Glutamine as an immunonutrient

Yonsei Medical Journal

Volumn 52, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 892-897

  Kim, Hyeyoung ^a,b  

^a Yonsei University   (South Korea)

^b Yonsei University College of Medicine   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Critical illness; Glutamine; Immune dysfunction; Malnutrition

Indexed keywords

ARGININE; GLUTAMINE; GLUTATHIONE; HEAT SHOCK PROTEIN; TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4;

CROHN DISEASE; DIET SUPPLEMENTATION; DISEASE SEVERITY; DOWN REGULATION; HEMATOPOIETIC STEM CELL TRANSPLANTATION; HUMAN; INSULIN RESISTANCE; INTENSIVE CARE UNIT; INTESTINE MUCOSA; MALNUTRITION; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; REVIEW; SEPSIS; SHORT BOWEL SYNDROME; TOTAL PARENTERAL NUTRITION;

ANIMALS; CRITICAL ILLNESS; GLUTAMINE; HUMANS; IMMUNITY; INFLAMMATION; MALNUTRITION;

EID: 80054984946     PISSN: 05135796     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3349/ymj.2011.52.6.892     Document Type: Review

References (58)

1. Kudsk KA, Minard G, Croce MA, Brown RO, Lowrey TS, Pritchard FE, et al. A randomized trial of isonitrogenous enteral diets after severe trauma. An immune-enhancing diet reduces septic complications. Ann Surg 1996;224:531-40.
2. Koletzko S. Progress of enteral feeding practice over time: moving from energy supply to patient- and disease-adapted formulations. Nestle Nutr Workshop Ser Pediatr Program 2010;66:41-54.
3. Kudsk KA, Croce MA, Fabian TC, Minard G, Tolley EA, Poret HA, et al. Enteral versus parenteral feeding. Effects on septic morbidity after blunt and penetrating abdominal trauma. Ann Surg 1992;215:503-11.
4. Alivizatos V, Athanasopoulos P, Makris N, Karageorgos N. Early postoperative glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition versus enteral immunonutrition in cancer patients undergoing major gastrointestinal surgery. J BUON 2005;10:119-22.
5. Słotwiński R, Słotwińska S, Kedziora S, Bałan BJ. Innate immunity signaling pathways: links between immunonutrition and responses to sepsis. Arch Immunol Ther Exp (Warsz) 2011;59:139-50.
6. Kurmis R, Parker A, Greenwood J. The use of immunonutrition in burn injury care: where are we? J Burn Care Res 2010;31:677-91.
7. Mizock BA. Immunonutrition and critical illness: an update. Nutrition 2010;26:701-7.
8. Kudsk KA. Immunonutrition in surgery and critical care. Annu Rev Nutr 2006;26:463-79.
9. Beisel WR. History of nutritional immunology: introduction and overview. J Nutr 1992;122:591-6.
10. Grimble RF. Immunonutrition. Curr Opin Gastroenterol 2005; 21:216-22.
11. Souba WW. Glutamine: a key substrate for the splanchnic bed. Annu Rev Nutr 1991;11:285-308.
12. Wilmore DW, Smith RJ, O'Dwyer ST, Jacobs DO, Ziegler TR, Wang XD. The gut: a central organ after surgical stress. Surgery 1988;104:917-23.
13. Windmueller HG, Spaeth AE. Uptake and metabolism of plasma infecglutamine by the small intestine. J Biol Chem 1974;249:5070-9.
14. Lacey JM, Wilmore DW. Is glutamine a conditionally essential amino acid? Nutr Rev 1990;48:297-309.
15. Brasse-Lagnel CG, Lavoinne AM, Husson AS. Amino acid regulation of mammalian gene expression in the intestine. Biochimie 2010;92:729-35.
16. Gstraunthaler G, Landauer F, Pfaller W. Ammoniagenesis in LLC-PK1 cultures: role of transamination. Am J Physiol 1992;263:C47-C54.
17. Wischmeyer PE. Glutamine: mode of action in critical illness. Crit Care Med 2007;35:S541-S544.
18. Rhoads JM, Argenzio RA, Chen W, Rippe RA, Westwick JK, Cox AD, et al. L-glutamine stimulates intestinal cell proliferation and activates mitogen-activated protein kinases. Am J Physiol 1997;272:G943-G953.
19. Huang Y, Shao XM, Neu J. Immunonutrients and neonates. Eur J Pediatr 2003;162:122-8.
20. Wessner B, Strasser EM, Spittler A, Roth E. Effect of single and combined supply of glutamine, glycine, N-acetylcysteine, and R,S-alpha-lipoic acid on glutathione content of myelomonocytic cells. Clin Nutr 2003;22:515-22.
21. Cetinbas F, Yelken B, Gulbas Z. Role of glutamine administration on cellular immunity after total parenteral nutrition enriched with glutamine in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Crit Care 2010;25:661.E1-E6.
22. dos Santos RG, Viana ML, Generoso SV, Arantes RE, Davisson Correia MI, Cardoso VN. Glutamine supplementation decreases intestinal permeability and preserves gut mucosa integrity in an experimental mouse model. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2010; 34:408-13.
23. Andrews FJ, Griffiths RD. Glutamine: essential for immune nutrition in the critically ill. Br J Nutr 2002;87 Suppl 1:S3-S8.
24. Xu J, Yunshi Z, Li R. Immunonutrition in surgical patients. Curr Drug Targets 2009;10:771-7.
25. Klek S. Immunonutrition in cancer patients. Nutrition 2011;27: 144-5.
26. Ziegler TR, Young LS, Benfell K, Scheltinga M, Hortos K, Bye R, et al. Clinical and metabolic efficacy of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition after bone marrow transplantation. A randomized, double-blind, controlled study. Ann Intern Med 1992;116: 821-8.
27. van Zaanen HC, van der Lelie H, Timmer JG, Fürst P, Sauerwein HP. Parenteral glutamine dipeptide supplementation does not ameliorate chemotherapy-induced toxicity. Cancer 1994;74:2879-84.
28. Noé JE. L-glutamine use in the treatment and prevention of mucositis and cachexia: a naturopathic perspective. Integr Cancer Ther 2009;8:409-15.
29. Izaola O, de Luis DA, Cuellar L, Terroba MC, Ventosa M, Martin T, et al. Influence of an immuno-enhanced formula in postsurgical ambulatory patients with head and neck cancer. Nutr Hosp 2010; 25:793-6.
30. Singleton KD, Serkova N, Beckey VE, Wischmeyer PE. Glutamine attenuates lung injury and improves survival after sepsis: role of enhanced heat shock protein expression. Crit Care Med 2005;33:1206-13.
31. O'Riordain MG, De Beaux A, Fearon KC. Effect of glutamine on immune function in the surgical patient. Nutrition 1996;12:S82-4.
32. Lu CY, Shih YL, Sun LC, Chuang JF, Ma CJ, Chen FM, et al. The inflammatory modulation effect of glutamine-enriched total parenteral nutrition in postoperative gastrointestinal cancer patients. Am Surg 2011;77:59-64.
33. Lecleire S, Hassan A, Marion-Letellier R, Antonietti M, Savoye G, Bôle-Feysot C, et al. Combined glutamine and arginine decrease proinflammatory cytokine production by biopsies from Crohn's patients in association with changes in nuclear factor-kappaB and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathways. J Nutr 2008;138: 2481-6.
34. Ziegler TR, Ogden LG, Singleton KD, Luo M, Fernandez-Estivariz C, Griffith DP, et al. Parenteral glutamine increases serum heat shock protein 70 in critically ill patients. Intensive Care Med 2005;31:1079-86.
35. Singleton KD, Serkova N, Beckey VE, Wischmeyer PE. Glutamine attenuates lung injury and improves survival after sepsis: role of enhanced heat shock protein expression. Crit Care Med 2005;33:1206-13.
36. van de Poll MC, Ligthart-Melis GC, Boelens PG, Deutz NE, van Leeuwen PA, Dejong CH. Intestinal and hepatic metabolism of glutamine and citrulline in humans. J Physiol 2007;581:819-27.
37. van de Poll MC, Siroen MP, van Leeuwen PA, Soeters PB, Melis GC, Boelens PG, et al. Interorgan amino acid exchange in humans: consequences for arginine and citrulline metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 2007;85:167-72.
38. Déchelotte P, Hasselmann M, Cynober L, Allaouchiche B, Coëffier M, Hecketsweiler B, et al. L-alanyl-L-glutamine dipeptide-supplemented total parenteral nutrition reduces infectious complications and glucose intolerance in critically ill patients: the French controlled, randomized, double-blind, multicenter study. Crit Care Med 2006;34:598-604.
39. Cario E, Rosenberg IM, Brandwein SL, Beck PL, Reinecker HC, Podolsky DK. Lipopolysaccharide activates distinct signaling pathways in intestinal epithelial cell lines expressing Toll-like receptors. J Immunol 2000;164:966-72.
40. Kessel A, Toubi E, Pavlotzky E, Mogilner J, Coran AG, Lurie M, et al. Treatment with glutamine is associated with down-regulation of Toll-like receptor-4 and myeloid differentiation factor 88 expression and decrease in intestinal mucosal injury caused by lipopolysaccharide endotoxaemia in a rat. Clin Exp Immunol 2008; 151:341-7.
41. Abreu MT, Vora P, Faure E, Thomas LS, Arnold ET, Arditi M. Decreased expression of Toll-like receptor-4 and MD-2 correlates with intestinal epithelial cell protection against dysregulated proinflammatory gene expression in response to bacterial lipopolysaccharide. J Immunol 2001;167:1609-16.
42. Boelens PG, Melis GC, van Leeuwen PA, ten Have GA, Deutz NE. Route of administration (enteral or parenteral) affects the contribution of L-glutamine to de novo L-arginine synthesis in mice: a stable-isotope study. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2006;291: E683-90.
43. Haynes TE, Li P, Li X, Shimotori K, Sato H, Flynn NE, et al. L-Glutamine or L-alanyl-L-glutamine prevents oxidant- or endotoxin- induced death of neonatal enterocytes. Amino Acids 2009;37: 131-42.
44. Ligthart-Melis GC, van de Poll MC, Dejong CH, Boelens PG, Deutz NE, van Leeuwen PA. The route of administration (enteral or parenteral) affects the conversion of isotopically labeled L-[2-15N]glutamine into citrulline and arginine in humans. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 2007;31:343-48.
45. Fuentes-Orozco C, Anaya-Prado R, González-Ojeda A, Arenas-Márquez H, Cabrera-Pivaral C, Cervantes-Guevara G, et al. L-alanyl- L-glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition improves infec tious morbidity in secondary peritonitis. Clin Nutr 2004;23:13-21.
46. Loï C, Zazzo JF, Delpierre E, Niddam C, Neveux N, Curis E, et al. Increasing plasma glutamine in postoperative patients fed an arginine-rich immune-enhancing diet--a pharmacokinetic randomized controlled study. Crit Care Med 2009;37:501-9.
47. Sevastiadou S, Malamitsi-Puchner A, Costalos C, Skouroliakou M, Briana DD, Antsaklis A, et al. The impact of oral glutamine supplementation on the intestinal permeability and incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis/septicemia in premature neonates. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med 2011. [Epub ahead of print]
48. Houdijk AP, Rijnsburger ER, Jansen J, Wesdorp RI, Weiss JK, McCamish MA, et al. Randomised trial of glutamine-enriched enteral nutrition on infectious morbidity in patients with multiple trauma. Lancet 1998;352:772-6.
49. Wernerman J, Kirketeig T, Andersson B, Berthelson H, Ersson A, Friberg H, et al. Scandinavian glutamine trial: a pragmatic multi-centre randomised clinical trial of intensive care unit patients. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2011;55:812-818.
50. Cetinbas F, Yelken B, Gulbas Z. Role of glutamine administration on cellular immunity after total parenteral nutrition enriched with glutamine in patients with systemic inflammatory response syndrome. J Crit Care 2010;25:661.E1-E6.
51. Oudemans-van Straaten HM, Bosman RJ, Treskes M, van der Spoel HJ, Zandstra DF. Plasma glutamine depletion and patient outcome in acute ICU admissions. Intensive Care Med 2001; 27:84-90.
52. Novak F, Heyland DK, Avenell A, Drover JW, Su X. Glutamine supplementation in serious illness: a systematic review of the evidence. Crit Care Med 2002;30:2022-9.
53. Schloerb PR, Amare M. Total parenteral nutrition with glutamine in bone marrow transplantation and other clinical applications (a randomized, double-blind study). JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1993;17:407-13.
54. Scolapio JS. Treatment of short-bowel syndrome. Curr Opin Clin Nutr Metab Care 2001;4:557-60.
55. Coëffier M, Marion-Letellier R, Déchelotte P. Potential for amino acids supplementation during inflammatory bowel diseases. Inflamm Bowel Dis 2010;16:518-24.
56. Lacey JM, Crouch JB, Benfell K, Ringer SA, Wilmore CK, Maguire D, et al. The effects of glutamine-supplemented parenteral nutrition in premature infants. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 1996; 20:74-80.
57. Wang Y, Tao YX, Cai W, Tang QY, Feng Y, Wu J. Protective effect of parenteral glutamine supplementation on hepatic function in very low birth weight infants. Clin Nutr 2010;29:307-11.
58. Cohen-Wolkowiez M, Benjamin DK Jr, Capparelli E. Immunotherapy in neonatal sepsis: advances in treatment and prophylaxis. Curr Opin Pediatr 2009;21:177-81.