumatoid arthritis: old versus new therapies. Expert Opin Pharmacother 2002;3:845-856. (Pubitemid 34752503)
33. Grof GD, Shenberger KN, Wilke WS, Taylor TH. Low dose oral methotrexate in rheumatoid arthritis: an uncontrolled trial and review of the literature. Semin Arthritis Rheum 1983;12:333-347. (Pubitemid 13036491)
34. Balint GP, Balint P V. Felty's syndrome. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol 2004;18:631-645. (Pubitemid 39555467)
35. Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM. T-cell regulation in rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol 2004;16:212-217. (Pubitemid 38530488)
36. Lamy T, Loughran TP Jr. Clinical features of large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Semin Hematol 2003;40:185-195. (Pubitemid 36842596)
37. Schweitzer BI, Dicker AP, Bertino JR. Dihydrofolate reductase as a therapeutic target. FASEB J 1990;4:2441-2452.
38. Tsukamoto T, Haile WH, McGuire JJ, Coward JK. Mechanism-based inhibition of human folylpolyglutamate synthetase: design, synthesis, and biochemical characterization of a phosphapeptide mimic of the tetrahedral intermediate. Arch Biochem Biophys 1998;355: 109-118. (Pubitemid 28371158)
39. Ranganathan P, Eisen S, Yokoyama WM, McLeod HL. Will pharmacogenetics allow better prediction of methotrexate toxicity and ef cacy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis 2003;62: 4-9. (Pubitemid 36005787)
40. Wernick R, Smith DL. Central nervous system toxicity associated with weekly low-dose methotrexate treatment. Arthritis Rheum 1989;32:770-775. (Pubitemid 19179257)
41. McKendry RJ, Dale P. Adverse effects of low dose methotrexate therapy in rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol 1993;20:1850-1856. (Pubitemid 24031586)
42. West SG. Methotrexate hepatotoxicity. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 1997;23:883-915. (Pubitemid 27490247)
43. Hooijberg JH, Broxterman HJ, Kool M, et al. Antifolate resistance mediated by the multidrug resistance proteins MRP1 and MRP2. Cancer Res 1999;59:2532-2535. (Pubitemid 29269093)
44. Lamy T, Drenou B, Fardel O, et al. Multidrug resistance analysis in lymphoproliferative disease of large granular lymphocytes. Br J Haematol 1998;100:509-515. (Pubitemid 28270486)
45. Battiwalla M, Melenhorst J, Saunthararajah Y, et al. HLA-DR4 predicts haematological response to cyclosporine in T-large granular lymphocyte lymphoproliferative disorders. Br J Haematol 2003;123:449-453. (Pubitemid 37363485)
46. Osuji N, Matutes E, Tjonnfjord G, et al. T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia: a report on the treatment of 29 patients and a review of the literature. Cancer 2006;107:570-578. (Pubitemid 44107218)
47. Sood R, Stewart CC, Aplan PD, et al. Neutropenia associated with T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukemia: long-term response to cyclosporine therapy despite persistence of abnormal cells. Blood 1998;91:3372-3378. (Pubitemid 28193889)
48. Sokol L, Loughran TP Jr. Large granular lymphocyte leukemia and natural killer cell leukemia/lymphomas. Curr Treat Options Oncol 2003;4:289-296.
49. Park TS, Cheong JW, Song J, Choi JR. T erapy-related myelodysplastic syndrome with der(17)t(12;17)(q13;p13) as a new recurrent cyto genetic abnormality after treatment for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Leuk Res 2009;33:1001-1004.
50. Shimodaira S, Ishida F, Kobayashi H, Mahbub B, Kawa-Ha K, Kitano K. The detection of clonal proliferation in granular lymphocyte-proliferative disorders of natural killer cell lineage. Br J Haematol 1995;90:578-584.
51. Zambello R, Semenzato G. Natural killer receptors in patients with lymphoproliferative diseases of granular lymphocytes. Semin Hematol 2003;40:201-212. (Pubitemid 36842598)
52. Kawa-Ha K, Ishihara S, Ninomiya T, et al. CD3-negative lympho-proliferative disease of granular lymphocytes containing Epstein-Barr viral DNA. J Clin Invest 1989;84:51-55. (Pubitemid 19171534)
53. Hart DN, Baker BW, Inglis MJ, et al. Epstein-Barr viral DNA in acute large granular lymphocyte (natural killer) leukemic cells. Blood 1992;79:2116-2123.
54. Okamura T, Kishimoto T, Inoue M, et al. Unrelated bone marrow transplantation for Epstein-Barr virus-associated T/NK-cell lymphoproliferative disease. Bone Marrow Transplant 2003;31:105-111. (Pubitemid 36240501)
55. Stromberg PC. Large granular lymphocyte leukemia in F344 rats. Model for human T gamma lymphoma, malignant histiocytosis, and T-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Am J Pathol 1985;119:517-519. (Pubitemid 15051901)
56. Stromberg PC, Vogtsberger LM, Marsh LR, Wilson FD. Pathology of the mononuclear cell leukemia of Fischer rats. II. Hematology. Vet Pathol 1983;20:709-717.
57. T omas J, Haseman JK, Goodman JI, Ward JM, Loughran TP Jr, Spencer PJ. A review of large granular lymphocytic leukemia in Fischer 344 rats as an initial step toward evaluating the implication of the endpoint to human cancer risk assessment. Toxicol Sci 2007;99:3-19. (Pubitemid 47250361)
58. Liu X, Ryland L, Yang J, et al. Targeting of survivin by nanoliposomal ceramide induces complete remission in a rat model of NK-LGL leukemia. Blood 2010;116:4192-4201.
59. Robertson MJ, Cochran KJ, Cameron C, Le JM, Tantravahi R, Ritz J. Characterization of a cell line, NKL, derived from an aggressive human natural killer cell leukemia. Exp Hematol 1996;24:406-415. (Pubitemid 26098857)
60. Tome M, Tschopp J. Regulation of lymphocyte proliferation and death by FLIP. Nat Rev Immunol 2001;1:50-58. (Pubitemid 33741975)
61. Zhang J, Xu X, Liu Y. Activation-induced cell death in T cells and autoimmunity. Cell Mol Immunol 2004;1:186-192.
62. Liu JH, Wei S, Lamy T, et al. Blockade of Fas-dependent apoptosis by soluble Fas in LGL leukemia. Blood 2002;100:1449-1453. (Pubitemid 34864304)
63. Shah MV, Zhang R, Irby R, et al. Molecular prof ling of LGL leukemia reveals role of sphingolipid signaling in survival of cytotoxic lymphocytes. Blood 2008;112:770-781.
64. Wymann M P, Schneiter R. Lipid signalling in disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol 2008;9:162-176. (Pubitemid 351158917)
65. Park JH, Schuchman EH. Acid ceramidase and human disease. Biochim Biophys Acta 2006;1758:2133-2138.
66. Kothapalli R, Kusmartseva I, Loughran TP. Characterization of a human sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor gene (S1P5) and its dif erential expression in LGL leukemia. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002;1579:117-123. (Pubitemid 35341433)
67. Niedernberg A, Blaukat A, Schoneberg T, Kostenis E. Regulated and constitutive activation of specif c signalling pathways by the human S1P5 receptor. Br J Pharmacol 2003;138:481-493. (Pubitemid 36269488)
68. Walzer T, Chiossone L, Chaix J, et al. Natural killer cell traf cking in vivo requires a dedicated sphingosine 1-phosphate receptor. Nat Immunol 2007;8:1337-1344. (Pubitemid 350131171)
69. Spiegel S, Cuvillier O, Edsall LC, et al. Sphingosine-1-phosphate in cell growth and cell death. Ann NY Acad Sci 1998;845:11-18. (Pubitemid 28365296)
70. Brinkmann V. Sphingosine 1-phosphate receptors in health and disease: mechanistic insights from gene deletion studies and reverse pharmacology. Pharmacol Ter 2007;115:84-105. (Pubitemid 46990553)
71. Jef ery DR, Markowitz CE, Reder AT, Weinstock-Guttman B, Tobias K. Fingolimod for the treatment of relapsing multiple sclerosis. Expert Rev Neurother 2011;11:165-183.
72. Brinkmann V, Billich A, Baumruker T, et al. Fingolimod (FTY720): discovery and development of an oral drug to treat multiple sclerosis. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2010;9:883-897.
73. Strelow A, Bernardo K, Adam-Klages S, et al. Overexpression of acid ceramidase protects from tumor necrosis factor-induced cell death. J Exp Med 2000;192:601-612.
74. Samsel L, Zaidel G, Drumgoole HM, et al. Te ceramide analog, B13, induces apoptosis in prostate cancer cell lines and inhibits tumor growth in prostate cancer xenografts. Prostate 2004;58:382-393. (Pubitemid 38295032)
75. Bleicher RJ, Cabot MC. Glucosylceramide synthase and apoptosis. Biochim Biophys Acta 2002;1585:172-178. (Pubitemid 36092082)
76. Liu Y, Xie KM, Yang GQ, et al. GCS induces multidrug resistance by regulating apoptosis-related genes in K562/AO2 cell line. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 2010;66:433-439.
77. Basu S, Kaufman B, Roseman S. Enzymatic synthesis of ceramide-glucose and ceramide-lactose by glycosyltransferases from embryonic chicken brain. J Biol Chem 1968;243:5802-5804.
78. Messner MC, Cabot MC. Glucosylceramide in humans. Adv Exp Med Biol 2010;688:156-164.
79. Spinedi A, Bartolomeo SD, Piacentini M. Apoptosis induced by N-hexanoylsphingosine in CHP-100 cells associates with accumulation of endogenous ceramide and is potentiated by inhibition of glucocerebroside synthesis. Cell Death Difer 1998;5:785-791. (Pubitemid 28439119)
80. Conway EM, Pollefeyt S, Steiner-Mosonyi M, et al. Def ciency of survivin in transgenic mice exacerbates Fas-induced apoptosis via mitochondrial pathways. Gastroenterology 2002;123:619-631. (Pubitemid 34827205)
81. Dohi T, Beltrami E, Wall NR, Plescia J, Altieri DC. Mitochondrial survivin inhibits apoptosis and promotes tumorigenesis. J Clin Invest 2004;114:1117-1127. (Pubitemid 39578701)
82. Fulda S, Debatin KM. Sensitization for tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand-induced apoptosis by the chemo-preventive agent resveratrol. Cancer Res 2004;64:337-346. (Pubitemid 38114116)
83. Kim YH, Lee DH, Jeong JH, Guo ZS, Lee YJ. Quercetin augments TRAIL-induced apoptotic death: involvement of the ERK signal transduction pathway. Biochem Pharmacol 2008;75:1946-1958.
84. Chang L, Karin M. Mammalian MAP kinase signalling cascades. Nature 2001;410:37-40. (Pubitemid 32225829)
85. Epling-Burnette PK, Bai F, Wei S, et al. ERK couples chronic survival of NK cells to constitutively activated Ras in lympho-proliferative disease of granular lymphocytes (LDGL). Oncogene 2004; 23:9220-9229. (Pubitemid 40069692)
86. Epling-Burnette PK, Sokol L, Chen X, et al. Clinical improvement by farnesyltransferase inhibition in NK large granular lymphocyte leukemia associated with imbalanced NK receptor signaling. Blood 2008;112:4694-4698.
87. Ferrajoli A, Faderl S, Ravandi F, Estrov Z. Te JAK-STAT pathway: a therapeutic target in hematological malignancies. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2006;6:671-679. (Pubitemid 44875961)
88. Levy DE, Inghirami G. STAT3: a multifaceted oncogene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2006;103:10151-10152. (Pubitemid 44051135)
89. Epling-Burnette PK, Liu JH, Catlett-Falcone R, et al. Inhibition of STAT3 signaling leads to apoptosis of leukemic large granular lymphocytes and decreased Mcl-1 expression. J Clin Invest 2001;107: 351-362.
90. Luo J, Manning BD, Cantley LC. Targeting the PI3K-Akt pathway in human cancer: rationale and promise. Cancer Cell 2003;4:257-262. (Pubitemid 37329790)
91. Jones RG, Elford AR, Parsons MJ, et al. CD28-dependent activation of protein kinase B/Akt blocks Fas-mediated apoptosis by preventing death-inducing signaling complex assembly. J Exp Med 2002;196: 335-348. (Pubitemid 34875663)
92. Schade AE, Powers JJ, Wlodarski MW, Maciejewski JP. Phosphatidylinositol- 3-phosphate kinase pathway activation protects leukemic large granular lymphocytes from undergoing homeostatic apoptosis. Blood 2006;107:4834-4840. (Pubitemid 43882635)
93. Heldin CH, Westermark B. Mechanism of action and in vivo role of platelet-derived growth factor. Physiol Rev 1999;79:1283-1316. (Pubitemid 29473317)
94. Yang J, Liu X, Nyland SB, et al. Platelet-derived growth factor mediates survival of leukemic large granular lymphocytes via an autocrine regulatory pathway. Blood 2010;115:51-60.
95. + granular lymphocytes. Cancer Res 1995;55:6140-6145.
96. Wlodarski MW, O'Keefe C, Howe EC, et al. Pathologic clonal cytotoxic T-cell responses: nonrandom nature of the T-cell-receptor restriction in large granular lymphocyte leukemia. Blood 2005;106:2769-2780. (Pubitemid 41510753)
97. Wlodarski MW, Nearman Z, Jankowska A, et al. Phenotypic dif erences between healthy effector CTL and leukemic LGL cells support the notion of antigen-triggered clonal transformation in T-LGL leukemia. J Leukoc Biol 2008;83:589-601. (Pubitemid 351966869)
98. Loughran TP Jr, Sherman MP, Ruscetti FW, et al. Prototypical HTLV-I/II infection is rare in LGL leukemia. Leuk Res 1994;18:423-429. (Pubitemid 24169824)
99. Loughran TP Jr, Hadlock KG, Perzova R, et al. Epitope mapping of HTLV envelope seroreactivity in LGL leukaemia. Br J Haematol 1998;101:318-324. (Pubitemid 28261120)
100. Nearman ZP, Wlodarski M, Jankowska AM, et al. Immunogenetic factors determining the evolution of T-cell large granular lymphocyte leukaemia and associated cytopenias. Br J Haematol 2007; 136:237-248. (Pubitemid 46020751)