메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 17, Issue 32, 2011, Pages 3482-3493

L-Dopa prodrugs: An overview of trends for improving parkinson's disease treatment

Author keywords

Antiparkinson; Codrugs; Dopamine; L dopa; Parkinson's disease; Prodrugs

Indexed keywords

3 (3 HYDROXY 4 PIVALOYLOXYPHENYL)ALANINE; AMIDE; ESTER DERIVATIVE; LEVODOPA; LEVODOPA METHYL ESTER; PRODRUG;

EID: 82055208103     PISSN: 13816128     EISSN: 18734286     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.2174/138161211798194495     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (37)

References (83)
  • 1
    • 33644543761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease
    • Abou-Sleiman PM, Muqit, MMK, Wood NW. Expanding insights of mitochondrial dysfunction in Parkinson's disease. Nat Rev Neurosci 2006; 7: 207-19.
    • (2006) Nat Rev Neurosci , vol.7 , pp. 207-219
    • Abou-Sleiman, P.M.1    Muqit, M.M.K.2    Wood, N.W.3
  • 2
    • 0032798508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Protective and Symptomatic Strategies for Therapy of Parkinson's
    • Blandini F, Greenamyre JT. Protective and Symptomatic Strategies for Therapy of Parkinson's. Drugs Today 1999; 35: 473-83.
    • (1999) Drugs Today , vol.35 , pp. 473-483
    • Blandini, F.1    Greenamyre, J.T.2
  • 3
    • 0020694312 scopus 로고
    • Improved delivery through biological membranes. 13. Brain specific delivery of dopamine with a dihydropyridine- pyridinium salt type redox delivery system
    • Bodor N, Farag HH. Improved delivery through biological membranes. 13. Brain specific delivery of dopamine with a dihydropyridine- pyridinium salt type redox delivery system. J Med Chem 1983; 26: 528-34.
    • (1983) J Med Chem , vol.26 , pp. 528-534
    • Bodor, N.1    Farag, H.H.2
  • 4
    • 0033795553 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Enhancement of the Systemic and CNS Specific Delivery of L-Dopa by the Nasal Administration of Its Water. Soluble Prodrugs
    • Kao HD, Traboulsi A, Itoh S, Dittert L, Hussain A. Enhancement of the Systemic and CNS Specific Delivery of L-Dopa by the Nasal Administration of Its Water. Soluble Prodrugs. Pharmaceut Res 2000; 17: 978-84.
    • (2000) Pharmaceut Res , vol.17 , pp. 978-984
    • Kao, H.D.1    Traboulsi, A.2    Itoh, S.3    Dittert, L.4    Hussain, A.5
  • 5
    • 0001898787 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treatment of Central Nervous System Degenerative Disorders
    • Gilman AG, Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW, Ed. McGraw Hill, New York
    • Standaert D, Young A. Treatment of Central Nervous System Degenerative Disorders. In Gilman AG, Hardman JG, Limbird LE, Molinoff PB, Ruddon RW. The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics. Ed. McGraw Hill, New York 1996.
    • The Pharmacological Basis of Therapeutics , pp. 1996
    • Standaert, D.1    Young, A.2
  • 6
    • 0030989569 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Parkinson's disease: Prospects for improved drug therapy
    • Hagan JJ, Middlemiss DN, Sharpe PC, Poste, GH. Parkinson's disease: prospects for improved drug therapy. TIPS 1997; 18: 156-63.
    • (1997) TIPS , vol.18 , pp. 156-163
    • Hagan, J.J.1    Middlemiss, D.N.2    Sharpe, P.C.3    Poste, G.H.4
  • 7
    • 0019217086 scopus 로고
    • Dosage form design for improvement of bioavailability of levodopa III: Influence of dose on pharmacokinetic behaviour of levo-dopa administration in dogs and parkinsonian patients
    • Sasahara K, Nitanai T, Habara T, Morioka T, Nakajimai E. Dosage form design for improvement of bioavailability of levodopa III: Influence of dose on pharmacokinetic behaviour of levo-dopa administration in dogs and parkinsonian patients. J Pharm Sci 1980; 69: 1374-8.
    • (1980) J Pharm Sci , vol.69 , pp. 1374-1378
    • Sasahara, K.1    Nitanai, T.2    Habara, T.3    Morioka, T.4    Nakajimai, E.5
  • 8
    • 0022230744 scopus 로고
    • The Effect of carbidopa on the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered levodopa: The mechanism of action in the treatment of parkinsonism
    • Nutt JG, Woodward WR, Anderson JL. The Effect of carbidopa on the pharmacokinetics of intravenously administered levodopa: The mechanism of action in the treatment of parkinsonism. Annal Neurol 1986; 18: 537-43.
    • (1986) Annal Neurol , vol.18 , pp. 537-543
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Woodward, W.R.2    Anderson, J.L.3
  • 10
    • 0023404750 scopus 로고
    • Antiparkinsonian drugs
    • Cedarbaum JM. Antiparkinsonian drugs. Clin Pharmacokin 1987; 13: 141-78.
    • (1987) Clin Pharmacokin , vol.13 , pp. 141-178
    • Cedarbaum, J.M.1
  • 11
    • 0022443805 scopus 로고
    • Levodopa pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in fluctuating parkinsonian patients
    • Nutt JG, Woodward WR. Levodopa pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics in fluctuating parkinsonian patients. Neurology 1986; 36: 739-44.
    • (1986) Neurology , vol.36 , pp. 739-744
    • Nutt, J.G.1    Woodward, W.R.2
  • 12
    • 0021142576 scopus 로고
    • On-off fluctuations in parkinson's disease
    • Hardie R, Lees AJ, Stern GM. On-off fluctuations in parkinson's disease. Brain 1984; 107: 487-506.
    • (1984) Brain , vol.107 , pp. 487-506
    • Hardie, R.1    Lees, A.J.2    Stern, G.M.3
  • 13
    • 0021211101 scopus 로고
    • Control of on/off phenomenon by continuous intravenous infusion of levodopa
    • Quinn N, Parkes JD, Marsden CD. Control of on/off phenomenon by continuous intravenous infusion of levodopa. Neurology 1984; 34: 1131-6.
    • (1984) Neurology , vol.34 , pp. 1131-1136
    • Quinn, N.1    Parkes, J.D.2    Marsden, C.D.3
  • 14
    • 0019863875 scopus 로고
    • Dosage form design for improvement of bioavailability of levodopa IV: Possible causes of low bioavailability of oral levodopa in dogs
    • Sasahara K, Nitanai T, Habara T, Morioka T, Kawahara Y, Nakajima E. Dosage form design for improvement of bioavailability of levodopa IV: Possible causes of low bioavailability of oral levodopa in dogs. J Pharm Sci 1981; 70: 730-3.
    • (1981) J Pharm Sci , vol.70 , pp. 730-733
    • Sasahara, K.1    Nitanai, T.2    Habara, T.3    Morioka, T.4    Kawahara, Y.5    Nakajima, E.6
  • 15
    • 0023807258 scopus 로고
    • Treatment of chronic parkinson's disease with controlled-release carbidopa/ levodopa
    • Hutton JH, Morris JL, Gustavo CR. Treatment of chronic parkinson's disease with controlled-release carbidopa/ levodopa. Neurology 1988; 45: 861-4.
    • (1988) Neurology , vol.45 , pp. 861-864
    • Hutton, J.H.1    Morris, J.L.2    Gustavo, C.R.3
  • 16
    • 0017703270 scopus 로고
    • Improved delivery through biological membranes 4: Prodrugs of L-dopa
    • Bordor N, Sloan KB, Higuchi T, Sasahara K. Improved delivery through biological membranes 4: Prodrugs of L-dopa. J Med Chem 1977; 20: 1435-45.
    • (1977) J Med Chem , vol.20 , pp. 1435-1445
    • Bordor, N.1    Sloan, K.B.2    Higuchi, T.3    Sasahara, K.4
  • 17
    • 33947201622 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development and evaluation of new multiple-unit levodopa sustained-release floating dosage forms
    • Goole J, Vanderbist F, Amighi K. Development and evaluation of new multiple-unit levodopa sustained-release floating dosage forms. Int J Pharm 2007; 334: 35-41.
    • (2007) Int J Pharm , vol.334 , pp. 35-41
    • Goole, J.1    Vanderbist, F.2    Amighi, K.3
  • 19
    • 77953383270 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early Pharmacologic Treatment in Parkinson's Disease
    • Hauser RA. Early Pharmacologic Treatment in Parkinson's Disease. Am J Manag Care 2010; 16: S100-7.
    • (2010) Am J Manag Care , vol.16
    • Hauser, R.A.1
  • 20
    • 67649116292 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New drug delivery strategies for improved Parkinson's disease therapy
    • Di Stefano A, Sozio P, Iannitelli A, Cerasa SL. New drug delivery strategies for improved Parkinson's disease therapy. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2009; 6(4): 389-404.
    • (2009) Expert Opin Drug Deliv , vol.6 , Issue.4 , pp. 389-404
    • Di Stefano, A.1    Sozio, P.2    Iannitelli, A.3    Cerasa, S.L.4
  • 21
    • 0000428532 scopus 로고
    • 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan as reserpine antagonists
    • Carlsson A, Lindqvist M, Magnusson T. 3,4-Dihydroxyphenylalanine and 5-hydroxytryptophan as reserpine antagonists. Nature 1957; 180(1200): 33.
    • (1957) Nature , vol.180 , Issue.1200 , pp. 33
    • Carlsson, A.1    Lindqvist, M.2    Magnusson, T.3
  • 22
    • 73049129373 scopus 로고
    • The L-3,4-dioxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-effect in Parkinson-akinesia
    • Birkmayer W, Hornykiewicz O. The L-3,4-dioxyphenylalanine (DOPA)-effect in Parkinson-akinesia. Wien Klin Wochenschr 1961; 10: 787-8.
    • (1961) Wien Klin Wochenschr , vol.10 , pp. 787-788
    • Birkmayer, W.1    Hornykiewicz, O.2
  • 23
    • 70649115523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Current and future therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease
    • Outeiro TF, Ferreira J. Current and future therapeutic strategies for Parkinson's disease. Curr Pharm Des 2009; 15(34): 3968-76.
    • (2009) Curr Pharm Des , vol.15 , Issue.34 , pp. 3968-3976
    • Outeiro, T.F.1    Ferreira, J.2
  • 26
    • 0021340573 scopus 로고
    • L-Dopa methyl ester-a candidate for chronic systemic delivery of L-Dopa in Parkinson's disease
    • Cooper DR, Marrel C, Van De Waterbeemd H, et al. L-Dopa methyl ester-a candidate for chronic systemic delivery of L-Dopa in Parkinson's disease. Clin Neuropharmacol 1984; 89-98.
    • (1984) Clin Neuropharmacol , pp. 89-98
    • Cooper, D.R.1    Marrel, C.2    van de Waterbeemd, H.3
  • 27
    • 85012490929 scopus 로고
    • A lymphotropic prodrug of L-dopa: Synthesis, pharmacological properties, and pharmacokinetic behavior of 1,3-dihexadecanoyl-2-[(S)-2- amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoyl] propane-1,2,3-triol
    • Garzon-Aburbeh A, Poupaert JH, Claesen M, Dumont P. A lymphotropic prodrug of L-dopa: synthesis, pharmacological properties, and pharmacokinetic behavior of 1,3-dihexadecanoyl-2-[(S)-2- amino-3-(3,4-dihydroxyphenyl)propanoyl] propane-1,2,3-triol. J Med Chem 1986; 29: 687-91.
    • (1986) J Med Chem , vol.29 , pp. 687-691
    • Garzon-Aburbeh, A.1    Poupaert, J.H.2    Claesen, M.3    Dumont, P.4
  • 28
    • 0023582840 scopus 로고
    • L-dopa esters as potential prodrugs: Effect on brain concentration of dopamine metabolites in reserpinized mice
    • Cooper DR, Marrel, C, Van De Waterbeemd H, Testa B, Jenner P, Marsden CD. L-dopa esters as potential prodrugs: effect on brain concentration of dopamine metabolites in reserpinized mice. J Pharm Pharmacol 1987; 39: 809-18.
    • (1987) J Pharm Pharmacol , vol.39 , pp. 809-818
    • Cooper, D.R.1    Marrel, C.2    van de Waterbeemd, H.3    Testa, B.4    Jenner, P.5    Marsden, C.D.6
  • 30
    • 0024956728 scopus 로고
    • New potential prodrug to improve the duration of L-dopa: L-3-(3-hydroxy-4- pivaloyloxyphenyl)alanine
    • Ihara M, Tsuchiya Y, Sawasaki Y, et al. New potential prodrug to improve the duration of L-dopa: L-3-(3-hydroxy-4- pivaloyloxyphenyl)alanine. J Pharm Sci 1989; 78: 525-9.
    • (1989) J Pharm Sci , vol.78 , pp. 525-529
    • Ihara, M.1    Tsuchiya, Y.2    Sawasaki, Y.3
  • 31
    • 0025063162 scopus 로고
    • Hydrolysis and acyl migration of a catechol monoester of L-dopa: L-3-(3-hydroxy-4- pivaloyloxyphenyl)alanine
    • Ihara M, Nakajima S, Hisaka A, et al. Hydrolysis and acyl migration of a catechol monoester of L-dopa: L-3-(3-hydroxy-4- pivaloyloxyphenyl)alanine. J Pharm Sci 1990; 79: 703-8.
    • (1990) J Pharm Sci , vol.79 , pp. 703-708
    • Ihara, M.1    Nakajima, S.2    Hisaka, A.3
  • 32
    • 0028835703 scopus 로고
    • Drug delivery to the brain. DOPA prodrugs based on a ring-closure reaction to quaternary thiazolium compounds
    • Ishikura T, Senou T, Ishihara H, Kato T, Ito T. Drug delivery to the brain. DOPA prodrugs based on a ring-closure reaction to quaternary thiazolium compounds. Int J Pharm 1995; 116: 51-63.
    • (1995) Int J Pharm , vol.116 , pp. 51-63
    • Ishikura, T.1    Senou, T.2    Ishihara, H.3    Kato, T.4    Ito, T.5
  • 33
    • 33750080477 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble and photostable L-DOPA dendrimers
    • Tang S, Martinez LJ, Sharma MA, Chai M. Synthesis and characterization of water-soluble and photostable L-DOPA dendrimers. Org Lett 2006; 8: 4421-4.
    • (2006) Org Lett , vol.8 , pp. 4421-4424
    • Tang, S.1    Martinez, L.J.2    Sharma, M.A.3    Chai, M.4
  • 35
    • 82055192749 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Jul, Bar-Ilan University, Biolinerx Ltd. Novel conjugates for treating neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. World Intellectual Property Organization
    • Stein G, Nudelman A, Rephaeli A, Gil-Ad I, Weizman A, Inventors; Ramot At Tel Aviv University Ltd, Bar-Ilan University, Biolinerx Ltd. Novel conjugates for treating neurodegenerative diseases and disorders. World Intellectual Property Organization 2009 Aug.
    • (2009) Inventors; Ramot at Tel Aviv University Ltd
    • Stein, G.1    Nudelman, A.2    Rephaeli, A.3    Gil-Ad, I.4    Weizman, A.5
  • 36
    • 82055206088 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Inventor; Proximagen Ltd
    • World Intellectual Property Organization WO2009/022098A1, Aug, Feb
    • Hobbs C, Inventor; Proximagen Ltd. Amino Acid Derivatives. World Intellectual Property Organization WO2009/022098A1. 2009 Feb.
    • (2009) Amino Acid Derivatives
    • Hobbs, C.1
  • 37
    • 34249895912 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Novel L-Dopa and Dopamine Prodrugs Containing a 2-Phenyl imidazopyridine Moiety
    • Denora N, Laquintana V, Lopedota A, et al. Novel L-Dopa and Dopamine Prodrugs Containing a 2-Phenyl imidazopyridine Moiety. Pharm Res 2007; 24(7): 1309-24.
    • (2007) Pharm Res , vol.24 , Issue.7 , pp. 1309-1324
    • Denora, N.1    Laquintana, V.2    Lopedota, A.3
  • 39
    • 77955557474 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of L-dopa amide derivatives as potential prodrugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease
    • Zhou T, Hider RC, Jenner P, et al. Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of L-dopa amide derivatives as potential prodrugs for the treatment of Parkinson's disease. Eur J Med Chem 2010; 45: 4035-42.
    • (2010) Eur J Med Chem , vol.45 , pp. 4035-4042
    • Zhou, T.1    Hider, R.C.2    Jenner, P.3
  • 40
    • 77954864483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simultaneous determination of l-dopa and its prodrug (S)-4-(2-acetamido-3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)-1,2- phenylene diacetate in rat plasma by high-performance liquidchromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a pharmacokinetic study
    • Jiang W, Lv L, Zhou S, et al. Simultaneous determination of l-dopa and its prodrug (S)-4-(2-acetamido-3-ethoxy-3-oxopropyl)-1,2- phenylene diacetate in rat plasma by high-performance liquidchromatography-tandem mass spectrometry and its application in a pharmacokinetic study. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53: 751-4.
    • (2010) J Pharm Biomed Anal , vol.53 , pp. 751-754
    • Jiang, W.1    Lv, L.2    Zhou, S.3
  • 41
    • 82055206080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • inventor; Yissum research development company of the Hebrew university of Jerusalem, assignee
    • World intellectual property organization WO 2004/069146, Aug
    • Atlas D, inventor; Yissum research development company of the Hebrew university of Jerusalem, assignee. L-Dopa Amide derivatives and uses thereof. World intellectual property organization WO 2004/069146. 2004 Aug.
    • (2004) L-Dopa Amide Derivatives and Uses Thereof
    • Atlas, D.1
  • 43
    • 0015951862 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and antireserpine activity of peptides of L-Dopa
    • Felix AM, Winter DP, Wang SS, et al. Synthesis and antireserpine activity of peptides of L-Dopa. J Med Chem 1974; 17: 422-6.
    • (1974) J Med Chem , vol.17 , pp. 422-426
    • Felix, A.M.1    Winter, D.P.2    Wang, S.S.3
  • 44
    • 0015591983 scopus 로고
    • Correlation between brain dopamine levels and 1-dopa activity in anti-Parkinson tests
    • Horst WD, Pool WR, Spiegel HE. Correlation between brain dopamine levels and 1-dopa activity in anti-Parkinson tests. Eur J Pharmacol 1973; 21(3): 337-42.
    • (1973) Eur J Pharmacol , vol.21 , Issue.3 , pp. 337-342
    • Horst, W.D.1    Pool, W.R.2    Spiegel, H.E.3
  • 45
    • 0028805325 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and Pharmacological activities of a novel tripeptide mimetic dopamine prodrug
    • Wang H, Lee J, Tsai M, Lu H, Hsu W. Synthesis and Pharmacological activities of a novel tripeptide mimetic dopamine prodrug. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 1995; 5: 2195-8.
    • (1995) Bioorg Med Chem Lett , vol.5 , pp. 2195-2198
    • Wang, H.1    Lee, J.2    Tsai, M.3    Lu, H.4    Hsu, W.5
  • 46
    • 0029055692 scopus 로고
    • pGlu-L-Dopa-Pro: A tripeptide prodrug targeting the intestinal peptide transporter for absorption and tissue enzymes for conversion
    • Bai JPF. pGlu-L-Dopa-Pro: a tripeptide prodrug targeting the intestinal peptide transporter for absorption and tissue enzymes for conversion. Pharm Res 1995; 12: 1101-4.
    • (1995) Pharm Res , vol.12 , pp. 1101-1104
    • Bai, J.P.F.1
  • 47
    • 0026579888 scopus 로고
    • Utilization of peptide carrier system to improve intestinal absorption: Targeting prolidase as a prodrug-converting enzyme
    • Bai JPF, Hu M, Subramanian P, Mosberg HI, Amidon GL. Utilization of peptide carrier system to improve intestinal absorption: targeting prolidase as a prodrug-converting enzyme. J Pharm Sci 1992; 81: 113-6.
    • (1992) J Pharm Sci , vol.81 , pp. 113-116
    • Bai, J.P.F.1    Hu, M.2    Subramanian, P.3    Mosberg, H.I.4    Amidon, G.L.5
  • 48
    • 0028233389 scopus 로고
    • Glycopeptide enkephalin analogues produce analgesia in mice: Evidence for penetration of the blood brain barrier
    • Polt R, Porreca F, Szabò LZ, Bilsky EJ. Glycopeptide enkephalin analogues produce analgesia in mice: evidence for penetration of the blood brain barrier. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 1994; 91: 7114-8.
    • (1994) Proc Natl Acad Sci USA , vol.91 , pp. 7114-7118
    • Polt, R.1    Porreca, F.2    Szabò, L.Z.3    Bilsky, E.J.4
  • 49
    • 0019462970 scopus 로고
    • Ribosides et dérivés de la Lméthyl dopa et de la L-dopa
    • Chavis C, Grodenic F, Imbach JL. Ribosides et dérivés de la Lméthyl dopa et de la L-dopa. Eur J Med Chem-Chim Ther 1981; 16: 219-27.
    • (1981) Eur J Med Chem-Chim Ther , vol.16 , pp. 219-227
    • Chavis, C.1    Grodenic, F.2    Imbach, J.L.3
  • 50
    • 0037732576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Glycosyl derivatives of dopamine and L-dopa as anti-Parkinson prodrugs: Synthesis, pharmacological activity and in vitro stability studies
    • Bonina F, Puglia C, Rimoli MG, et al. Glycosyl derivatives of dopamine and L-dopa as anti-Parkinson prodrugs: synthesis, pharmacological activity and in vitro stability studies. J Drug Target 2003; 11(1): 25-36.
    • (2003) J Drug Target , vol.11 , Issue.1 , pp. 25-36
    • Bonina, F.1    Puglia, C.2    Rimoli, M.G.3
  • 51
    • 70350492533 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of dopamine and LDOPA-α-glycosides by reaction with cyclomaltohexaose catalyzed by cyclomaltodextrin glucanyltransferase
    • Yoon S, Fulton DB, Robyt JF. Synthesis of dopamine and LDOPA-α-glycosides by reaction with cyclomaltohexaose catalyzed by cyclomaltodextrin glucanyltransferase. Carbohydr Res 2009; 344: 2349-56.
    • (2009) Carbohydr Res , vol.344 , pp. 2349-2356
    • Yoon, S.1    Fulton, D.B.2    Robyt, J.F.3
  • 52
    • 0028135580 scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of symmetrical pseudopeptides as potential inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease
    • Langlois M, Quintard D, Abalain C. Synthesis of symmetrical pseudopeptides as potential inhibitors of the human immunodeficiency virus-1 protease. Eur J Med Chem 1994; 29: 639-47.
    • (1994) Eur J Med Chem , vol.29 , pp. 639-647
    • Langlois, M.1    Quintard, D.2    Abalain, C.3
  • 53
    • 0030026323 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cardiovascular hybrid drugs: Combination of more than one pharmacological property in one single molecule
    • Christiaans JAM, Timmerman H. Cardiovascular hybrid drugs: combination of more than one pharmacological property in one single molecule. Eur J Pharm Sci 1996; 4: 1-22.
    • (1996) Eur J Pharm Sci , vol.4 , pp. 1-22
    • Christiaans, J.A.M.1    Timmerman, H.2
  • 54
    • 0032446580 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Metronidazole twin ester prodrugs: Synthesis, physicichemical properties, hydrolysis kinetics and antigiardial activity
    • Mahfouz NM, Aboul-Fadl T, Diab AK. Metronidazole twin ester prodrugs: synthesis, physicichemical properties, hydrolysis kinetics and antigiardial activity. Eur J Med Chem 1998; 33: 675-83.
    • (1998) Eur J Med Chem , vol.33 , pp. 675-683
    • Mahfouz, N.M.1    Aboul-Fadl, T.2    Diab, A.K.3
  • 55
    • 0026684129 scopus 로고
    • Pro-drugs of isoniazid: Synthesis and diffusion characteristics of acyl derivatives
    • Giannola LI, Giammona G, Alotta R. Pro-drugs of isoniazid: synthesis and diffusion characteristics of acyl derivatives. Pharmazie 1992; 47: 423-5.
    • (1992) Pharmazie , vol.47 , pp. 423-425
    • Giannola, L.I.1    Giammona, G.2    Alotta, R.3
  • 56
    • 33947693161 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • BiscycloSal- d4T-monophosphates: Drugs that deliver two molecules of bioactive nucleotides
    • Ducho C, Görbig U, Jessel S, Gisch N, Balzarini J, Meier C. BiscycloSal- d4T-monophosphates: drugs that deliver two molecules of bioactive nucleotides. J Med Chem 2007; 50: 1335-46.
    • (2007) J Med Chem , vol.50 , pp. 1335-1346
    • Ducho, C.1    Görbig, U.2    Jessel, S.3    Gisch, N.4    Balzarini, J.5    Meier, C.6
  • 57
    • 11144313645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Detection of levodopa, dopamine and its metabolites in rat striatum dialysates following peripheral administration of l-DOPA prodrugs by mean of HPLC-EC
    • Cannazza G, Di Stefano A, Mosciatti B, et al. Detection of levodopa, dopamine and its metabolites in rat striatum dialysates following peripheral administration of l-DOPA prodrugs by mean of HPLC-EC. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2005; 36: 1079-84.
    • (2005) J Pharm Biomed Anal , vol.36 , pp. 1079-1084
    • Cannazza, G.1    Di Stefano, A.2    Mosciatti, B.3
  • 58
    • 4544352872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of rat striatal ldopa and DA concentration after intraperitoneal administration of ldopa prodrugs in liposomal formulations
    • Di Stefano A, Carafa M, Sozio P, et al. Evaluation of rat striatal ldopa and DA concentration after intraperitoneal administration of ldopa prodrugs in liposomal formulations. J Control Release 2004; 99: 293-300.
    • (2004) J Control Release , vol.99 , pp. 293-300
    • Di Stefano, A.1    Carafa, M.2    Sozio, P.3
  • 59
    • 33750802483 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maleic- and fumaric-diamides of (O,O-diacetyl)-LDopa- methylester as anti-Parkinson prodrugs in liposomal formulation
    • Di Stefano A, Sozio P, Iannitelli A, Marianecci C, Santucci E, Carafa M. Maleic- and fumaric-diamides of (O,O-diacetyl)-LDopa- methylester as anti-Parkinson prodrugs in liposomal formulation. J Drug Target 2006; 14: 652-61.
    • (2006) J Drug Target , vol.14 , pp. 652-661
    • Di Stefano, A.1    Sozio, P.2    Iannitelli, A.3    Marianecci, C.4    Santucci, E.5    Carafa, M.6
  • 60
    • 33745045727 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of a Dopamimetic Thionated Dipeptide Prodrug of L-DOPA
    • Wang Y, Liu ZZ, Chem SZ. Synthesis of a Dopamimetic Thionated Dipeptide Prodrug of L-DOPA. Chin Chem Lett 2005; 16: 713-5.
    • (2005) Chin Chem Lett , vol.16 , pp. 713-715
    • Wang, Y.1    Liu, Z.Z.2    Chem, S.Z.3
  • 62
    • 77249113697 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Design, synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of new imidazolinones as L-DOPA prodrugs
    • Giorgioni G, Claudi F, Ruggieri S, et al. Design, synthesis and preliminary pharmacological evaluation of new imidazolinones as L-DOPA prodrugs. Bioorg Med Chem 2010; 18: 1834-43.
    • (2010) Bioorg Med Chem , vol.18 , pp. 1834-1843
    • Giorgioni, G.1    Claudi, F.2    Ruggieri, S.3
  • 63
    • 0025949443 scopus 로고
    • Prodrugs of peptides. 15. 4- Imidazolidinone prodrug derivatives of enkephalins to prevent aminopeptidase-catalyzed metabolism in plasma and absorptive mucosae
    • Rasmussen GJ, Bundgaard H. Prodrugs of peptides. 15. 4- Imidazolidinone prodrug derivatives of enkephalins to prevent aminopeptidase-catalyzed metabolism in plasma and absorptive mucosae. Int J Pharm 1991; 76: 113-22.
    • (1991) Int J Pharm , vol.76 , pp. 113-122
    • Rasmussen, G.J.1    Bundgaard, H.2
  • 64
    • 0031450531 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and Reactivity of 5- Fluorouracil/Cytarabine Mutual Prodrugs
    • Menger FM, Rourk MJ. Synthesis and Reactivity of 5- Fluorouracil/Cytarabine Mutual Prodrugs. J Org Chem 1997; 62: 9083-8.
    • (1997) J Org Chem , vol.62 , pp. 9083-9088
    • Menger, F.M.1    Rourk, M.J.2
  • 65
    • 39149091398 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multi-target-Directed Ligands To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases
    • Cavalli A, Bolognesi ML, Minarini A, et al. Multi-target-Directed Ligands To Combat Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Med Chem 2008; 51(3): 347-72.
    • (2008) J Med Chem , vol.51 , Issue.3 , pp. 347-372
    • Cavalli, A.1    Bolognesi, M.L.2    Minarini, A.3
  • 66
    • 0028272519 scopus 로고
    • Mutual prodrugs: A recent trend in prodrug design
    • Singh G, Sharma PD. Mutual prodrugs: a recent trend in prodrug design. Indian J Pharm Sci 1994; 56: 69-79.
    • (1994) Indian J Pharm Sci , vol.56 , pp. 69-79
    • Singh, G.1    Sharma, P.D.2
  • 67
    • 0034595852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and in vitro/ in vivo evaluation of novel oral N-alkyl and N,N-dialkylcarbamate esters of entacapone
    • Savolainen J, Leppänen J, Forsberg M, et al. Synthesis and in vitro/ in vivo evaluation of novel oral N-alkyl and N,N-dialkylcarbamate esters of entacapone Life Sci 2000; 67: 205.
    • (2000) Life Sci , vol.67 , pp. 205
    • Savolainen, J.1    Leppänen, J.2    Forsberg, M.3
  • 70
    • 0035003439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Chemistry and Biochemistry of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disease
    • Sayre LM, Smith MA, Perry G. Chemistry and Biochemistry of Oxidative Stress in Neurodegenerative Disease. Curr Med Chem 2001; 8: 721-8.
    • (2001) Curr Med Chem , vol.8 , pp. 721-728
    • Sayre, L.M.1    Smith, M.A.2    Perry, G.3
  • 71
    • 0038159674 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dopamine- or L-DOPAinduced neurotoxicity: The role of dopamine quinone formation and tyrosinase in a model of Parkinson's disease
    • Asanuma M, Miyazaki I, Ogawa N. Dopamine- or L-DOPAinduced neurotoxicity: the role of dopamine quinone formation and tyrosinase in a model of Parkinson's disease. Neurotox Res 2003; 5: 165-76.
    • (2003) Neurotox Res , vol.5 , pp. 165-176
    • Asanuma, M.1    Miyazaki, I.2    Ogawa, N.3
  • 72
    • 84887212418 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-DOPA Neurotoxicity is mediated by up regulation of DMT12IRE expression
    • Du F, Qian ZM, Zhu L, et al. L-DOPA Neurotoxicity is mediated by up regulation of DMT12IRE expression. PLoS ONE 2009; 4: e4593.
    • (2009) PLoS ONE , vol.e4593 , pp. 4
    • Du, F.1    Qian, Z.M.2    Zhu, L.3
  • 73
    • 12344328416 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Rational Approach to discover multipotent anti-Alzheimer drugs
    • Rosini M, Andrisano V, Bartolini M, et al. Rational Approach to discover multipotent anti-Alzheimer drugs. J Med Chem 2005; 48: 360-3.
    • (2005) J Med Chem , vol.48 , pp. 360-363
    • Rosini, M.1    Andrisano, V.2    Bartolini, M.3
  • 74
    • 0036778280 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pretreatment with R-Lipoic acid alleviates the effects of GSH depletion in PC12 cells: Implications for Parkinson's disease therapy
    • Bharath S, Cochran BC, Hsu M, Ames BN, Andersen JK. Pretreatment with R-Lipoic acid alleviates the effects of GSH depletion in PC12 cells: implications for Parkinson's disease therapy. Neurotoxicology 2002; 23: 479-86.
    • (2002) Neurotoxicology , vol.23 , pp. 479-486
    • Bharath, S.1    Cochran, B.C.2    Hsu, M.3    Ames, B.N.4    Andersen, J.K.5
  • 75
    • 33144480459 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • L-Dopa and DA/(R)-α- lipoic acid conjugates as multifunctional codrugs with antioxidant properties
    • Di Stefano A, Sozio P, Cocco A, et al. L-Dopa and DA/(R)-α- lipoic acid conjugates as multifunctional codrugs with antioxidant properties. J Med Chem 2006; 49: 1486-93.
    • (2006) J Med Chem , vol.49 , pp. 1486-1493
    • Di Stefano, A.1    Sozio, P.2    Cocco, A.3
  • 76
    • 0042303940 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis of lipophilic clovamide derivatives and their antioxidative potential against lipid peroxidation
    • Ley JP, Bertram HJ. Synthesis of lipophilic clovamide derivatives and their antioxidative potential against lipid peroxidation. J Agric Food Chem 2003; 51(16): 4596-602.
    • (2003) J Agric Food Chem , vol.51 , Issue.16 , pp. 4596-4602
    • Ley, J.P.1    Bertram, H.J.2
  • 77
    • 52449092612 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New L-Dopa Codrugs as Potential Antiparkinson Agents
    • Sozio P, Iannitelli A, Cerasa LS, et al. New L-Dopa Codrugs as Potential Antiparkinson Agents. Arch Pharm Chem Life Sc 2008; 341: 412-7.
    • (2008) Arch Pharm Chem Life Sc , vol.341 , pp. 412-417
    • Sozio, P.1    Iannitelli, A.2    Cerasa, L.S.3
  • 78
    • 0028170326 scopus 로고
    • Importance of Seglutathione peroxidase, catalase, and Cu/Zn-SOD for cell survival against oxidative stress
    • Michiels C, Raes M, Toussaint O, Remacle J. Importance of Seglutathione peroxidase, catalase, and Cu/Zn-SOD for cell survival against oxidative stress. Free Radic Biol Med 1994; 17(3): 235-48.
    • (1994) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.17 , Issue.3 , pp. 235-248
    • Michiels, C.1    Raes, M.2    Toussaint, O.3    Remacle, J.4
  • 79
    • 34248999408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Synthesis and Study of L-Dopa-Glutathione Codrugs as New Anti-Parkinson Agents with Free Radical Scavenging Properties
    • Pinnen F, Cacciatore I, Cornacchia C. et al. Synthesis and Study of L-Dopa-Glutathione Codrugs as New Anti-Parkinson Agents with Free Radical Scavenging Properties. J Med Chem 2007; 50: 2506-15.
    • (2007) J Med Chem , vol.50 , pp. 2506-2515
    • Pinnen, F.1    Cacciatore, I.2    Cornacchia, C.3
  • 80
    • 34547471148 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sulfur radical cation-peptide bond complex in the one-electron oxidation of S-methylglutathione
    • Bobrowski K, Hug GL, Pogocki D, Marciniak B, Schöneich C. Sulfur radical cation-peptide bond complex in the one-electron oxidation of S-methylglutathione. J Am Chem Soc 2007; 129: 9236-45.
    • (2007) J Am Chem Soc , vol.129 , pp. 9236-9245
    • Bobrowski, K.1    Hug, G.L.2    Pogocki, D.3    Marciniak, B.4    Schöneich, C.5
  • 81
    • 84860243286 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CNS delivery of LDopa by a new Hybrid Glutathione-Methionine peptidomimetic prodrug
    • DOI 10.1007/s00726-010-0804-z
    • Pinnen F, Cacciatore I, Cornacchia C, et al. CNS delivery of LDopa by a new Hybrid Glutathione-Methionine peptidomimetic prodrug. Amino Acid DOI 10.1007/s00726-010-0804-z.
    • Amino Acid
    • Pinnen, F.1    Cacciatore, I.2    Cornacchia, C.3
  • 82
    • 60549115096 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Codrugs Linking LDopa and Sulfur-Containing Antioxidants: New Pharmacological Tools against Parkinson's Disease
    • Pinnen F, Cacciatore I, Cornacchia C, et al. Codrugs Linking LDopa and Sulfur-Containing Antioxidants: New Pharmacological Tools against Parkinson's Disease. J Med Chem 2009; 52: 559-63.
    • (2009) J Med Chem , vol.52 , pp. 559-563
    • Pinnen, F.1    Cacciatore, I.2    Cornacchia, C.3
  • 83
    • 77953026478 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • N-Acetyl-L-Methionyl-LDopa- Methyl Ester as a dual acting drug that relieves L-Dopainduced oxidative toxicity
    • Minelli A, Conte C, Prudenzi E, et al. N-Acetyl-L-Methionyl-LDopa- Methyl Ester as a dual acting drug that relieves L-Dopainduced oxidative toxicity. Free Radic Biol Med 2010; 49: 31-9.
    • (2010) Free Radic Biol Med , vol.49 , pp. 31-39
    • Minelli, A.1    Conte, C.2    Prudenzi, E.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.