Blur clarified: A review and synthesis of blur discrimination

Journal of Vision

Volumn 11, Issue 5, 2011, Pages 1-23

  Watson, Andrew B ^a   Ahumada, Albert J ^a  

^a NASA AMES RESEARCH CENTER   (United States)

Author keywords

Computational modeling; Contrast sensitivity; Detection discrimination; Masking; Spatial vision

Indexed keywords

EID: 80054833813     PISSN: None     EISSN: 15347362     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1167/11.5.1     Document Type: Article

References (52)

1. Ahumada, A., & Scharff, L. (2007). Lines and dipoles are efficiently detected [Abstract]. Journal of Vision, 7(9):337, 337a, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/7/9/337, doi:10.1167/7.9.337.
2. Ahumada, A. J., Jr., Coletta, N. J., & Watson, A. B. (2010). Spatial integration and the neural transfer function. Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science, 51, 5175, ARVO E-Abstract.
3. Barlow, H. B., & Olshausen, B. A. (2004). Convergent evidence for the visual analysis of optic flow through anisotropic attenuation of high spatial frequencies. Journal of Vision, 4(6):1, 415-426, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/4/6/1, doi:10.1167/4.6.1.
4. Burr, D. C., & Ross, J. (2002). Direct evidence that "speedlines" influence motion mechanisms. Journal of Neuroscience, 22, 8661-8664.
5. Campbell, F. W., & Westheimer, G. (1958). Sensitivity of the eye to differences in focus. The Journal of Physiology, 143, 18P.
6. Carney, T., Tyler, C. W., Watson, A. B., Makous, W., Beutter, B., Chen, C.-C., et al. (2000). Modelfest: Year one results and plans for future years. Human Vision, Visual Processing, and Digital Display IX, 3959, 140-151.
7. Chen, C.-C., Chen, K.-P., Tseng, C.-H., Kuo, S.-T., & Wu, K.-N. (2009). Constructing a metrics for blur perception with blur discrimination experiments. Paper presented at the Image Quality and System Performance VI, San Jose, CA, USA, http://link.aip.org/link/%3FPSI/7242/724219/1.
8. de Ridder, H. (2001a). Cognitive issues in image quality measurement. Journal of Electronic Imaging, 10, 47-55.
9. de Ridder, H. (2001b). Image processing and the problem of quantifying image quality. Paper presented at the 2001 International Conference on Image Processing.
10. Elliott, S. L., Georgeson, M. A., & Webster, M. A. (2011). Response normalization and blur adaptation: Data and multi-scale model. Journal of Vision, 11(2):7, 1-18, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/11/2/7, doi:10.1167/11.2.7.
11. Farrell, J., Xu, J., Larson, K., & Wandell, B. (2009). Visual preference for ClearType technology. Society for Information Display Digest of Technical Papers, 2009, 702-705.
12. Ferzli, R., & Karam, L. J. (2006). Human visual system based on no-reference objective image sharpness metric. Paper presented at the 2006 IEEE International Conference on Image Processing, doi:10.1109/ICIP.2006.312925.
13. Field, D. J., & Brady, N. (1997). Visual sensitivity, blur and the sources of variability in the amplitude spectra of natural scenes. Vision Research, 37, 3367-3383, doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00181-8.
14. Fiske, T. J., Silverstein, L. D., Hodgson, S., & Watson, A. B. (2007). Visual quality of high-contrast projection screens: Part I. Visibility of screen-based artifacts and noise. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 15, 409-419.
15. Geisler, W. S. (1999). Motion streaks provide a spatial code for motion direction. Nature, 400, 65-69.
16. Georgeson, M. A., May, K. A., Freeman, T. C., & Hesse, G. S. (2007). From filters to features: Scale-space analysis of edge and blur coding in human vision. Journal of Vision, 7(13):7, 1-21, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/7/13/7, doi:10.1167/7.13.7.
17. Graham, N., Robson, J. G., & Nachmias, J. (1978). Grating summation in fovea and periphery. Vision Research, 18, 815-825, doi:10.1016/0042-6989(78)90122-0.
18. Granger, E. M., & Cupery, K. N. (1972). An optical merit function (SQF) which correlates with subjective image judgements. Photographic Science and Engineering, 16, 221-230.
19. Hamerly, J. R., & Dvorak, C. A. (1981). Detection and discrimination of blur in edges and lines. Journal of the Optical Society of America, 71, 448, doi:10.1364/JOSA.71.000448.
20. Harrington, T. L., & Harrington, M. K. (1981). Perception of motion using blur pattern information in the moderate and high-velocity domains of vision. Acta Psychologica, 48, 227-237.
21. Heeger, D. J. (1992). Normalization of cell responses in cat striate cortex. Visual Neuroscience, 9, 181-197, doi:10.1017/S0952523800009640.
22. Held, R. T., Cooper, E. A., O'Brien, J. F., & Banks, M. S. (2010). Using blur to affect perceived distance and size. ACM Transactions on Graphics, 29, 1-16.
23. Hess, R. F., Pointer, J. S., & Watt, R. J. (1989). How are spatial filters used in fovea and parafovea? Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 6, 329.
24. Kayargadde, V., & Martens, J. B. (1996). Perceptual characterization of images degraded by blur and noise: Model. Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 13, 1178-1188, doi:10.1364/JOSAA.13.001166.
25. Koenderink, J. J., Bouman, M. A., Mesquita, A. E. B. d., & Slappendel, S. (1978). Perimetry of contrast detection thresholds of moving spatial sine wave patterns: I. The near peripheral visual field (eccentricity 0--8-). Journal of the Optical Society of America, 68, 845-849, doi:10.1364/JOSA.68.000845.
26. Kruger, P. B.,&Pola, J. (1986). Stimuli for accommodation: Blur, chromatic aberration and size. Vision Research, 26, 957-971, doi:10.1016/0042-6989(86)90153-7.
27. Legras, R., Chateau, N., & Charman, W. N. (2004). Assessment of just-noticeable differences for refractive errors and spherical aberration using visual simulation. Optometry & Vision Science, 81, 718-728.
28. Mather, G., & Smith, D. R. (2002). Blur discrimination and its relation to blur-mediated depth perception. Perception, 31, 1211-1219, doi:10.1068/p3254.
29. Owsley, C., Sekuler, R., & Siemsen, D. (1983). Contrast sensitivity throughout adulthood. Vision Research, 23, 689-699, doi:10.1016/0042-6989(83)90210-9.
30. Pääkkönen, A. K., & Morgan, M. J. (1994). Effects of motion on blur discrimination. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 11, 992, doi:10.1364/JOSAA.11.000992.
31. Párraga, C. A., Troscianko, T., & Tolhurst, D. J. (2005). The effects of amplitude-spectrum statistics on foveal and peripheral discrimination of changes in natural images, and a multi-resolution model. Vision Research, 45, 3145-3168.
32. Rohaly, A. M., Ahumada, A. J., Jr., & Watson, A. B. (1997). Object detection in natural backgrounds predicted by discrimination performance and models. Vision Research, 37, 3225-3235, doi:10.1016/S0042-6989(97)00156-9.
33. Sekiguchi, N., Williams, D. R., & Brainard, D. H. (1993). Efficiency in detection of isoluminant and isochromatic interference fringes. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 10, 2118-2133, doi:10.1364/JOSAA. 10.002118.
34. Tadmor, Y., & Tolhurst, D. J. (1994). Discrimination of changes in the second-order statistics of natural and synthetic images. Vision Research, 34, 541-554.
35. Thibos, L. N. (2009). Retinal image quality for virtual eyes generated by a statistical model of ocular wavefront aberrations. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, 29, 288-291, doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2009.00662.x.
36. Thibos, L. N., Hong, X., Bradley, A., & Cheng, X. (2002). Statistical variation of aberration structure and image quality in a normal population of healthy eyes. Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 19, 2329-2348.
37. Virsu, V., & Rovamo, J. (1979). Visual resolution, contrast sensitivity, and the cortical magnification factor. Experimental Brain Research, 37, 475-494, doi:10.1007/BF00236818.
38. Walsh, G., & Charman, W. N. (1988). Visual sensitivity to temporal change in focus and its relevance to the accommodation response. Vision Research, 28, 1207-1221, doi:10.1016/0042-6989(88)90037-5.
39. Wang, B., & Ciuffreda, K. J. (2005). Foveal blur discrimination of the human eye. Ophthalmic & Physiological Optics, 25, 45-51, doi:10.1111/j.1475-1313.2004. 00250.x.
40. Watson, A. B. (1987). Estimation of local spatial scale. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 4, 1579-1582, doi:10.1364/JOSAA.4.001579.
41. Watson, A. B. (2010a). Display motion blur: Comparison of measurement methods. Journal of the Society for Information Display, 18, 179-190, doi:10.1089/JSID18.2.179.
42. Watson, A. B. (2010b). Visible motion blur: A perceptual metric for display motion blur. Society for Information Display Digest of Technical Papers, 41, 184-187.
43. Watson, A. B., & Ahumada, A. J., Jr. (2005). A standard model for foveal detection of spatial contrast. Journal of Vision, 5(9):6, 717-740, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/5/9/6, doi:10.1167/5.9.6.
44. Watson, A. B., & Ahumada, A. J., Jr. (2008). Predicting visual acuity from wavefront aberrations. Journal of Vision, 8(4):17, 1-19, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/8/4/17, doi:10.1167/8.4.17.
45. Watson, A. B., & Solomon, J. A. (1997). Model of visual contrast gain control and pattern masking. Journal of the Optical Society of America A: Optics, Image Science, and Vision, 14, 2379-2391, doi:10.1364/JOSAA.14.002379.
46. Watt, R. J. (1988). Visual processing: Computational, psychophysical, and cognitive research. Hove, UK; Hillsdale, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates.
47. Watt, R. J., & Morgan, M. J. (1983). The recognition and representation of edge blur: Evidence for spatial primitives in human vision. Vision Research, 23, 1465-1477, doi:10.1016/0042-6989(83)90158-X.
48. Watt, R. J., & Morgan, M. J. (1984). Spatial filters and the localization of luminance changes in human vision. Vision Research, 24, 1387-1397, doi:10.1016/0042-6989(84)90194-9.
49. Webster, M. A. (2011). Adaptation and visual coding. Journal of Vision, 11(5):3, 1-23, http://www.journalofvision.org/content/11/5/3, doi:10.1167/11.5.3.
50. Webster, M. A., Georgeson, M. A., & Webster, S. M. (2002). Neural adjustments to image blur. Nature Neuroscience, 5, 839-840, doi:10.1038/nn906.
51. Westheimer, G., Brincat, S., & Wehrhahn, C. (1999). Contrast dependency of foveal spatial functions: Orientation, vernier, separation, blur and displacement discrimination and the tilt and Poggendorff illusions. Vision Research, 39, 1631-1639.
52. Wuerger, S. M., Owens, H., & Westland, S. (2001). Blur tolerance for luminance and chromatic stimuli. Journal of the Optical Society of America A, 18, 1231-1239, doi:10.1364/JOSAA.18.001231.