Five assumptions academics make about public deliberation, and why they deserve rethinking

Journal of Public Deliberation

Volumn 7, Issue 1, 2011, Pages

  Lee, Caroline W ^a  

^a LAFAYETTE COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

comparative historical sociology; institutions; public deliberation; social movements; strategic action fields

Indexed keywords

EID: 80455132500     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (145)

1. Armstrong, Elizabeth A. 2002. Forging Gay Identities: Organizing Sexuality in San Francisco, 1950-1994. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
2. Armstrong, Elizabeth A., and Mary Bernstein. 2008. "Culture, Power, and Institutions: A Multi-Institutional Politics Approach to Social Movements." Sociological Theory 26:74-99.
3. Barley, Stephen R., and Gideon Kunda. 1992. "Design and Devotion: Surges of Rational and Normative Ideologies of Control in Managerial Discourse." Administrative Science Quarterly 37:363-399.
4. Barnes, Marian, Janet Newman, and Helen Sullivan. 2007. Power, Participation and Political Renewal: Case Studies in Public Participation. Bristol: The Policy Press.
5. Behn, Robert D. 2001. Rethinking Democratic Accountability. Washington, DC: Brookings Institution Press.
6. Beierle, Thomas C. and Cayford, Jerry. 2002. Democracy in Practice: Public Participation in Environmental Decisions. Washington, DC: Resources for the Future Press.
7. Benhabib, Seyla. 1996. Democracy and Difference: Contesting Boundaries of the Political. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
8. Besson, Samantha, and José Luis Martí, eds. 2006. Deliberative Democracy and its Discontents. Burlington, VT: Ashgate.
9. Bingham, Lisa Blomgren, Tina Nabatchi, and Rosemary O'Leary. 2005. "The New Governance: Practices and Processes for Stakeholder and Citizen Participation in the Work of Government." Public Administration Review 65:547-558. (Pubitemid 41482122)
10. Bonnemann, Tim. 2010. "Does the Budget Puzzle Qualify As 'Deliberative Choice Work'?" Blog post: November 16 (http://www. intellitics.com/blog/2010/11/16/does-the-budget-puzzle-qualify-as-deliberative- choicework/).
11. Boyne, George A., ed. 2006. Public Service Performance: Perspectives on Measurement and Management. New York: Cambridge University Press.
12. Briggs, Xavier de Souza. 2008. Democracy as Problem Solving: Civic Capacity in Communities Across the Globe. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
13. British Columbia. Citizens' Assembly on Electoral Reform. 2004. Final Report: Making Every Vote Count: The Case for Electoral Reform in British Columbia. (www.citizensassembly.bc.ca).
14. Buckley, Stephen. 2010. "OpenGovRadio Today (2/2/10): 'Engagement-Lite' and the OpenGov Dashboard." Blog post: February 2 (http://ustransparency.blogspot.com/2010/02/opengovradio-today-2210-engagement- lite.html).
15. Button, Mark, and David Michael Ryfe. 2005. "What Can We Learn from the Practice of Deliberative Democracy?" Pp. 20-33 in The Deliberative Democracy Handbook: Strategies for Effective Civic Engagement in the Twenty-First Century, edited by J. Gastil and P. Levine. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
16. Carcasson, Martín. 2009. "Occasional Paper 2: Beginning with the End in Mind: A Call for Goal-Driven Deliberative Practice." New York: Public Agenda/Center for Advances in Public Engagement.
17. Carson, Lyn, and Rodolfo Lewanski. 2008. Fostering Citizen Participation Top-Down. International Journal of Public Participation 2:72-83.
18. Charmaz, Kathy. 2006. Constructing Grounded Theory: A Practical Guide through Qualitative Analysis. London: Sage.
19. Chayko, Mary. 2008. Portable Communities: The Social Dynamics of Online and Mobile Connectedness. Albany, NY: SUNY Press.
20. Chen, Katherine. 2009. Enabling Creative Chaos: The Organization Behind the Burning Man Event. Chicago, IL: University of Chicago Press.
21. Crenson, Matthew A. and Benjamin Ginsberg. 2002. Downsizing Democracy. Baltimore, MD: Johns Hopkins University Press.
22. Davenport Institute. 2011. "About the 2011 Public Engagement Grant Program." (http://publicpolicy.pepperdine.edu/davenport-institute/grants/).
23. Deliberative Democracy Consortium. 2008. "Where is Democracy Headed? Research and Practice on Public Deliberation. " Washington, DC: Deliberative Democracy Consortium.
24. Dietz, Thomas, and Paul C. Stern, eds. 2008. Public Participation in Environmental Assessment and Decision Making. Washington, DC: National Research Council.
25. Drexler, Jane M., and Michael Hames-Garcia. 2004. "Disruption and Democracy: Challenges to Consensus and Communication. " The Good Society 13:56-60.
26. Dryzek, John S. 1990. Discursive Democracy: Politics, Policy, and Political Science. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
27. Duffy, Meghan, Amy Binder, and John Skrentny. 2010. "Elite Status and Social Change: Using Field Analysis to Explain Policy Formation and Implementation. " Social Problems 57:49-73.
28. Edelman. 2010. Public Engagement in the Conversation Age: Vol 2. London: Edelman. (http://www.edelman. co.uk/edelman-insights/archive/edelmanpublic- engagement-conversation-age-vol-2).
29. Espeland, Wendy Nelson, and Michael Sauder. 2007. "Rankings and Reactivity: How Public Measures Recreate Social Worlds." American Journal of Sociology 113:1-40.
30. Espeland, Wendy Nelson, and Mitchell L. Stevens. 1998. "Commensuration as a Social Process." Annual Review of Sociology 24:313-343.
31. Esterling, Kevin, Archon Fung, and Taeku Lee. 2010. "The Difference Deliberation Makes: Evaluating the 'Our Budget, Our Economy' Public Deliberation. " Washington, DC: AmericaSpeaks.
32. Ezzamel, Mahmoud, and Hugh Willmott. 1998. "Accounting for Teamwork: A Critical Study of Group-based Systems of Organizational Control." Administrative Science Quarterly 43:358-396.
33. Fischer, Frank. 2004. "Professional Expertise in a Deliberative Democracy: Facilitating Participatory Inquiry." The Good Society 13:21-27.
34. Fligstein, Neil, and Doug McAdam. 2011. "Toward a General Theory of Strategic Action Fields." Sociological Theory 29:1-26.
35. Frederickson, David G., and H. George Frederickson. 2006. Measuring the Performance of the Hollow State. Washington, DC: Georgetown University Press.
36. Fung, Archon. 2004. Empowered Participation: Reinventing Urban Democracy. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
37. -. 2005. "Deliberation Before the Revolution: Toward an Ethics of Deliberative Democracy in an Unjust World." Political Theory 33:397-419. (Pubitemid 40688429)
38. Fung, Archon, and Taeku Lee. 2009. Public Impacts: Evaluating the Outcomes of the California Speaks Statewide Conversation on Health Care Reform. Washington, DC: AmericaSpeaks.
39. Fung, Archon, and Erik Olin Wright, eds. 2003. Deepening Democracy: Institutional Innovations in Empowered Participatory Governance. New York: Verso.
40. Gastil, John. 2008. Political Communication and Deliberation. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage.
41. -. 2009. "Spirito e prassi della deliberazione [The spirit and practice of deliberative democracy]." Deliberativo 112:69-73.
42. ™." Journal of Public Deliberation 6: Article 3.
43. Gastil, John, and Peter Levine, eds. 2005. The Deliberative Democracy Handbook: Strategies for Effective Civic Engagement in the 21st Century. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
44. Gaventa, John, and Gregory Barrett. 2010. "Working Paper 347: So What Difference Does It Make? Mapping the Outcomes of Citizen Engagement." Brighton, UK: Institute of Development Studies.
45. Girard, Monique, and David Stark. 2007. "Socio-Technologies of Assembly: Sense-making and Demonstration in Rebuilding Lower Manhattan. " Pp. 145-176 in Governance and Information Technology: From Electronic Government to Information Government, edited by D. Lazer and V. Mayer-Schoenberger. New York and Oxford: Oxford University Press.
46. Glaser, Barney G., and Anselm Strauss. 1967. The Discovery of Grounded Theory: Strategies of Qualitative Research. Chicago: Aldine Publishing.
47. Glock-Grueneich, Nancy and Sarah Nora Ross. 2008. "Growing the Field: The Institutional, Theoretical, and Conceptual Maturation of 'Public Participation'". International Journal of Public Participation 2:1-32.
48. Goldman, Joe and Lars Hasselblad Torres. 2004. "Inventory of Major Deliberative Methods in the United States." Washington, DC: AmericaSpeaks. Retrieved January 7, 2007 (http://www.americaspeaks.org/library/del-methods- matrix-as.pdf).
49. Goodstein, Laurie. 2006. "A Pulpit Online for Critics of 'The Da Vinci Code' Film." The New York Times, February 6.
50. Gross, Neil, Thomas Medvetz, and Rupert Russell. 2011. "The Contemporary American Conservative Movement." Annual Review of Sociology 37:325-354.
51. Habermas, Jürgen. 1989. The Structural Transformation of the Public Sphere. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
52. Handler, Joel F. 1996. Down from Bureaucracy: The Ambiguity of Privatization and Empowerment. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
53. Harrington, Christine. 1988. "Regulatory Reform: Creating Gaps and Making Markets." Law & Policy 10:293-316.
54. Harrington, Christine B., and Sally Engle Merry. 1988. "Ideological Production: The Making of Community Mediation. " Law & Society Review 22:709-736.
55. Haydu, Jeffrey, and Caroline Lee. 2004. "Model Employers and Good Government in the Late 19th and Late 20th Centuries." Sociological Forum 19:177-202. (Pubitemid 38881925)
56. Heierbacher, Sandy. 2011. "Summary of NCDD Survey on Race Dialogue-and Next Steps." Blog post: January 16 (http://ncdd.org/3498).
57. Hendriks, Carolyn M. 2006. "Integrated Deliberation: Reconciling Civil Society's Dual Role in Deliberative Democracy." Political Studies 54:486-508. (Pubitemid 44327635)
58. -. 2008. "The Social Context of Public Deliberation: Letting Practice Shape Theory." International Journal of Public Participation 2:87-91.
59. -. 2009. "Deliberative Governance in the Context of Power." Policy & Society 28:173-184.
60. Hendriks, Carolyn M., and Lyn Carson. 2008. "Can the Market Help the Forum? Negotiating the Commercialization of Deliberative Democracy." Policy Sciences 41:293-313.
61. Hochschild, Arlie. 2001. The Time Bind: When Work Becomes Home and Home Becomes Work. New York: Owl Books.
62. Holman, Peggy, Tom Devane, and Steven Cady. 2007. The Change Handbook, 2nd ed. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler Publishers, Inc.
63. Jacobs, Lawrence R., Fay Lomax Cook, and Michael X. Delli Carpini. 2009. Talking Together: Public Deliberation and Political Participation in America. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
64. Journal of Public Deliberation. 2010. "Aims & Scope." (http://services.bepress.com/jpd/aimsandscope.html).
65. Kadlec, Allison, and Will Friedman. 2007. "Deliberative Democracy and the Problem of Power." Journal of Public Deliberation 3: Article 8.
66. Kelleher, Christine A., and Susan Webb Yackee. 2008. "A Political Consequence of Contracting: Organized Interests and State Agency Decision Making." Journal of Public Administration Research and Theory 19:579-602.
67. Koller, Andreas. 2010. "The Public Sphere and Comparative Historical Research." Social Science History 34:261-290.
68. Konieczka, Stephen P. 2010. "Practicing a Participatory Presidency? An Analysis of the Obama Administration's Open Government Dialogue." International Journal of Public Participation 4:43-66.
69. Kreiss, Daniel. 2009. "The Whole World is Networking: Crafting Networked Politics from Howard Dean to Barack Obama." Paper presented at the Society for Social Studies of Science Annual Meeting, Washington, D. C. October 29.
70. Kuran, Timur. 1998. "Insincere Deliberation and Democratic Failure." Critical Review 12:529-544. (Pubitemid 128773849)
71. Layzer, Judith A. 2008. Natural Experiments: Ecosystem-Based Management and the Environment. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.
72. Lee, Caroline W. 2007. "Is There a Place for Private Conversation in Public Dialogue? Comparing Stakeholder Assessments of Informal Communication in Collaborative Regional Planning." American Journal of Sociology 113:41-96.
73. -. 2009. "Public Engagement Professionals in 'Enemy' Institutions: The Politics and Performance of Agency in Institutional Work." Unpublished manuscript.
74. Lee, Caroline W., and Elizabeth Long Lingo. 2011. "The 'Got Art?' Paradox: Questioning the Value of Art in Collective Action. " Poetics 39:316-335.
75. Lee, Caroline W., Michael McQuarrie, and Edward Walker. 2009. "Democratizing Inequalities: Participation without Parity?" (www.democratizinginequalities.com).
76. Leighninger, Matt. 2006. The Next Form of Democracy. Nashville: Vanderbilt University Press.
77. -. 2009. "Funding and Fostering Local Democracy: What Philanthropy Should Know about the Emerging Field of Deliberation and Democratic Governance." Denver, CO: Philanthropy for Active Civic Engagement.
78. -. 2010. "Creating Spaces for Change: Working Toward a 'Story of Now' in Public Engagement." Battle Creek, MI: W. K. Kellogg Foundation.
79. Levine, Peter. 2010. "A Map of the Civic Renewal Field." Blog post: October 25 (http://peterlevine.ws/?p=6024).
80. -. 2009. "Collaborative Problem-Solving: The Fake Corporate Version. " Blog post: January 27 (http://peterlevine.ws/?p=5615).
81. Levine, Peter, Fung, Archon, and John Gastil. 2005. "Future Directions for Public Deliberation. " Journal of Public Deliberation 1: Article 3.
82. Lukensmeyer, Carolyn. 2007. "Large-Scale Citizen Engagement and the Rebuilding of New Orleans: A Case Study." National Civic Review 96:3-15.
83. -. 2009. "Top 10-AmericaSpeaks' Best in 2009." Email listserv communication, December 22.
84. -. 2011. "Perspectives and History on an Important Step Forward." Email listserv communication, July 26.
85. Mansbridge, Jane. 1980. Beyond Adversary Democracy. New York: Basic Books.
86. -. 2003. "Practice-Thought-Practice." Pp. 175-199 in Deepening Democracy: Institutional Innovations in Empowered Participatory Governance, edited by A. Fung and E. O. Wright. New York: Verso.
87. McAdam, Doug. 1988. Freedom Summer. New York: Oxford University Press.
88. McCamish, Thornton. 2008. "Book Review: Pushing for the Power of Now." The Age, July 13. Melbourne.
89. McCann, Michael. 2008. "Dr. Strangelove (or How I Learned to Stop Worrying and Love Methodology)." Studies in Law, Politics and Society 41:19-59.
90. McQuarrie, Michael. 2007. "Backyard Revolution to Neoliberalism: Community Development, Civil Society, and the American Third Way." Ph. D dissertation, NYU Sociology Department.
91. Medvetz, Thomas. 2008. "Think Tanks as an Emergent Field." New York: Social Science Research Council.
92. Menkel-Meadow, Carrie. 2006. "Exploring a Research Agenda of the Feminization of the Legal Profession: Theories of Gender and Social Change." Law & Social Inquiry 14:289-319.
93. Merry, Sally E. 2000. "Crossing Boundaries: Ethnography in the Twenty-First Century." PoLAR: The Political and Legal Anthropology Review 23:127-133.
94. Meyer, Marshall W. 2002. Rethinking Performance Measurement: Beyond the Balanced Scorecard. New York: Cambridge University Press.
95. Mills, Joel. 2007. "Designer Democracy and the Future of National Renewal." Paper presented at Global Democracy Conference, Longwood University.
96. Mizruchi, Mark S., and Lisa C Fein. 1999. "The Social Construction of Organizational Knowledge: A Study of the Uses of Coercive, Mimetic, and Normative Isomorphism." Administrative Science Quarterly 44:653-83.
97. Molotch, Harvey. 1976. "The City as a Growth Machine." American Journal of Sociology 82:309-332.
98. Morrill, Calvin, and Jason Owen-Smith. 2002. "The Emergence of Environmental Conflict Resolution: Subversive Stories and the Construction of Collective Action Frames and Organizational Fields." Pp. 90-118 in Organizations, Policy, and the Natural Environment: Institutional and Strategic Perspectives, edited by M. Ventresca and A. Hoffman. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press.
99. Mutz, Diana. 2008. "Is Deliberative Democracy a Falsifiable Theory?" Annual Review of Political Science 11:521-38.
100. Nabatchi, Tina. 2010. "Deliberative Democracy and Citizenship: In Search of the Efficacy Effect." Journal of Public Deliberation 6: Article 8.
101. National Coalition for Dialogue & Deliberation (NCDD), the International Association for Public Participaction (IAP2), the Co-Intelligence Institute, and others. 2009. "Core Principles for Public Engagement." (www.ncdd.org/pep/).
102. Northwest Local Health Integration Network. 2009. "Share Your Story, Shape Your Care Community Engagement Initiative: Summary Report." Ontario Local Health Integration Network.
103. Open Government Partnership. 2011. "Secretary Clinton and Brazilian Foreign Minister to Launch Open Government Partnership on July 12." Media note (http://www.opengovpartnership.org/press/).
104. Owen, Harrison. 1997. Open Space Technology: A User's Guide. San Francisco: Berrett-Koehler.
105. Pacewicz, Josh. 2011. "The Linked Autonomy of Economic and Civic Life." Unpublished paper.
106. Papadopoulos, Yannis, and Philippe Warin. 2007. "Are Innovative, Participatory, and Deliberative Procedures in Policy Making Democratic and Effective?" European Journal of Political Research 46:445-472.
107. Perrin, Andrew J. 2006. Citizen Speak: The Democratic Imagination in American Life. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
108. Polletta, Francesca. 2002. Freedom is an Endless Meeting: Democracy in American Social Movements. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
109. -. 2006. "Mobilization Forum: Awkward Movements." Mobilization 11:475-500.
110. -. 2008. "Just Talk: Public Deliberation after 9/11." Journal of Public Deliberation 4: Article 2.
111. Polletta, Francesca, and John Lee. 2006. "Is Telling Stories Good for Democracy? Rhetoric in Public Deliberation after 9/11." American Sociological Review 71:699-723. (Pubitemid 44782403)
112. Powell, Walter W., and Paul J. DiMaggio. 1991. "The Iron Cage Revisited: Institutional Isomorphism and Collective Rationality in Organizational Fields." Pp. 63-82 in The New Institutionalism in Organizational Analysis, edited by W. W. Powell and P. J. DiMaggio. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
113. Radin, Beryl A. 2006. Challenging the Performance Movement: Accountability, Complexity, and Democratic Values. Washington, DC. Georgetown University Press.
114. Reskin, Barbara F., and Patricia A. Roos. 1990. Job Queues, Gender Queues: Explaining Women's Inroads into Male Occupations. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
115. Roberts, Carl W., ed. 1997. Text Analysis for the Social Sciences: Methods for Drawing Statistical Inferences from Texts and Transcripts. Mahway, NJ: Erlbaum.
116. Ryfe, David M. 2002. "The Practice of Deliberative Democracy: A Study of 16 Deliberative Organizations." Political Communication 19:359-377. (Pubitemid 36761300)
117. -. 2005. "Does Deliberative Democracy Work?" Annual Review of Political Science 8:49-71. (Pubitemid 40977447)
118. -. 2007. "Toward a Sociology of Deliberation. " Journal of Public Deliberation 3: Article 3.
119. -. 2010. "Comment: A Step Forward on a Vital Issue." Journal of Public Deliberation 6: Article 2.
120. Sanders, Lynn M. 1997. "Against Deliberation. " Political Theory 25:347-364.
121. Scheppele, Kim Lane. 2004. "Constitutional Ethnography." Law and Society Review 38:389-406.
122. Schneiderhan, Erik, and Shamus Khan. 2008. "Reasons and Inclusion: The Foundation of Deliberation. " Sociological Theory 26:1-24.
123. Senger, Jeffrey M. 2003. Federal Dispute Resolution: Using ADR with the United States Government. San Francisco: Jossey Bass.
124. Shih, Tse-Hua, and Xitao Fan. 2008. "Comparing Response Rates from Web and Mail Surveys: A Meta-Analysis." Field Methods 20:249-271.
125. Silver, Hilary, Alan Scott, and Yuri Kazepov. 2010. "Participation in Urban Contention and Deliberation. " International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 34:453-477.
126. Sirianni, Carmen, and Lewis Friedland. 2001. Civic Innovation in America. Berkeley: University of California Press.
127. Small, Mario Luis. 2008. "Lost in Translation: How Not to Make Qualitative Research More Scientific." National Science Foundation. Pp. 165-71 in Workshop on Interdisciplinary Standards for Systematic Qualitative Research, edited by M. Lamont and P. White. Washington, DC: National Science Foundation.
128. -. 2011. "How to Conduct a Mixed Methods Study: Recent Trends in a Rapidly Growing Literature." Annual Review of Sociology 37:57-86.
129. Snider, J. H. 2010. "Deterring Fake Public Participation. " International Journal of Public Participation 4:90-102.
130. Snow, David A. 2004. "Social Movements as Challenges to Authority: Resistance to an Emerging Conceptual Hegemony." Pp. 3-25 in Authority in Contention: Research in Social Movements, Conflict, and Change, edited by D. J. Meyers and D. M. Cress. New York: Elsevier. (Pubitemid 39752694)
131. Soule, Sarah A. 2009. Contention and Corporate Social Responsibility. New York: Cambridge University Press.
132. Staggenborg, Suzanne, and Verta Taylor. 2005. "Whatever Happened to the Women's Movement?" Mobilization 10:37-52. (Pubitemid 43965440)
133. Stavros, Jackie, and Gina Hinrichs. 2007. "SOARing to High and Engaging Performance: An Appreciative Approach to Strategy." AI Practitioner August:1-3.
134. Thomas, Nancy L., and Matt Leighninger. 2010. "No Better Time: A 2010 Report on Opportunities and Challenges for Deliberative Democracy." The Deliberative Democracy Consortium and the Democracy Imperative. (www.deliberative-democracy.net).
135. Turner, Fred. 2006. From Counterculture to Cyberculture: Stewart Brand, the Whole Earth Network, and the Rise of Digital Utopianism. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
136. Vogel, David. 1989. Fluctuating Fortunes. New York: Basic.
137. Walker, Edward T. 2009. "Privatizing Participation: Civic Change and the Organizational Dynamics of Grassroots Lobbying Firms." American Sociological Review 74:83-105.
138. Walsh, Katherine Cramer. 2007. Talking about Race: Community Dialogues and the Politics of Difference. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
139. Weber, Robert Philip. 1990. Basic Content Analysis. Newbury Park, CA: Sage.
140. Whalen, Jack, and Richard Flacks. 1990. Beyond the Barricades: The Sixties Generation Grows Up. Philadelphia: Temple University Press.
141. Wolin, Sheldon S. 2008. Democracy, Inc.: Managed Democracy and the Specter of Inverted Totalitarianism. Princeton: Princeton University Press.
142. Wolz, Chris. 2011. "Room for Progress in Online Participation for Open Government." Blog post: March 16 (http://www.forumone.com/blogs/post/ room-progress-online-participation-open-government-timbonnemann-sxswi).
143. Wright, Rosemary, and Jerry A. Jacobs. 1994. "Male Flight from Computer Work: A New Look at Occupational Resegregation and Ghettoization. " American Sociological Review 59:511-536.
144. Young, Iris Marion. 2000. Inclusion and Democracy. New York: Oxford University Press.
145. Zald, Mayer N., and John D. McCarthy. 1980. "Social Movement Industries: Competition and Cooperation among Movement Organizations." Research in Social Movements, Conflict, and Change 3:1-20.