Genetic introgression: An integral but neglected component of speciation in birds

Auk

Volumn 128, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 620-632

  Rheindt, Frank E ^a   Edwards, Scott V ^a  

^a HARVARD UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

BIRD; INTROGRESSION; POPULATION GENETICS; SPECIATION (BIOLOGY);

AVES;

EID: 81855228978     PISSN: 00048038     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1525/auk.2011.128.4.620     Document Type: Review

References (145)

1. Alström, P., U. Olsson, F. Lei, H. Wang, W. Gao, and P. Sundberg. 2008. Phylogeny and classification of the Old World Emberizini (Aves, Passeriformes). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47:960-973.
2. Anderson, E. 1949. Introgressive Hybridization. Wiley, New York.
3. Anderson, T. M., B. M. vonHoldt, S. I. Candille, M. Musiani, C. Greco, D. R. Stahler, D. W. Smith, B. Padhukasahasram, E. Randi, J. A. Leonard, and others. 2009. Molecular and evolutionary history of melanism in North American gray wolves. Science 323:1339-1343.
4. Arnold, M. L., M. R. Bulger, J. M. Burke, A. L. Hempel, and J. H. Williams. 1999. Natural hybridization: How low can you go (and still be important)? Ecology 80:371-381. (Pubitemid 29126113)
5. Backström, N., J. Lindell, Y. Zhang, E. Palkopoulou, A. Qvarnström, G.-P. Sætre, and H. Ellegren. 2010a. A highdensity scan of the Z chromosome in Ficedula flycatchers reveals candidate loci for diversifying selection. Evolution 64:3461-3475.
6. Backström, N., E. Palkopoulou, A. Qvarnström, and H. Ellegren. 2010b. No evidence for Z-chromosome rearrangements between the Pied Flycatcher and the Collared Flycatcher as judged by gene-based comparative genetic maps. Molecular Ecology 19:3394-3405.
7. Ballard, J. W. O., and M. C. Whitlock. 2004. The incomplete natural history of mitochondria. Molecular Ecology 13:729-744. (Pubitemid 38390584)
8. Bazin, E., S. Glémin, and N. Galtier. 2006. Population size does not influence mitochondrial genetic diversity in animals. Science 312:570-572.
9. Bellemain, E., E. Bermingham, and R. E. Ricklefs. 2008. The dynamic evolutionary history of the Bananaquit (Coereba flaveola) in the Caribbean revealed by a multigene analysis. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8:240.
10. Bensch, S., A. J. Helbig, M. Salomon, and I. Seibold. 2002. Amplified fragment length polymorphism analysis identifies hybrids between two subspecies of warblers. Molecular Ecology 11:473-481. (Pubitemid 34234370)
11. Bintanja, R., R. S. W. van de Wal, and J. Oerlemans. 2005. Modelled atmospheric temperatures and global sea levels over the past million years. Nature 437:125-128. (Pubitemid 41613437)
12. Bloomer, P., and T. M. Crowe. 1998. Francolin phylogenetics: Molecular, morphobehavioral, and combined evidence. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 9:236-254. (Pubitemid 128349935)
13. Borge, T., K. Lindroos, P. Nádvorník, A.-C. Syvänen, and G.-P. Sætre. 2005a. Amount of introgression in flycatcher hybrid zones reflects regional differences in pre- and post-zygotic barriers to gene exchange. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 18:1416-1424. (Pubitemid 41727048)
14. Borge, T., M. T. Webster, G. Andersson, and G.-P. Sætre. 2005b. Contrasting patterns of polymorphism and divergence on the Z chromosome and autosomes in two Ficedula flycatcher species. Genetics 171:1861-1873.
15. Brelsford, A., and D. E. Irwin. 2009. Incipient speciation despite little assortative mating: The Yellow-rumped Warbler hybrid zone. Evolution 63:3050-3060.
16. Brelsford, A., B. Milá, and D. E. Irwin. 2011. Hybrid origin of Audubon's Warbler. Molecular Ecology 20:2380-2389.
17. Bronson, C. L., T. C. Grubb, Jr., G. D. Sattler, and M. J. Braun. 2005. Reproductive success across the Black-capped Chickadee (Poecile atricapillus) and Carolina Chickadee (P. carolinensis) hybrid zone in Ohio. Auk 122:759-772. (Pubitemid 41060656)
18. Brown, R. M., R. A. Nichols, C. G. Faulkes, C. G. Jones, L. Bugoni, V. Tatayah, D. Gottelli, and W. C. Jordan. 2010. Range expansion and hybridization in Round Island petrels (Pterodroma spp.): Evidence from microsatellite genotypes. Molecular Ecology 19:3157-3170.
19. Brumfield, R. T. 2010. Speciation genetics of biological invasions with hybridization. Molecular Ecology 19:5079-5083.
20. Brumfield, R. T., R. W. Jernigan, D. B. McDonald, and M. J. Braun. 2001. Evolutionary implications of divergent clines in an avian (Manacus: Aves) hybrid zone. Evolution 55:2070-2087. (Pubitemid 34003827)
21. Brumfield, R. T., L. Liu, D. E. Lum, and S. V. Edwards. 2008. Comparison of species tree methods for reconstructing the phylogeny of bearded manakins (Aves: Pipridae, Manacus) from multilocus sequence data. Systematic Biology 57:719-731.
22. Campagna, L., D. A. Lijtmaer, K. C. R. Kerr, A. S. Barreira, P. D. N. Hebert, S. C. Lougheed, and P. L. Tubaro. 2010. DNA barcodes provide new evidence of a recent radiation in the genus Sporophila (Aves: Passeriformes). Molecular Ecology Resources 10:449-458.
23. Caputo, R. 2007. Sea-level curves: Perplexities of an end-user in morphotectonic applications. Global and Planetary Change 57:417-423. (Pubitemid 46756207)
24. Carling, M. D., and R. T. Brumfield. 2008. Haldane's rule in an avian system: Using cline theory and divergence population genetics to test for differential introgression of mitochondrial, autosomal, and sex-linked loci across the Passerina bunting hybrid zone. Evolution 62:2600-2615.
25. Carling, M. D., and R. T. Brumfield. 2009. Speciation in Passerina buntings: Introgression patterns of sex-linked loci identify a candidate gene region for reproductive isolation. Molecular Ecology 18:834-847.
26. Carling, M. D., I. J. Lovette, and R. T. Brumfield. 2010. Historical divergence and gene flow: Coalescent analyses of mitochondrial, autosomal and sex-linked loci in Passerina buntings. Evolution 64:1762-1772.
27. Carling, M. D., L. G. Serene, and I. J. Lovette. 2011. Using historical DNA to characterize hybridization between Baltimore Orioles (Icterus galbula) and Bullock's Orioles (Icterus bullockii). Auk 128:61-68.
28. Carling, M. D., and B. Zuckerberg. 2011. Spatio-temporal changes in the genetic structure of the Passerina bunting hybrid zone. Molecular Ecology 20:1166-1175.
29. Cheviron, Z. A., and R. T. Brumfield. 2009. Migration-selection balance and local adaptation of mitochondrial haplotypes in Rufous-collared Sparrows (Zonotrichia capensis) along an elevational gradient. Evolution 63:1593-1605.
30. Cicero, C. 2004. Barriers to sympatry between avian sibling species (Paridae: Baeolophus) in local secondary contact. Evolution 58:1573-1587. (Pubitemid 39027211)
31. Confer, J. L. 2006. Secondary contact and introgression of Goldenwinged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera): Documenting the mechanism. Auk 123:958-961. (Pubitemid 44655963)
32. Crochet, P. A., J. Z. Chen, J.-M. Pons, J.-D. Lebreton, P. D. N. Hebert, and F. Bonhomme. 2003. Genetic differentiation at nuclear and mitochondrial loci among large white-headed gulls: Sex-biased interspecific gene flow? Evolution 57:2865-2878. (Pubitemid 38078366)
33. Crottini, A., A. Galimberti, A. Boto, L. Serra, Y. Liu, C. Yeung, X. Yang, M. Barbuto, and M. Casiraghi. 2010. Toward a resolution of a taxonomic enigma: First genetic analyses of Paradoxornis webbianus and P. alphonsianus (Aves: Paradoxornithidae) from China and Italy. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 57:1312-1318.
34. Crowe, T. M., E. H. Harley, M. B. Jakutowicz, J. Komen, and A. A. Crowe. 1992. Phylogenetic, taxonomic and biogeographical implications of genetic, morphological, and behavioral variation in francolins (Phasianidae: Francolinus). Auk 109:24-42.
35. Currat, M., M. Ruedi, R. J. Petit, and L. Excoffier. 2008. The hidden side of invasions: Massive introgression by local genes. Evolution 62:1908-1920. (Pubitemid 352033252)
36. Dabrowski, A., R. Fraser, J. L. Confer, and I. J. Lovette. 2005. Geographic variability in mitochondrial introgression among hybridizing populations of Golden-winged (Vermivora chrysoptera) and Blue-winged (V. pinus) warblers. Conservation Genetics 6:843-853. (Pubitemid 43052260)
37. Degnan, S. M., and C. Moritz. 1992. Phylogeography of mitochondrial DNA in two species of white-eyes in Australia. Auk 109:800-811.
38. de León, L. F., E. Bermingham, J. Podos, and A. P. Hendry. 2010. Divergence with gene flow as facilitated by ecological differences: Within-island variation in Darwin's finches. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 365:1041-1052.
39. den Hartog, P. M., A. M. den Boer-Visser, and C. ten Cate. 2010. Unidirectional hybridization and introgression in an avian contact zone: Evidence from genetic markers, morphology, and comparisons with laboratory-raised F1 hybrids. Auk 127:605-616.
40. Drovetski, S. V., R. M. Zink, and N. A. Mode. 2009. Patchy distributions belie morphological and genetic homogeneity in rosyfinches. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 50:437-445.
41. Edwards, S. V. 2009. Natural selection and phylogenetic analysis. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106:8799-8800.
42. Edwards, S. V., S. Cameron Devitt, and M. Fujita. 2011. Phylogeography. In Encyclopedia of Theoretical Ecology. University of California Press, Berkeley: in press.
43. Ehinger, M., P. Fontanillas, E. Petit, and N. Perrin. 2002. Mitochondrial DNA variation along an altitudinal gradient in the greater white-toothed shrew, Crocidura russula. Molecular Ecology 11:939-945. (Pubitemid 34514256)
44. Ellegren, H. 2009. Genomic evidence for a large-Z effect. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 276:361-366.
45. Ferris, S. D., R. D. Sage, C. M. Huang, J. T. Nielsen, U. Ritte, and A. C. Wilson. 1983. Flow of mitochondrial DNA across a species boundary. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 80:2290-2294. (Pubitemid 13097174)
46. Fontanillas, P., A. Dépraz, M. S. Giorgi, and N. Perrin. 2005. Nonshivering thermogenesis capacity associated to mitochondrial DNA haplotypes and gender in the Greater White-toothed Shrew, Crocidura russula. Molecular Ecology 14:661-670. (Pubitemid 40210693)
47. Fuchs, J., J.-M. Pons, E. Pasquet, M. J. Raherilalao, and S. M. Goodman. 2007. Geographical structure of the genetic variation in the Malagasy Scops-owl inferred from mitochondrial sequence data. Condor 109:408-418. (Pubitemid 46770460)
48. Funk, D. J., and K. E. Omland. 2003. Species-level paraphyly and polyphyly: Frequency, causes, and consequences, with insights from animal mitochondrial DNA. Annual Review of Ecology, Evolution, and Systematics 34:397-423. (Pubitemid 38171425)
49. Gay, L., P.-A. Crochet, D. A. Bell, and T. Lenormand. 2008. Comparing clines on molecular and phenotypic traits in hybrid zones: A window on tension zone models. Evolution 62:2789-2806.
50. Gay, L., G. Neubauer, M. Zagalska-Neubauer, J.-M. Pons, D. A. Bell, and P.-A. Crochet. 2009. Speciation with gene flow in the large white-headed gulls: Does selection counterbalance introgression? Heredity 102:133-146.
51. Gill, F. B. 1997. Local cytonuclear extinction of the Golden-winged Warbler. Evolution 51:519-525. (Pubitemid 27201504)
52. Gonzalez, J., M. Wink, E. Garcia-del-Rey, and G. Delgado Castro. 2008. Evidence from DNA nucleotide sequences and ISSR profiles indicates paraphyly in subspecies of the Southern Grey Shrike (Lanius meridionalis). Journal of Ornithology 149:495-506.
53. Grant, P. R., and B. R. Grant. 1992. Hybridization of bird species. Science 256:193-197.
54. Grant, P. R., and B. R. Grant. 2009. The secondary contact phase of allopatric speciation in Darwin's finches. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 106:20141-20148.
55. Grant, P. R., and B. R. Grant. 2010. Conspecific versus heterospecific gene exchange between populations of Darwin's finches. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Series B 365:1065-1076.
56. Grant, P. R., B. R. Grant, J. A. Markert, L. F. Keller, and K. Petren. 2004. Convergent evolution of Darwin's finches caused by introgressive hybridization and selection. Evolution 58: 1588-1599. (Pubitemid 39027212)
57. Grant, P. R., B. R. Grant, and K. Petren. 2005. Hybridization in the recent past. American Naturalist 166:56-57.
58. Green, R. E., J. Krause, A. W. Briggs, T. Maricic, U. Stenzel, M. Kircher, N. Patterson, H. Li, W. Zhai, M. H.-Y. Fritz, and others. 2010. A draft sequence of the Neandertal genome. Science 328:710-722.
59. Haig, S. M., W. M. Bronaugh, R. S. Crowhurst, J. D'Elia, C. A. Eagles-Smith, C. W. Epps, B. Knaus, M. P. Miller, M. L. Moses, S. Oyler-McCance, and others. 2011. Genetic applications in avian conservation. Auk 128:205-229.
60. Haig, S. M., T. D. Mullins, E. D. Forsman, P. W. Trail, and L. Wennerberg. 2004. Genetic identification of Spotted Owls, Barred Owls, and their hybrids: Legal implications of hybrid identity. Conservation Biology 18:1347-1357. (Pubitemid 39348585)
61. Haldane, J. S. B. 1922. Sex-ratio and unisexual hybrid sterility in animals. Journal of Genetics 12:101-109.
62. Harrison, R. G., D. M. Rand, and W. C. Wheeler. 1987. Mitochondrial DNA variation in field crickets across a narrow hybrid zone. Molecular Biology and Evolution 4:144-158. (Pubitemid 17054808)
63. Helbig, A. J., M. Salomon, S. Bensch, and I. Seibold. 2001. Male-biased gene flow across an avian hybrid zone: Evidence from mitochondrial and microsatellite DNA. Journal of Evolutionary Biology 14:277-287. (Pubitemid 32333200)
64. Helbig, A. J., I. Seibold, A. Kocum, D. Liebers, J. Irwin, U. Bergmanis, B.-U. Meyburg, W. Scheller, M. Stubbe, and S. Bensch. 2005. Genetic differentiation and hybridization between Greater and Lesser spotted eagles (Accipitriformes: Aquila clanga, A. pomarina). Journal of Ornithology 146:226-234. (Pubitemid 41086501)
65. Hermansen, J. S., S. A. Sæther, T. O. Elgvin, T. Borge, E. Hjelle, and G.-P. Sætre. 2011. Hybrid speciation in sparrows I: Phenotypic intermediacy, genetic admixture and barriers to gene flow. Molecular Ecology 20:3812-3822.
66. Hugall, A., C. Moritz, A. Moussalli, and J. Stanisic. 2002. Reconciling paleodistribution models and comparative phylogeography in the wet tropics rainforest land snail Gnarosophia bellendenkerensis (Brazier 1875). Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 99:6112-6117. (Pubitemid 34493274)
67. Irwin, D. E., A. Brelsford, D. P. L. Toews, C. MacDonald, and M. Phinney. 2009a. Extensive hybridization in a contact zone between MacGillivray's Warblers Oporornis tolmiei and Mourning Warblers O. philadelphia detected using molecular and morphological analyses. Journal of Avian Biology 40:539-552.
68. Irwin, D. E., A. S. Rubtsov, and E. N. Panov. 2009b. Mitochondrial introgression and replacement between Yellowhammers (Emberiza citrinella) and Pine Buntings (E. leucocephalos) (Aves: Passeriformes). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 98: 422-438.
69. Jacobsen, F., N. R. Friedman, and K. E. Omland. 2010. Congruence between nuclear and mitochondrial DNA: Combination of multiple nuclear introns resolves a well-supported phylogeny of New World orioles (Icterus). Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 56:419-427.
70. Jacobsen, F., and K. E. Omland. 2011. Species tree inference in a recent radiation of orioles (genus Icterus): Multiple markers and methods reveal cytonuclear discordance in the northern oriole group. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 61:460-469.
71. Johnsen, A., E. Rindal, P. G. P. Ericson, D. Zuccon, K. C. R. Kerr, M. Y. Stoeckle, and J. T. Lifjeld. 2010. DNA barcoding of Scandinavian birds reveals divergent lineages in trans-Atlantic species. Journal of Ornithology 151:565-578.
72. Joseph, L., G. J. Adcock, C. Linde, K. E. Omland, R. Heinsohn, R. T. Chesser, and D. Roshier. 2009. A tangled tale of two teal: Population history of the grey Anas gracilis and chestnut teal A. castanea of Australia. Journal of Avian Biology 40:430-439.
73. Joseph, L., and C. Moritz. 1993. Hybridization between the White-browed and Atherton scrubwrens: Detection with mitochondrial DNA. Emu 93:93-99. (Pubitemid 24414131)
74. Joseph, L., and K. E. Omland. 2009. Phylogeography: Its development and impact in Australo-Papuan ornithology with special reference to paraphyly in Australian birds. Emu 109:1-23.
75. Kerr, K. C. R., S. Birks, M. Kalyakin, Y. Red'kin, E. Koblik, and P. D. N. Hebert. 2009a. Filling the gap-COI barcode resolution in eastern Palerarctic birds. Frontiers in Zoology 6:29.
76. Kerr, K. C. R., D. A. Lijtmaer, A. S. Barreira, P. D. N. Hebert, and P. L. Tubaro. 2009b. Probing evolutionary patterns in Neotropical birds through DNA barcodes. PLoS One 4:E4379.
77. Kerr, K. C. R., M. Y. Stoeckle, C. J. Dove, L. A. Weigt, C. M. Francis, and P. D. N. Hebert. 2007. Comprehensive DNA barcode coverage of North American birds. Molecular Ecology Notes 7:535-543. (Pubitemid 47035498)
78. Kirby, R. E., G. A. Sargeant, and D. Shutler. 2004. Haldane's rule and American Black Duck × Mallard hybridization. Canadian Journal of Zoology 82:1827-1831. (Pubitemid 40483045)
79. Klassert, T. E., M. A. Hernández, F. Campos, O. Infante, T. Almeida, N. M. Suárez, J. Pestano, and M. Hernández. 2008. Mitochondrial DNA points to Lanius meridionalis as a polyphyletic species. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47:1227-1231.
80. Kondo, B., J. L. Peters, B. B. Rosensteel, and K. E. Omland. 2008. Coalescent analyses of multiple loci support a new route to speciation in birds. Evolution 62:1182-1191. (Pubitemid 351623932)
81. Kulathinal, R. J., L. S. Stevison, and M. A. F. Noor. 2009. The genomics of speciation in Drosophila: Diversity, divergence, and introgression estimated using low-coverage genome sequencing. PLoS Genetics 5: e1000550.
82. Kulikova, I. V., S. V. Drovetski, D. D. Gibson, R. J. Harrigan, S. Rohwer, M. D. Sorenson, K. Winker, Y. N. Zhuravlev, and K. G. McCracken. 2005. Phylogeography of the Mallard (Anas platyrhynchos): Hybridization, dispersal, and lineage sorting contribute to complex geographic structure. Auk 122:949-965. (Pubitemid 41060668)
83. Kulikova, I. V., Y. N. Zhuravlev, and K. G. McCracken. 2004. Asymmetric hybridization and sex-biased gene flow between Eastern Spot-billed Ducks (Anas zonorhyncha) and Mallards (A. platyrhynchos) in the Russian Far East. Auk 121:930-949. (Pubitemid 38946474)
84. Kvist, L., J. Martens, A. A. Nazarenko, and M. Orell. 2003. Paternal leakage of mitochondrial DNA in the Great Tit (Parus major). Molecular Biology and Evolution 20:243-247. (Pubitemid 36237382)
85. Kvist, L., and S. Rytkönen. 2006. Characterization of a secondary contact zone of the Great Tit Parus major and the Japanese Tit P. minor (Aves: Passeriformes) in Far Eastern Siberia with DNA markers. Zootaxa 1325:55-73.
86. Lambeck, K., and J. Chappell. 2001. Sea level change through the last glacial cycle. Science 292:679-686. (Pubitemid 32385532)
87. Leichty, E. R., and J. W. Grier. 2006. Importance of facial pattern to sexual selection in Golden-winged Warbler (Vermivora chrysoptera). Auk 123:962-966. (Pubitemid 44655964)
88. Lerner, H. R. L., and R. C. Fleischer. 2010. Prospects for nextgeneration sequencing in avian studies. Auk 127:4-15.
89. Li, J.-W., C. K.-L. Yeung, P.-W. Tsai, R.-C. Lin, C.-F. Yeh, C. Yao, L. Han, L. Manh Hung, P. Ding, Q. Wang, and S.-H. Li. 2010. Rejecting strictly allopatric speciation on a continental island: Prolonged postdivergence gene flow between Taiwan (Leucodioptron taewanus, Passeriformes Timaliidae) and Chinese (L. canorum canorum) hwameis. Molecular Ecology 19:494-507.
90. Li, S.-H., J.-W. Li, C. K.-L. Yeung, L. Han, M. H. Le, C. Wang, P. Ding, and C. Yao. 2010. Genetic introgression between an introduced babbler, the Chinese Hwamei Leucodioptron c. canorum, and the endemic Taiwan Hwamei L. taewanus: A multiple marker systems analysis. Journal of Avian Biology 41:64-73.
91. Liebers, D., P. de Knijff, and A. J. Helbig. 2004. The Herring Gull complex is not a ring species. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 271:893-901. (Pubitemid 38586410)
92. Machado, C. A., and J. Hey. 2003. The causes of phylogenetic conflict in a classic Drosophila species group. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 270:1193-1202. (Pubitemid 36683465)
93. Maley, J. M., and K. Winker. 2010. Diversification at high latitudes: Speciation of buntings in the genus Plectrophenax inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear markers. Molecular Ecology 19:785-797.
94. Mank, J. E., J. E. Carlson, and M. C. Brittingham. 2004. A century of hybridization: Decreasing genetic distance between American Black Ducks and Mallards. Conservation Genetics 5:395-403. (Pubitemid 38983086)
95. Marthinsen, G., L. Wennerberg, and J. T. Lifjeld. 2008. Low support for separate species within the redpoll complex (Carduelis flammea-hornemanni- cabaret) from analyses of mtDNA and microsatellite markers. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 47:1005-1017.
96. Martínez-Cruz, B., and J. A. Godoy. 2007. Genetic evidence for a recent divergence and subsequent gene flow between Spanish and Eastern imperial eagles. BMC Evolutionary Biology 7:170.
97. Mayr, E. 1996. What is a species, and what is not? Philosophy of Science 63:262-277. (Pubitemid 126431254)
98. McCracken, K. G., W. P. Johnson, and F. H. Sheldon. 2001. Molecular population genetics, phylogeography, and conservation biology of the Mottled Duck (Anas fulvigula). Conservation Genetics 2:87-102. (Pubitemid 33638245)
99. McKay, B. D., and R. M. Zink. 2009. The causes of mitochondrial DNA gene tree paraphyly in birds. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54:647-650.
100. Mettler, R. D., and G. M. Spellman. 2009. A hybrid zone revisited: Molecular and morphological analysis of the maintenance, movement, and evolution of a Great Plains avian (Cardinalidae: Pheucticus) hybrid zone. Molecular Ecology 18:3256-3267.
101. Milá, B., D. P. L. Toews, T. B. Smith, and R. K. Wayne. 2011. A cryptic contact zone between divergent mitochondrial DNA lineages in southwestern North America supports past introgressive hybridization in the yellow-rumped warbler complex (Aves: Dendroica coronata). Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 103:696-706.
102. Mishmar, D., E. Ruiz-Pesini, P. Golik, V. Macaulay, A. G. Clark, S. Hosseini, M. Brandon, K. Easley, E. Chen, M. D. Brown, and others. 2003. Natural selection shaped regional mtDNA variation in humans. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 100:171-176. (Pubitemid 36078047)
103. Niki, Y., S. I. Chigusa, and E. T. Matsuura. 1989. Complete replacement of mitochondrial DNA in Drosophila. Nature 341:551-552. (Pubitemid 19252532)
104. Nittinger, F., A. Gamauf, W. Pinsker, M. Wink, and E. Haring. 2007. Phylogeography and population structure of the Saker Falcon (Falco cherrug) and the influence of hybridization: Mitochondrial and microsatellite data. Molecular Ecology 16:1497-1517. (Pubitemid 46474773)
105. Noor, M. A. F., N. A. Johnson, and J. Hey. 2000. Gene flow between Drosophila pseudoobscura and D. persimilis. Evolution 54:2174-2175. (Pubitemid 32113846)
106. Ödeen, A., and M. Björklund. 2003. Dynamics in the evolution of sexual traits: Losses and gains, radiation and convergence in Yellow Wagtails (Motacilla flava). Molecular Ecology 12:2113-2130. (Pubitemid 36922325)
107. Olsson, U., P. Alström, L. Svensson, M. Aliabadian, and P. Sundberg. 2010. The Lanius excubitor (Aves, Passeriformes) conundrum-Taxonomic dilemma when molecular and nonmolecular data tell different stories. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 55:347-357.
108. Pálsson, S., F. Vigfúsdóttir, and A. Ingólfsson. 2009. Morphological and genetic patterns of hybridization of Herring Gulls (Larus argentatus) and Glaucous Gulls (L. hyperboreus) in Iceland. Auk 126:376-382.
109. Peters, J. L., Y. Zhuravlev, I. Fefelov, A. Logie, and K. E. Omland. 2007. Nuclear loci and coalescent methods support ancient hybridization as cause of mitochondrial paraphyly between Gadwall and Falcated Duck (Anas spp.). Evolution 61:1992-2006. (Pubitemid 47220929)
110. Petit, R. J., and L. Excoffier. 2009. Gene flow and species delimitation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 24:386-393.
111. Powell, J. R. 1983. Interspecific cytoplasmic gene flow in the absence of nuclear gene flow: Evidence from Drosophila. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 80: 492-495.
112. Reich, D., R. E. Green, M. Kircher, J. Krause, N. Patterson, E. Y. Durand, B. Viola, A. W. Briggs, U. Stenzel, P. L. F. Johnson, and others. 2010. Genetic history of an archaic hominin group from Denisova Cave in Siberia. Nature 468:1053-1060.
113. Rheindt, F. E., L. Christidis, and J. A. Norman. 2009. Genetic introgression, incomplete lineage sorting and faulty taxonomy create multiple cases of polyphyly in a montane clade of tyrantflycatchers (Elaenia, Tyrannidae). Zoologica Scripta 38:143-153.
114. Rohwer, S., E. Bermingham, and C. Wood. 2001. Plumage and mitochondrial DNA haplotype variation across a moving hybrid zone. Evolution 55:405-422. (Pubitemid 32228624)
115. Ropiquet, A., and A. Hassanin. 2006. Hybrid origin of the Pliocene ancestor of wild goats. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 41:395-404. (Pubitemid 44428202)
116. Ruiz-Pesini, E., D. Mishmar, M. Brandon, V. Procaccio, and D. C. Wallace. 2004. Effects of purifying and adaptive selection on regional variation in human mtDNA. Science 303:223-226. (Pubitemid 38057570)
117. Rush, A. C., R. J. Cannings, and D. E. Irwin. 2009. Analysis of multilocus DNA reveals hybridization in a contact zone between Empidonax flycatchers. Journal of Avian Biology 40:614-624.
118. Sather, S. A., G.-P. Satre, T. Borge, C. Wiley, N. Svedin, G. Andersson, T. Veen, J. Haavie, M. R. Servedio, S. Bure., and others. 2007. Sex chromosome-linked species recognition and evolution of reproductive isolation in flycatchers. Science 318:95-97. (Pubitemid 47538039)
119. Satre, G.-P., T. Borge, J. Lindell, T. Moum, C. R. Primmer, B. C. Sheldon, J. Haavie, A. Johnsen, and H. Ellegren. 2001. Speciation, introgressive hybridization and nonlinear rate of molecular evolution in flycatchers. Molecular Ecology 10:737-749. (Pubitemid 32411722)
120. Satre, G.-P., T. Borge, K. Lindroos, J. Haavie, B. C. Sheldon, C. Primmer, and A.-C. Syvanen. 2003. Sex chromosome evolution and speciation in Ficedula flycatchers. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 270:53-59. (Pubitemid 36140422)
121. Secondi, J., B. Faivre, and S. Bensch. 2006. Spreading introgression in the wake of a moving contact zone. Molecular Ecology 15:2463-2475. (Pubitemid 44050717)
122. Seehausen, O. 2004. Hybridization and adaptive radiation. Trends in Ecology & Evolution 19:198-207. (Pubitemid 38355799)
123. Shapiro, L. H., R. A. Canterbury, D. M. Stover, and R. C. Fleischer. 2004. Reciprocal introgression between Goldenwinged Warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera) and Blue-winged Warblers (V. pinus) in eastern North America. Auk 121:1019-1030. (Pubitemid 39459517)
124. Siddall, M., E. J. Rohling, A. Almogi-Labin, C. Hemleben, D. Meischner, I. Schmelzer, and D. A. Smeed. 2003. Sea-level fluctuations during the last glacial cycle. Nature 423:853-858. (Pubitemid 36781273)
125. Spolsky, C., and T. Uzzell. 1984. Natural interspecies transfer of mitochondrial DNA in amphibians. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences USA 81:5802-5805. (Pubitemid 14018491)
126. Steeves, T. E., R. F. Maloney, M. L. Hale, J. M. Tylianakis, and N. J. Gemmell. 2010. Genetic analyses reveal hybridization but no hybrid swarm in one of the world's rarest birds. Molecular Ecology 19:5090-5100.
127. Sternkopf, V., D. Liebers-Helbig, M. S. Ritz, J. Zhang, A. J. Helbig, and P. de Knijff. 2010. Introgressive hybridization and the evolutionary history of the Herring Gull complex revealed by mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. BMC Evolutionary Biology 10:348.
128. Storchova, R., J. Reif, and M. W. Nachman. 2010. Female heterogamety and speciation: Reduced introgression of the Z chromosome between two species of nightingales. Evolution 64:456-471.
129. Tavares, E. S., and A. J. Baker. 2008. Single mitochondrial gene barcodes reliably identify sister-species in diverse clades of birds. BMC Evolutionary Biology 8:81.
130. Techow, N. M. S. M., C. O'Ryan, R. A. Phillips, R. Gales, M. Marin, D. Patterson-Fraser, F. Quintana, M. S. Ritz, D. R. Thompson, R. M. Wanless, and others. 2010. Speciation and phylogeography of giant petrels Macronectes. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 54:472-487.
131. Tegelstrom, H., and H. P. Gelter. 1990. Haldane's rule and sex biased gene flow between two hybridizing flycatcher species (Ficedula albicollis and F. hypoleuca, Aves: Muscicapidae). Evolution 44:2012-2021.
132. Thompson, W. G., and S. L. Goldstein. 2005. Open-system coral ages reveal persistent suborbital sea-level cycles. Science 308:401-404. (Pubitemid 40530075)
133. Turelli, M., and H. A. Orr. 1995. The dominance theory of Haldane's rule. Genetics 140:389-402.
134. Vali, U., V. Dombrovski, R. Treinys, U. Bergmanis, S. J. Daroczi, M. Dravecky, V. Ivanovski, J. Lontkowski, G. Maciorowski, B.-U. Meyburg, and others. 2010a. Widespread hybridization between the Greater Spotted Eagle Aquila clanga and the Lesser Spotted Eagle Aquila pomarina (Aves: Accipitriformes) in Europe. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 100:725-736.
135. Vali, U., P. Saag, V. Dombrovski, B.-U. Meyburg, G. Maciorowski, T. Mizera, R. Treinys, and S. Fagerberg. 2010b. Microsatellites and single nucleotide polymorphisms in avian hybrid identification: A comparative case study. Journal of Avian Biology 41:34-49.
136. Vallender, R., R. J. Robertson, V. L. Friesen, and I. J. Lovette. 2007. Complex hybridization dynamics between Golden-winged and Blue-winged warblers (Vermivora chrysoptera and Vermivora pinus) revealed by AFLP, microsatellite, intron and mtDNA markers. Molecular Ecology 16:2017-2029. (Pubitemid 46718918)
137. Veen, T., T. Borge, S. C. Griffith, G.-P. Satre, S. Bures, L. Gustafsson, and B. C. Sheldon. 2001. Hybridization and adaptive mate choice in flycatchers. Nature 411:45-50. (Pubitemid 32428184)
138. Wang, L., K. Luzynski, J. E. Pool, V. Janoušek, P. Dufkova, M. M. Vyskočilova, K. C. Teeter, M. W. Nachman, P. Munclinger, M. Macholan, and others. 2011. Measures of linkage disequilibrium among neighbouring SNPs indicate asymmetries across the house mouse hybrid zone. Molecular Ecology 20:2985-3000.
139. Weckstein, J. D., R. M. Zink, R. C. Blackwell-Rago, and D. A. Nelson. 2001. Anomalous variation in mitochondrial genomes of White-crowned (Zonotrichia leucophrys) and Golden-crowned (Z. atricapilla) sparrows: Pseudogenes, hybridization, or incomplete lineage sorting? Auk 118:231-236. (Pubitemid 32219297)
140. Weir, J. T., and D. Schluter. 2004. Ice sheets promote speciation in boreal birds. Proceedings of the Royal Society of London, Series B 271:1881-1887.
141. Weir, J. T., and D. Schluter. 2008. Calibrating the avian molecular clock. Molecular Ecology 17:2321-2328. (Pubitemid 351623774)
142. Wilson, A. C., R. L. Cann, S. M. Carr, M. George, U. B. Gyllensten, K. M. Helm-Bychowski, R. G. Higuchi, S. R. Palumbi, E. M. Prager, R. D. Sage, and M. Stoneking. 1985. Mitochondrial DNA and two perspectives on evolutionary genetics. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 26:375-400.
143. Yuri, T., R. W. Jernigan, R. T. Brumfield, N. K. Bhagabati, and M. J. Braun. 2009. The effect of marker choice on estimated levels of introgression across an avian (Pipridae: Manacus) hybrid zone. Molecular Ecology 18:4888-4903.
144. Zink, R. M. 2002. A new perspective on the evolutionary history of Darwin's finches. Auk 119:864-871.
145. Zink, R. M., J. D. Rising, S. Mockford, A. G. Horn, J. M. Wright, M. Leonard, and M. C. Westberg. 2005. Mitochondrial DNA variation, species limits, and rapid evolution of plumage coloration and size in the Savannah Sparrow. Condor 107:21-28. (Pubitemid 40241011)