Sampling vascular epiphyte diversity - Species richness and community structure

Ecotropica

Volumn 17, Issue 1, 2011, Pages 103-112

  Zotz, Gerhard ^a,b   Bader, Maaike Y ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF OLDENBURG   (Germany)

^b SMITHSONIAN TROPICAL RESEARCH INSTITUTE   (Panama)

Author keywords

Community structure; Evenness; Patchiness; San Lorenzo crane site; Species coexistence; Species richness estimators; Species accumulation curves; Substrate preference

Indexed keywords

EID: 80054703005     PISSN: 09493026     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: None     Document Type: Article

References (47)

1. Annaselvam, J. & N. Parchasarathy. 2001. Diversity and distribution of herbaceous vascular epiphytes in a tropical evergreen forest at Varagalaiar, Western Ghats, India. Biodiversity and Conservation 10: 317-329. (Pubitemid 32386123)
2. Benavides, A.-M., Duque, A.J., Duivenvoorden, J.F., Vasco, G.A. & R. Callejas. 2005. A first quantitative census of vascular epiphytes in rain forests of Colombian Amazonia. Biodiversity and Conservation 14: 739-758. (Pubitemid 40678655)
3. Benzing, D.H. 1990. Vascular epiphytes. General biology and related biota. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
4. Benzing, D.H. 1998. Vulnerabilities of tropical forests to climate change: the significance of resident epiphytes. Climatic Change 39: 519-540. (Pubitemid 28360193)
5. Burns, K.C. & J. Dawson. 2005. Patterns in the diversity and distribution of epiphytes and vines in a New Zealand forest. Austral Ecology 30: 891-899.
6. Chazdon, R.L, Colwell, R.K., Denslow, J.S. & M.R. Guariguata. 1998. Statistical methods for estimating species richness of woody regeneration in primary and secondary rain forests of NE Costa Rica. Pp. 285-309 in Dallmeier, F. & J.A. Comiskey (eds.). Forest biodiversity research, monitoring and modeling: Conceptual background and Old World case studies. Parthenon Publishing, Paris.
7. Colwell, R.K. (2005). "EstimateS: Statistical estimation of species richness and shared species from samples. Version 7.5. Persistent URL ."
8. Colwell, R.K. & J.A. Coddington. 1994. Estimating terrestrial biodiversity through extrapolation. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society in London B Biological Sciences 345: 101-118.
9. Correa A., M.D., Galdames, C. & M.S. de Stapf. 2004. Catalogo de las Plantas Vasculares de Panama. Panama City, Universidad de Panamá, Instituto Smithsonian de Investigaciones Tropicales.
10. Croat, T.B. 1988. Ecology and life forms of Araceae. Aroideana 11: 4-55.
11. Flores-Palacios, A. & J.G. García-Franco. 2001. Sampling methods for vascular epiphytes: Their effectiveness in recording species richness and frequency. Selbyana 22: 181-191.
12. Flores-Palacios, A. & J.G. Garcia-Franco. 2006. The relationship between tree size and epiphyte species richness: testing four different hypotheses. Journal of Biogeography 33: 323-330.
13. Galeano, G., Suárez, S. & H. Balslev. 1999. Vascular plant species count in a wet forest in the Chocó area on the Pacific coast of Colombia. Biodiversity and Conservation 7: 1563-1575. (Pubitemid 29139353)
14. Gradstein, S.R., Hietz, P, Lücking, R., Lücking, A., Sip-man, H.J.M., Vester, H.F.M., Wolf, J.H.D. & E. Gardette. 1996. How to sample the epiphytic diversity of tropical rain forests. Ecotropica 2: 59-72.
15. Gradstein, S.R., Nadkarni, N.M., Kromer, T, Holz, I. & N. Noske. 2003. A protocol for rapid and representative sampling of vascular and non-vascular epiphyte diversity of tropical rain forests. Selbyana 24: 105-111.
16. Hazen, WE. 1966. Analysis of spatial pattern in epiphytes. Journal of Ecology 47: 634-635.
17. Herzog, S.K., Kessler, M. & T.M. Cahill. 2002. Evaluation of a new rapid assessment method for estimating avian diversity in tropical forests. Auk 199: 749-769.
18. Hietz, P., Wanek, W, Wania, R. & N.M. Nadkarni. 2002. Nitrogen-15 natural abundance in a montane cloud forest canopy as an indicator of nitrogen cycling and epiphyte nutrition. Oecologia 131: 355.
19. Hubbell, S.P. 2001. The unified neutral theory of biodiversity and biogeography. Princeton University Press, Princeton.
20. Jacquemyn, H., Micheneau, C, Roberts, D.L. & T. Pailler. 2005. Elevational gradients of species diversity, breeding system and floral traits of orchid species on Reunion Island. Journal of Biogeography 32: 1751-1761. (Pubitemid 43934563)
21. Johansson, D. 1974. Ecology of vascular epiphytes in West African rain forest. Acta Phytogeographica Suecica 59: 1-136.
22. Johansson, D. 1978. A method to register the distribution of epiphytes on the host tree. American Orchid Society Bulletin 47: 901-904.
23. Kelly, D.L., O'Donovan, G., Feehan, J., Murphy, S., Drangeid, S.O., & L. Marcano-Berti. 2004. The epiphyte communities of a montane rain forest in the Andes of Venezuela: patterns in the distribution of the flora. Journal of Tropical Ecology 20: 643-666. (Pubitemid 39464658)
24. Krebs, C.J. 1989. Ecological methodology. Harper, New York.
25. Kromer, T, Kessler, M. & S.R. Gradstein. 2007. Vertical stratification of vascular epiphytes in submontane and montane forest of the Bolivian Andes: the importance of the understory. Plant Ecology 189: 261-278. (Pubitemid 46465337)
26. Kiiper, W, Kreft, H., Nieder, J., Koster, N. & W Barthlott. 2004. Large-scale diversity patterns of vascular epiphytes in Neotropical montane rain forests. Journal of Biogeography 31: 1487.
27. Laube, S. & G. Zotz. 2006. Neither host-specific nor random: vascular epiphytes on three tree species in a Panamanian lowland forest. Annals of Botany 97: 1103-1114. (Pubitemid 44447304)
28. Leitner, W & WR. Turner. 2001. Measurement and analysis of biodiversity. Pp. 123-144 in Levin, S.A. (ed.). Encyclopedia of biodiversity. Academic Press, San Diego.
29. Moffett, M.W & M.D. Lowman. 1995. Canopy access techniques. Pp. 3-26 in Lowman, M.D. & N.M. Nadkarni (eds.). Forest canopies. Academic Press, New York.
30. Nieder, J., Engwald, S., Klawun, M. & W. Barthlott. 2000. Spatial distribution of vascular epiphytes (including hemiepiphytes) in a lowland Amazonian rain forest (Surumoni Crane Plot) of Southern Venezuela. Biotropica 32: 385-396.
31. Nieder, J. & G. Zotz. 1998. Methods of analyzing the structure and dynamics of vascular epiphyte communities. Ecotropica 4: 33-39.
32. R Development Core Team. 2007. R: A language and environment for statistical computing. Vienna, Austria. URL http://www.R-project.org, R Foundation for Statistical Computing.
33. Shaw, J.D. & D.M. Bergstrom. 1997. A rapid assessment technique of vascular epiphyte diversity at forest and regional level. Selbyana 18: 195-199.
34. Smith, B., & J.B. Wilson. 1996. A consumers guide to evenness indices. Oikos 76: 70-82.
35. Stirling, G. & B.J. Wilsey. 2001. Empirical relationships between species richness, evenness and proportional diversity. American Naturalist 158: 286-300.
36. ter Steege, H. & J.H.C. Cornelissen. 1989. Distribution and ecology of vascular epiphytes in lowland rain forest of Guyana. Biotropica 21: 331-339. (Pubitemid 20428084)
37. Todzia, C. 1986. Growth habits, host tree species, and density of hemiepiphytes on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Biotropica 18: 22-27.
38. Walther, BA & S. Morand. 1998. Comparative performance of species richness estimation methods. Parasitology 116: 395-405. (Pubitemid 28186504)
39. Wolf, J.H.D., Gradstein, S.R., & N.M. Nadkarni. 2009. A protocol for sampling vascular epiphyte richness and abundance. Journal of Tropical Ecology 25: 107-121.
40. Wright, S.J., Horlyck, V., Basset, Y., Barrios, H., Bethancourt, A., Bohlman, S.A., Gilbert, G.S., Goldstein, G., Graham, E.A., Kitajima, K., Lerdau, M.T., Meinzer, EC, Odegaard, E, Reynolds, D.R., Roubik, D.W., Sakai, S., Samaniego, M., Sparks, J.P., Van Bael, S., Winter, K. & G. Zotz. 2003. Tropical canopy biology program, Republic of Panama. Pp. 137-155 in Basset, Y., Horlyck, V. & S.J. Wright (eds.). Studying forest canopies from above: The International Canopy Crane Network United Nations Environmental Programme, Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute, New York.
41. Zimmerman, J.K. & l.C. Olmsted. 1992. Host tree utilization by vascular epiphytes in a seasonally inundated forest (Tintal) in Mexico. Biotropica 24: 402-407.
42. Zotz, G. 2004. How prevalent is crassulacean acid metabolism among vascular epiphytes? Oecologia 138: 184-192. (Pubitemid 38162225)
43. Zotz, G. 2007. Johansson revisited: the spatial structure of epiphyte assemblages. Journal of Vegetation Science 18: 123-130. (Pubitemid 46535501)
44. Zotz, G., Bermejo, P. & H. Dietz. 1999. The epiphyte vegetation of Annona glabra on Barro Colorado Island, Panama. Journal of Biogeography 26: 776.
45. Zotz, G. & S. Schultz. 2008. The vascular epiphytes of a lowland forest in Panama - species composition and spatial structure. Plant Ecology 195: 131-141. (Pubitemid 351178618)
46. Zotz, G. & B. Vollrath. 2003. The epiphyte vegetation of the palm, Socratea exorrhiza - correlations with tree size, tree age, and bryophyte cover. Journal of Tropical Ecology 19: 81-90. (Pubitemid 36174858)
47. Zotz, G. & K. Winter 1994. Annual carbon balance and nitrogen use efficiency in tropical C3 and CAM epiphytes. New Phytologist 126: 481-492 (Pubitemid 2069524)