Unpredictability and uncertainty in anxiety: A new direction for emotional timing research

Frontiers in Integrative Neuroscience

Volumn 5, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Lake, Jessica I ^a   LaBar, Kevin S ^a  

^a DUKE UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

AFFECT; AMYGDALOID NUCLEUS; ANTICIPATION; ANXIETY; ANXIETY DISORDER; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; AUDITORY STIMULATION; AVERSION; CONDITIONING; EMOTION; EXPERIENCE; FEAR; GENERALIZED ANXIETY DISORDER; HABITUATION; HUMAN; MOOD DISORDER; NONHUMAN; PROBABILITY; STARTLE REFLEX; STRESS; THEORY; THREAT; TIME; TIME PERCEPTION; TIMING UNCERTAINTY; UNPREDICTABILITY; VISUAL STIMULATION;

EID: 82255160790     PISSN: 16625145     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3389/fnint.2011.00055     Document Type: Article

References (60)

1. Allman, M. J., and Meck, W. H. (2011). Pathophysiological distortions in time perception and timed performance. Brain doi: 10.1093/brain/ awr210. (in press).
2. American Psychiatric Association (APA). (1994). DSM-IV: Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 4th Edn. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Press.
3. Angrilli, A., Cherubini, P., Pavese, A., and Manfredini, S. (1997). The infuence of affective factors on time perception. Percept. Psychophys. 59, 972-982.
4. Badia, P., Harsh, J., and Abbott, B. (1979). Choosing between predictable and unpredictable shock conditions: data and theory. Psychol. Bull. 86, 1107-1131.
5. Bankart, C. P., and Elliott, R. (1974). Heart rate and skin conductance in anticipation of shocks with varying probability of occurrence. Psychophysiology 11, 160-174.
6. Bar-Haim, Y., Kerem, A., Lamy, D., and Zakay, D. (2010). When time slows down: the infuence of threat on time perception in anxiety. Cogn. Emot. 24, 255-263.
7. Berlin, H. A., and Rolls, E. T. (2004). Time perception, impulsivity, emotionality, and personality in self-harming borderline personality disorder patients. J. Pers. Disord. 18, 358-378.
8. Brown, J. S., Kalish, H. I., and Farber, I. E. (1951). Conditioned fear as revealed by magnitude of startle response to an auditory stimulus. J. Exp. Psychol. 41, 317-328.
9. Buhusi, C. V., and Meck, W. H. (2005). What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing. Nat. Rev. Neurosci. 6, 755-765.
10. Campbell, L. A., and Bryant, R. A. (2007). How time fies: a study of novice skydivers. Behav. Res. Ther. 45, 1389-1392.
11. Coull, J. T., Cheng, R. K., and Meck, W. H. (2011). Neuroanatomical and neurochemical substrates of timing. Neuropsychopharmacology 36, 3-25.
12. Craig, A. D. (2009). Emotional moments across time: a possible neural basis for time perception in the anterior insula. Philos. Trans. R. Soc. Lond. B Biol. Sci. 364, 1933-1942.
13. Davis, M., Walker, D. L., Miles, L., and Grillon, C. (2010). Phasic vs sustained fear in rats and humans: role of the extended amygdala in fear vs anxiety. Neuropsychopharmacology 35, 105-135.
14. Droit-Volet, S., Brunot, S., and Niedenthal, P. (2004). Perception of the duration of emotional events. Cogn. Emot. 18, 849-858.
15. Droit-Volet, S., Fayolle, S. L., and Gil, S. (2011). Emotion and time perception: effects of film-induced mood. Front. Integr. Neurosci. 5:33. doi: 10.3389/ fnint.2011.00033
16. Droit-Volet, S., and Meck, W. H. (2007). How emotions colour our perception of time. Trends Cogn. Sci. (Regul. Ed.) 11, 504-513.
17. Droit-Volet, S., Mermillod, M., Cocenas-Silva, R., and Gil, S. (2010). Expectancy of a threatening event on time perception in human adults. Emotion 10, 908-914.
18. Dugas, M. J., Freeston, M. H., and Ladouceur, R. (1997). Intolerance of uncertainty and problem orientation in worry. Cogn. Ther. Res. 21, 593-606.
19. Epstein, S., and Roupenian, A. (1970). Heart rate and skin conductance during experimentally induced anxiety: the effect of uncertainty about receiving a noxious stimulus. J. Pers. Soc. Psychol. 16, 20-28.
20. Fonteyne, R., Vervliet, B., Hermans, D., Baeyens, F., and Vansteenwegen, D. (2010). Exposure to the context and removing the unpredictability of the US: two methods to reduce contextual anxiety compared. Biol. Psychol. 85, 361-369.
21. Gan, T., Wang, N., Zhang, Z., Li, H., and Luo, Y. (2009). Emotional infuences on time perception: evidence from event-related potentials. Neuroreport 20, 839-843.
22. Gliner, J. A. (1972). Predictable vs. unpredictable shock: preference behavior and stomach ulceration. Physiol. Behav. 9, 693-698.
23. Grillon, C., Baas, J. M. P., Cornwell, B., and Johnson, L. (2006). Context conditioning and behavioral avoidance in a v ir tual realit y env ironment: effect of predictability. Biol. Psychiatry 60, 752-759.
24. Grillon, C., Baas, J. P., Lissek, S., Smith, K., and Milstein, J. (2004). Anxious responses to predictable and unpredictable aversive events. Behav. Neurosci. 118, 916-924.
25. Grillon, C., Lissek, S., Rabin, S., McDowell, D., Dvir, S., and Pine, D. S. (2008). Increased anxiet y during antici -pation of unpredictable but not predictable aversive stimuli as a psychophysiologic marker of panic disorder. Am. J. Psychiatry 165, 898-904.
26. Grillon, C., Pine, D. S., Lissek, S., Rabin, S., Bonne, O., and Vythilingham, M. (2009). Increased anxiety during anticipation of unpredictable aversive stimuli in posttraumatic stress disorder but not in generalized anxiety disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 66, 47-53.
27. Grommet, E. K., Droit-Volet, S., Gil, S., Hemmes, N. S., Baker, A. H., and Brown, B. L. (2011). Time estimation of fear cues in human observers. Behav. Processes 86, 88-93.
28. Grupe, D. W., and Nitschke, J. B. (2011). Uncertainty is associated with biased expectancies and heightened responses to aversion. Emotion 11, 413-424.
29. Gu, B. M., Cheng, R. K., Yin, B., and Meck, W. H. (2011). Quinpirole-induced sensitization to noisy/sparse periodic input: temporal syhchronizat ion as a component of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Neuroscience 179, 143-150.
30. Hare, R. D. (1963). The estimation of short temporal intervals terminated by shock. J. Clin. Psychol. 19, 378-380.
31. Herry, C., Bach, D. R., Esposito, F., Di Salle, F., Perrig, W. J., Scheffer, K., Luthi, A., and Seifritz, E. (2007). Processing of temporal unpredictability in human and animal amygdala. J. Neurosci. 27, 5958-5966.
32. Hsu, M., Bhatt, M., Adolphs, R., Tranel, D., Camerer C. F. (2005). Neural systems responding to degrees of uncertainty in human decision-making. Science 310, 1680-1683.
33. Krain, A. L., Gotimer, K., Hefton, S., Ernst, M., Castellanos, X., Pine, D. S., and Milham, M. P. (2008). A functional magnetic resonance imaging investigation of uncertainty in adolescents with anxiety disorders. Biol. Psychiatry 63, 563-568.
34. LaBar, K. S., Gatenby, J. C., Gore, J. C., LeDoux, J. E., and Phelps, E. A. (1998). Human amygdala activation during conditioned fear acquisition and extinction: a mixed-trial fMRI study. Neuron 20, 937-945.
35. Lang, P. J., Davis, M., and Öhman, A. (2000). Fear and anxiety: animal models and human cognitive psycho-physiology. J. Affect. Disord. 61, 137-159.
36. Langer, J., Wapner, S., and Werner, H. (1961). The effect of danger upon the experience of time. Am. J. Psychol. 74, 94-97.
37. Loewenstein, G. F., Weber, E. U., Hsee, C. K., and Welch, N. (2001). Risk as feelings. Psychol. Bull. 127, 267-286.
38. Loftus, E. F., Schooler, J. W., Boone, S. M., Kline D. (1987). Time went by so slowly: overestimation of event duration by males and females. Appl. Cogn. Psychol. 1, 3-13.
39. Meck, W. H. (1996). Neuropharmacology of timing and time perception. Brain Res. Cogn. Brain Res. 3, 227-242.
40. Meck, W. H. (2005). Neuropsychology of timing and time perception. Brain Cogn. 58, 1-8.
41. Meck, W. H., and MacDonald, C. J. (2007). Amygdala inactivation reverses fear's ability to impair divided attention and make time stand still. Behav. Neurosci. 121, 707-720.
42. Meck, W. H., Penney, T. B., and Pouthas, V. (2008). Cortico-striatal representation of time in animals and humans. Curr. Opin. Neurobiol. 18, 145-152.
43. Melgire, M., Ragot, R., Samson, S., Penney, T. B., Meck, W. H., and Pouthas, V. (2005). Auditory/visual duration bisection in patients with left or right medial-temporal lobe resection. Brain Cogn. 58, 119-124.
44. Mella, N., Conty, L., and Pouthas, V. (2011). The role of physiological arousal in time perception: psycho-physiological evidence from an emotion regulation paradigm. Brain Cogn. 75, 182-187.
45. Nader, K., and Balleine, B. (2007). Ambiguity and anxiety: when a glass half full is empty. Nat. Neurosci. 10, 807-808.
46. Nelson, B. D., and Shankman, S. A. (2011). Does intolerance of uncertainty predict anticipatory startle responses to uncertain threat? Int. J. Psychophysiol. 81, 107-115.
47. Noulhaine, M., Mella, N., Samson, S., Ragot, R., and Pouthas, V. (2007). How emotional auditory stimuli modulate time perception. Emotion 7, 697-704.
48. Penney, T. B., Meck, W. H., Roberts, S. A., Gibbon, J., and Erlenmeyer-Kimling, L. (2005). Interval-timing defcits in individuals at high risk for schizophrenia. Brain Cogn. 58, 109-118.
49. Preuschoff, K., Quartz, S. R., and Bossaerts, P. (2008). Human insula activation refects risk prediction errors as well as risk. J. Neurosci. 28, 2745-2752.
50. Rosen, J. B., and Donley, M. P. (2006). Animal studies of amygdala function in fear and uncertainty: relevance to human research. Biol. Psychol. 73, 49-60.
51. Sarinopoulos, I., Grupe, D. W., Mackiewicz, K. L., Herrington, D., Lor, M., Steege, E. E., and Nitschke, J. B. (2010). Uncertainty during anticipation modulates neural responses to aversion in human insula and amygdala. Cereb. Cortex 20, 929-940.
52. Schirmer, A. (2011). How emotions change time. Front. Integr. Neurosci. (in press).
53. Shankman, S. A., Robison-Andrew, E. J., Nelson, B. D., Altman, S. E., and Campbell, M. L. (2011). Effects of predictability of shock timing and intensity on aversive responses. Int. J. Psychophysiol. 80, 112-118.
54. Tipples, J. (2008). Negative emotionality infuences the effects of emotion on time perception. Emotion 8, 127-131.
55. Tipples, J. (2011). When time stands still: fear-specifc modulation of temporal bias due to threat. Emotion 11, 74-80.
56. Tye, K. M., Prakash, R., Kim, S., Fenno, L. E., Grosenick, L., Zarabi, H., Thompson, K. R., Gradinaru, V., Ramakrishnan, C., and Deisseroth, K. (2011). Amygdala circuitry mediating reversible and bidirectional control of anxiety. Nature 471, 358-362.
57. Watts, F. N., and Sharrock, R. (1984). Fear and time estimation. Percept. Mot. Skills 59, 597-598.
58. Whalen, P. (1998). Fear, vigilance, and ambiguity: initial neuroimaging studies of the human amygdala. Curr. Dir. Psychol. Sci. 7, 177-188.
59. Zakay, D. (1990). "The evasive art of subjective time measurement: some methodological dilemmas," in Cognitive Models of Psychological Time, e d. R. A. B l o ck (Hillsdale, NJ: Lawrence Erlbaum), 59-84.
60. Zweifel, L. S., Fadok, J. P., Argilli, E., Garelick, M. G., Jones, G. L., Dickerson, T. M. K., Allen, J. M., Mizumori, S. J. Y., Bonci, A., and Palmiter, R. D. (2011). Activation of dopamine neurons is critical for aversive conditioning and prevention of generalized anxiety. Nat. Neurosci. 14, 620-628.