On the oxidation of electrolytic carbon nanomaterials

Corrosion Science

Volumn 54, Issue 1, 2012, Pages 307-313

  Kamali, Ali Reza ^a   Schwandt, Carsten ^a   Fray, Derek J ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

B. SEM; B. Weight loss; C. Oxidation

Indexed keywords

B. SEM; C. OXIDATION; CARBON MATERIAL; CARBON NANOMATERIALS; CARBON NANOSTRUCTURES; LITHIUM CARBONATES; MOLTEN SALT; NONISOTHERMAL; OXIDATION BEHAVIOURS; THERMAL ANALYSIS TECHNIQUES; WEIGHT LOSS;

ELECTROLYTIC ANALYSIS; FUSED SALTS; LITHIUM; NANOSTRUCTURED MATERIALS; NANOSTRUCTURES; THERMOANALYSIS; X RAY DIFFRACTION; X RAY DIFFRACTION ANALYSIS;

OXIDATION;

EID: 80655133072     PISSN: 0010938X     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.corsci.2011.09.033     Document Type: Article

References (42)

1. Iijima S. Helical microtubules of graphitic carbon. Nature 1991, 354:56-58.
2. Shokrieh M.M., Rafiee R. A review of the mechanical properties of isolated carbon nanotubes and carbon nanotube composites. Mech. Comp. Mater. 2010, 46:155-172.
3. Demoustier S., Minoux E., Le Baillif M., Charles M., Ziaei A. Review of two microwave applications of carbon nanotubes: nano-antennas and nano-switches. C. R. Physique 2008, 9:53-66.
4. Barros E.B., Jorio A., Samsonidze G.G., Capaz R.B., Souza Filho A.G., Mendes Filho J., Dresselhaus G., Dresselhaus M.S. Review on the symmetry-related properties of carbon nanotubes. Phys. Rep. 2006, 431:261-302.
5. Wong S.S., Joselevich E., Woolley A.T., Cheung C.L., Lieber C.M. Covalently functionalized nanotubes as nanometre-size probes in chemistry and biology. Nature 1998, 394:52-55.
6. Zhu W., Bower C., Zhou O., Kochanski G., Jin S. Large current density from carbon nanotube field emitters. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1999, 75:873-875.
7. Wang C.A., Ryu K.M., De Arco L.G., Badmaev A., Zhang J.L., Lin X., Che Y.C., Zhou C.W. Synthesis and device applications of high-density aligned carbon nanotubes using low-pressure chemical vapor deposition and stacked multiple transfer. Nano. Res. 2010, 3:831-842.
8. Kuzumaki T., Ujiie O., Ichinose H., Ito K. Mechanical characteristics and preparation of carbon nanotube fiber-reinforced Ti composite. Adv. Eng. Mater. 2000, 2:416-418.
9. Peigney A. Composite materials: tougher ceramics with nanotubes. Nature Mater. 2003, 2:15-16.
10. Ma P.C., Siddiqui N.A., Marom G., Kim J.K. Dispersion and functionalization of carbon nanotubes for polymer-based nanocomposites: a review. Compos. A 2010, 41:1345-1367.
11. X.M. Ren, C.L. Chen, M. Nagatsu; X.K. Wang, Carbon nanotubes as adsorbents in environmental pollution management: a review, Chem. Eng. J., DOI:. doi:10.1016/j.cej.2010.08.045.
12. Y. Wang, J.T.W. Yeow, A review of carbon nanotubes-based gas sensors, J. Sensors, DOI:. doi:10.1155/2009/493904.
13. Li C., Thostenson E.T., Chou T.W. Sensors and actuators based on carbon nanotubes and their composites: a review. Compos. Sci. Technol. 2008, 68:1227-1249.
14. Jacobs C.B., Peairs M.J., Venton B.J. Review: carbon nanotube based electrochemical sensors for biomolecules. Anal. Chim. Acta 2010, 662:105-127.
15. Vairavapandian D., Vichchulada P., Lay M.D. Preparation and modification of carbon nanotubes: review of recent advances and applications in catalysis and sensing. Anal. Chim. Acta 2008, 626:119-129.
16. Pastorin G. Crucial functionalizations of carbon nanotubes for improved drug delivery: a valuable option?. Pharm. Res. 2009, 26:746-769.
17. Donkor A.D., Su Z.D., Mandal H.S., Jin X., Tang X.W. Carbon nanotubes inhibit the hemolytic activity of the pore-forming toxin pyolysin. Nano. Res. 2009, 2:517-525.
18. Hirscher M., Becher M. Hydrogen storage in carbon nanotubes. J. Nanosci. Nanotechnol. 2003, 3:3-17.
19. Mao Z.G., Sinnott S.B. Separation of organic molecular mixtures in carbon nanotubes and bundles: molecular dynamics simulations. J. Phys. Chem. B 2001, 105:6916-6924.
20. Niu C.M., Sichel E.K., Hoch R., Moy D., Tennent H. High power electrochemical capacitors based on carbon nanotube electrodes. Appl. Phys. Lett. 1997, 70:1480-1482.
21. Kamali A.R., Fray D.J. Review on carbon and silicon based materials as anode materials for lithium ion batteries. J. New Mater. Electrochem. Syst. 2010, 13:147-160.
22. Kunadian I., Andrews R., Mengüç M.P., Qian D. Multiwalled carbon nanotube deposition profiles within a CVD reactor: an experimental study. Chem. Eng. Sci. 2009, 64:1503-1510.
23. Isaacs J.A., Tanwani A., Healy M.L., Dahlben L.J. Economic assessment of single-walled carbon nanotube processes. J. Nanopart. Res. 2010, 12:551-562.
24. Monthioux M., Serp P., Flahaut E., Razafinimanana M., Laurent C., Peigney A., Basca W., Broto J.M. Introduction to carbon nanotubes. Handbook of Nanotechnology 2007, 43-112. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, New York. 2nd ed. B. Bhushan (Ed.).
25. Rakov E.G. The current status of carbon nanotube and nanofiber production. Nanotechnol. Russia 2008, 3:575-580.
26. Hsu W.K., Hare J.P., Terrones M., Kroto H.W., Walton D.R.M., Harris P.J.F. Condensed-phase nanotubes. Nature 1995, 377:687.
27. Hsu W.K., Terrones M., Hare J.P., Terrones H., Kroto H.W., Walton D.R.M. Electrolytic formation of carbon nanostructures. Chem. Phys. Lett. 1996, 262:161-166.
28. Chen G.Z., Fan X.D., Luget A., Shaffer M.S.P., Fray D.J., Windle A.H. Electrolytic conversion of graphite to carbon nanotubes in fused salts. J. Electroanal. Chem. 1998, 446:1-6.
29. Chen G.Z., Kinloch I., Shaffer M.S.P., Fray D.J., Windle A.H. Electrochemical investigation of the formation of carbon nanotubes in molten salts. High Temp. Mater. Process 1998, 2:459-469.
30. Kaptay G., Sytchev I., Miklósi J., Nagy P., Póczik P., Papp K., Kálmán E. Electrochemical synthesis of carbon nanotubes and microtubes from molten salts. Progress in Molten Salt Chemistry 2000, vol. 1:257-262. Elsevier, Amsterdam.
31. Miklósi J., Póczik P., Sytchev I., Papp K., Kaptay G., Nagy P., Kálmán E. Atomic force microscopy investigation of electrochemically produced carbon nanotubes. Appl. Phys. 2001, A72:S189-S192.
32. Xu Q., Schwandt C., Chen G.Z., Fray D.J. Electrochemical investigation of lithium intercalation into graphite from molten lithium chloride. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2002, 530:16-22.
33. Schwandt C., Dimitrov A.T., Fray D.J. The preparation of nano-structured carbon materials by electrolysis of molten lithium chloride at graphite electrodes. J. Electroanal. Chem. 2010, 647:150-158.
34. Kamali A.R., Schwandt C., Fray D.J. Effect of the graphite electrode material on the characteristics of molten salt electrolytically produced carbon nanomaterials. Mater. Charact. 2011, 62:987-994.
35. Córdoba J.M., Tamayo-Ariztondo J., Molina-Aldareguia J.M., Elizalde M.R., Odén M. Morphology influence of the oxidation kinetics of carbon nanofibers. Corros. Sci. 2009, 51:926-930.
36. Guo W.M., Xiao H.N., Zhang G.J. Kinetics and mechanisms of non-isothermal oxidation of graphite in air. Corros. Sci. 2008, 50:2007-2011.
37. Kamali A.R., Fray D.J., Schwandt C. Thermokinetic characteristics of lithium chloride. J. Therm. Anal. Calorim. 2011, 104:619-626.
38. Singh A.K., Hou X.M., Chou K.C. The oxidation kinetics of multi-walled carbon nanotubes. Corros. Sci. 2010, 52:1771-1776.
39. Lu X.K., Ausman K.D., Piner R.D., Ruoff R.S. Scanning electron microscopy study of carbon nanotubes heated at high temperatures in air. J. Appl. Phys. 1999, 86:186-189.
40. Lanza M., Santangelo S., Messina G., Galvagno S., Milone C. Crystalline quality evaluation of carbon nanotubes by kinetic analysis in quasi-isothermal conditions. Chem. Phys. Chem. 2010, 11:1925-1931.
41. Langford J.I., Wilson A.J.C. Scherrer after sixty years: a survey and some new results in the determination of crystallite size. J. Appl. Cryst. 1978, 11:102-113.
42. McKee D.W., Chatterji D. The catalytic behavior of alkali metal carbonates and oxides in graphite oxidation reactions. Carbon 1975, 13:381-390.