The long-term results of using low-concentration atropine eye drops for controlling myopia progression in schoolchildren

Journal of Ocular Pharmacology and Therapeutics

Volumn 27, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 461-466

  Wu, Pei Chang ^a   Yang, Yi Hsin ^b   Fang, Po Chiung ^a  

^a CHANG GUNG UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

^b KAOHSIUNG MEDICAL UNIVERSITY   (Taiwan)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ATROPINE;

ARTICLE; CASE CONTROL STUDY; CHILD; CONTROLLED STUDY; DISEASE ASSOCIATION; DISEASE CONTROL; DISEASE COURSE; DRUG EFFICACY; FEMALE; HUMAN; LONG TERM CARE; MAJOR CLINICAL STUDY; MALE; MYOPIA; RETROSPECTIVE STUDY; SCHOOL CHILD;

ADMINISTRATION, OPHTHALMIC; ATROPINE; CASE-CONTROL STUDIES; CHILD; DISEASE PROGRESSION; FEMALE; FOLLOW-UP STUDIES; HUMANS; MALE; MULTIVARIATE ANALYSIS; MYDRIATICS; MYOPIA; OPHTHALMIC SOLUTIONS; RETROSPECTIVE STUDIES;

EID: 80054852388     PISSN: 10807683     EISSN: 15577732     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1089/jop.2011.0027     Document Type: Article

References (45)

1. Liang, Y.B., Wong, T.Y., Sun, L.P., Tao, Q.S., Wang, J.J., Yang, X.H., Xiong, Y., Wang, N.L., and Friedman, D.S. Refractive errors in a rural Chinese adult population the Handan eye study. Ophthalmology 116:2119-2127, 2009.
2. Lin, L.L., Shih, Y.F., Hsiao, C.K., Chen, C.J., Lee, L.A., and Hung, P.T. Epidemiologic study of the prevalence and severity of myopia among schoolchildren in Taiwan in 2000. J Formos. Med. Assoc. 100:684-691, 2001. (Pubitemid 33114695)
3. Vitale, S., Sperduto, R.D., and Ferris, F.L., 3rd. Increased prevalence of myopia in the United States between 1971-1972 and 1999-2004. Arch. Ophthalmol. 127:1632-1639, 2009.
4. Saw, S.M., Carkeet, A., Chia, K.S., Stone, R.A., and Tan, D.T. Component dependent risk factors for ocular parameters in Singapore Chinese children. Ophthalmology 109:2065-2071, 2002. (Pubitemid 35222562)
5. Shih, Y.F., Chen, C.H., Chou, A.C., Ho, T.C., Lin, L.L., and Hung, P.T. Effects of different concentrations of atropine on controlling myopia in myopic children. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 15:85-90, 1999. (Pubitemid 29072597)
6. Tan, D.T., Lam, D.S., Chua, W.H., Shu-Ping, D.F., and Crockett, R.S. One-year multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel safety and efficacy study of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia. Ophthalmology 112:84-91, 2005. (Pubitemid 40075324)
7. Wong, T.Y., Foster, P.J., Hee, J., Ng, T.P., Tielsch, J.M., Chew, S.J., Johnson, G.J., and Seah, S.K. Prevalence and risk factors for refractive errors in adult Chinese in Singapore. Invest Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 41:2486-2494, 2000. (Pubitemid 30624374)
8. Hsu, W.M., Cheng, C.Y., Liu, J.H., Tsai, S.Y., and Chou, P. Prevalence and causes of visual impairment in an elderly Chinese population in Taiwan: The Shihpai Eye Study. Ophthalmology 111:62-69, 2004. (Pubitemid 38032211)
9. Iwase, A., Araie, M., Tomidokoro, A., Yamamoto, T., Shimizu, H., and Kitazawa, Y. Prevalence and causes of low vision and blindness in a Japanese adult population: The Tajimi Study. Ophthalmology 113:1354-1362, 2006.
10. Xu, L., Wang, Y., Li, Y., Cui, T., Li, J., and Jonas, J.B. Causes of blindness and visual impairment in urban and rural areas in Beijing: The Beijing Eye Study. Ophthalmology 113:1134.e1-1134.e11, 2006.
11. Pruett, R.C. Complications associated with posterior staphyloma. Curr. Opin. Ophthalmol. 9:16-22, 1998. (Pubitemid 28379963)
12. Saw, S.M., Gazzard, G., Shih-Yen, E.C., and Chua, W.H. Myopia and associated pathological complications. Ophthalmic Physiol. Opt. 25:381-391, 2005. (Pubitemid 41710971)
13. Saw, S.M. How blinding is pathological myopia? Br. J. Ophthalmol. 90:525-526, 2006.
14. Gwiazda, J., Hyman, L., Dong, L.M., Everett, D., Norton, T., Kurtz, D., Manny, R., Marsh-Tootle, W., and Scheiman, M. Factors associated with high myopia after 7 years of followup in the Correction of Myopia Evaluation Trial (COMET) Cohort. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 14:230-237, 2007. (Pubitemid 47493729)
15. Saw, S.M., Tong, L., Chua, W.H., Chia,K.S., Koh,D., Tan,D.T., and Katz, J. Incidence and progression of myopia in Singaporean school children. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 46:51-57, 2005. (Pubitemid 40041178)
16. Adams, A.J., Baldwin, W., Biederman, I., Curtin, B.J., Ebenholtz, S.M., Goss, D.A., Seddon, J.M., Wallman, J, eds. Myopia: Prevalence and Progression. Washington, DC: National Academy Press; 1989.
17. Tan, N.W., Saw, S.M., Lam, D.S., Cheng, H.M., Rajan, U., and Chew, S.J. Temporal variations in myopia progression in Singaporean children within an academic year. Optom. Vis. Sci. 77:465-472, 2000.
18. Goss, D.A., and Winkler, R.L. Progression of myopia in youth: Age of cessation. Am. J. Optom. Physiol. Opt. 60:651-658, 1983. (Pubitemid 13003861)
19. Braun, C.I., Freidlin, V., Sperduto, R.D., Milton, R.C., and Strahlman, E.R. The progression of myopia in school age children: Data from the Columbia Medical Plan. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 3:13-21, 1996. (Pubitemid 26098607)
20. Jensen, H. Myopia in teenagers. An eight-year follow-up study on myopia progression and risk factors. Acta. Ophthalmol. Scand. 73:389-393, 1995.
21. Liang, C.L., Yen, E., Su, J.Y., Liu, C., Chang, T.Y., Park, N., Wu, M.J., Lee, S., Flynn, J.T., and Juo, S.H. Impact of family history of high myopia on level and onset of myopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 45:3446-3452, 2004. (Pubitemid 39298561)
22. Cho, P., Cheung, S.W., and Edwards, M. The longitudinal orthokeratology research in children (LORIC) in Hong Kong: A pilot study on refractive changes and myopic control. Curr. Eye Res. 30:71-80, 2005. (Pubitemid 40327693)
23. Siatkowski, R.M., Cotter, S., Miller, J.M., Scher, C.A., Crockett, R.S., and Novack, G.D. Safety and efficacy of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia: A 1-year, multicenter, double-masked, placebo-controlled parallel study. Arch. Ophthalmol. 122:1667-1674, 2004. (Pubitemid 39473412)
24. Siatkowski, R.M., Cotter, S.A., Crockett, R.S., Miller, J.M., Novack, G.D., and Zadnik, K. Two-year multicenter, randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel safety and efficacy study of 2% pirenzepine ophthalmic gel in children with myopia. J AAPOS 12:332-339, 2008.
25. Saw, S.M., Shih-Yen, E.C., Koh, A., and Tan, D. Interventions to retard myopia progression in children: An evidencebased update. Ophthalmology 109:415-421; discussion 422-414; quiz 425-416, 443, 2002. (Pubitemid 34184903)
26. Shih, Y.F., Hsiao, C.K., Chen, C.J., Chang, C.W., Hung, P.T., and Lin, L.L. An intervention trial on efficacy of atropine and multi-focal glasses in controlling myopic progression. Acta. Ophthalmol. Scand. 79:233-236, 2001. (Pubitemid 32577304)
27. Chua, W.H., Balakrishnan, V., Chan, Y.H., Tong, L., Ling, Y., Quah, B.L., and Tan, D. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia. Ophthalmology 113:2285-2291, 2006. (Pubitemid 44838909)
28. Lee, J.J., Fang, P.C., Yang, I.H., Chen, C.H., Lin, P.W., Lin, S.A., Kuo, H.K., and Wu, P.C. Prevention of myopia progression with 0.05% atropine solution. J. Ocul. Pharmacol. Ther. 22:41-46, 2006.
29. Fan, D.S., Cheung, E.Y., Lai, R.Y., Kwok, A.K., and Lam, D.S. Myopia progression among preschool Chinese children in Hong Kong. Ann. Acad. Med. Singapore 33:39-43, 2004. (Pubitemid 38478107)
30. Saw, S.M., Gazzard, G., Au Eong, K.G., and Tan, D.T. Myopia: Attempts to arrest progression. Br. J. Ophthalmol. 86:1306-1311, 2002. (Pubitemid 35238620)
31. Bedrossian, R.H. The effect of atropine on myopia. Ophthalmology 86:713-719, 1979.
32. Brodstein, R.S., Brodstein, D.E., Olson, R.J., Hunt, S.C., and Williams, R.R. The treatment of myopia with atropine and bifocals. A long-term prospective study. Ophthalmology 91:1373-1379, 1984. (Pubitemid 15208908)
33. Fan, D.S., Lam, D.S., Chan, C.K., Fan, A.H., Cheung, E.Y., and Rao, S.K. Topical atropine in retarding myopic progression and axial length growth in children with moderate to severe myopia: A pilot study. Jpn. J. Ophthalmol. 51:27-33, 2007. (Pubitemid 46281227)
34. Yen, M.Y., Liu, J.H., Kao, S.C., and Shiao, C.H. Comparison of the effect of atropine and cyclopentolate on myopia. Ann. Ophthalmol. 21:180-182, 187, 1989.
35. Syniuta, L.A., and Isenberg, S.J. Atropine and bifocals can slow the progression of myopia in children. Binocul. Vis. Strabismus Q 16:203-208, 2001. (Pubitemid 32757953)
36. Ip, J.M., Rose, K.A., Morgan, I.G., Burlutsky, G., and Mitchell, P. Myopia and the urban environment: Findings in a sample of 12-year-old Australian school children. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 49:3858-3863, 2008.
37. Morgan, I., and Rose, K. How genetic is school myopia? Prog. Retin. Eye Res. 24:1-38, 2005. (Pubitemid 39535154)
38. Mutti, D.O., Mitchell, G.L., Moeschberger, M.L., Jones, L.A., and Zadnik, K. Parental myopia, near work, school achievement, and children's refractive error. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 43:3633-3640, 2002. (Pubitemid 35470597)
39. Rose, K.A., Morgan, I.G., Ip, J., Kifley, A., Huynh, S., Smith, W., and Mitchell, P. Outdoor activity reduces the prevalence of myopia in children. Ophthalmology 115:1279-1285, 2008.
40. Saw, S.M., Chua, W.H., Hong, C.Y., Wu, H.M., Chan, W.Y., Chia, K.S., Stone, R.A., and Tan, D. Nearwork in early-onset myopia. Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci. 43:332-339, 2002.
41. Wu, P.C., Tsai, C.L., Hu, C.H., and Yang, Y.H. Effects of outdoor activities on myopia among rural school children in Taiwan. Ophthalmic Epidemiol. 17:338-342, 2010.
42. Abrahams, E., Ginsburg, G.S., and Silver, M. The Personalized Medicine Coalition: Goals and strategies. Am. J. Pharmacogenomics 5:345-355, 2005. (Pubitemid 41783781)
43. Ginsburg, G.S., and Willard, H.F. Genomic and personalized medicine: Foundations and applications. Transl. Res. 154:277-287, 2009.
44. Limdi, N.A., and Veenstra, D.L. Expectations, validity, and reality in pharmacogenetics. J. Clin. Epidemiol. 63:960-969, 2010.
45. Tong, L., Huang, X.L., Koh, A.L., Zhang, X., Tan, D.T., and Chua, W.H. Atropine for the treatment of childhood myopia: Effect on myopia progression after cessation of atropine. Ophthalmology 116:572-579, 2009.