Vulnerabilities of tropical forests to climate change: The significance of resident epiphytes

Climatic Change

Volumn 39, Issue 2-3, 1998, Pages 519-540

  Benzing, David H ^a  

^a OBERLIN COLLEGE   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

CLIMATE CHANGE; EPIPHYTE; TROPICAL FOREST; VEGETATION;

EID: 0031854468     PISSN: 01650009     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1023/a:1005312307709     Document Type: Review

References (53)

1. Barron, E. J. and Washington, W. M.: 1984, 'The Role of Geographic Variables in Explaining Past Climates: Results from Cretaceous Climate Model Sensitivity Studies', J. Geophys. Res. 89, 1267-1279.
2. Bentley, B. L.: 1987, 'Nitrogen Fixation by Epiphylls in a Tropical Rain Forest', Ann. Missouri. Botanic Gardens 74, 234-241.
3. Benzing, D. H.: 1990, 'Vascular Epiphytes', Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, p. 354.
4. Benzing, D. H. and Seemann, J.: 1978, 'Nutritional Piracy and Host Decline: A New Perspective on the Epiphyte-Host Relationship', Selbyana 2, 133-148.
5. Benzing, D. H., Seemann, J., and Renfrow, A.: 1978, 'The Foliar Epidermis in Tillandsioideae (Bromeliaceae) and Its Role in Habitat Selection', Amer. J. Botany 65, 359-365.
6. Bermudes, D. and Benzing, D. H.: 1991, 'Nitrogen Fixation in Association with Ecuadorian Bromeliads', J. Tropic. Ecol. 7, 531-538.
7. Boucher, V. L. and Nash, T. H., III: 1990, 'The Role of the Fruticose Lichen Ramalina menziesii in the Annual Turnover of Biomass and Macro Nutrients in a Blue Oak Woodland', Bot. Gaz. (Chicago) 151, 114-118.
8. Bruijnzeel, L. A.: 1990, 'Hydrology of Moist Tropical Forest and Effects of Conversion: A State of Knowledge Review', IHP-UNESCO Humid Tropical Programme, Paris.
9. Bruijnzeel, L. A.: 1993, 'Hydrological Observations in Montane Forests on Gunung Silam, Sabah, Malaysia, with Special Reference to the "Massenerhebung" Effect', J. Ecol. 81, 145-167.
10. Bruijnzeel, L. A. and Proctor, J.: 1995, 'Hydrology and Biogeochemistry of Tropical Montane Cloud Forests: What Do We Really Know?', in Hamilton, L. S., Juvik, J. O., and Scatena, F. N. (eds.), Tropical Montane Cloud Forests, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, pp. 38-78.
11. Chapin, F. S. III, Autumn, K., and Pugnaire, F.: 1993, 'Evolution of Suites of Traits in Response to Environmental Stress', Amer. Nat. 142, S78-S92.
12. Coxson, D. S.: 1991, 'Nutrient Release from Epiphytic Bryophytes in Tropical Montane Rain Forest (Guadeloupe)', Can. J. Botany 69, 2122-2129.
13. Coxson, D. S. and Nadkarni, N. M.: 1995, 'Ecological Role of Epiphytes in Nutrient Cycles', in Lowman, M. D. and Nadkarni, N. M. (eds.), Forest Canopies, Academic Press, New York, pp. 495-543.
14. deBoois, H. M. and Jansen, E.: 1975, 'Effects of Nutrients in Through Fall Water and of Litter Fall upon Fungal Growth in a Forest Soil Layer', Pedobiol. 16, 161-166.
15. Diesel, R.: 1992, 'Maternal Care in the Bromeliad Crab Metopaulias depressus: Protection of Larva from Predation by Damselfly Nymphs', Animal Behavior 43, 308-312.
16. Ehleringer, J. R. and Monson, R. K.: 1993, 'Evolutionary and Ecological Aspects of Photosynthetic Pathway Variation', Annu. Rev. Ecol. Syst. 24, 411-439.
17. Fish, D.: 1983, 'Phytotelmata: Flora and Fauna', in Frank, J. H. and Lounibos, L. P. (eds.), Phytotelmata: Terrestrial Plants as Hosts for Aquatic Insect Communities, Plexus, Medford, NJ, pp. 1-28.
18. Frangi, J. L. and Lugo, A. E.: 1992, 'Ecosystem Dynamics of a Subtropical Flood Plain Forest', Ecol. Monogr. 55, 351-369.
19. Gentry, A. H. and Dodson, C. H.: 1987, 'Diversity and Biogeography of Neotropical Vascular Epiphytes', Ann. Missouri Botanic Gardens 74, 205-233.
20. Gilmartin, A. J.: 1973, 'Transandean Distributions of Bromeliaceae in Ecuador', Ecology 54, 1389-1393.
21. Hedges, S. B. and Thomas, R.: 1992, 'Two New Species of Eleutherodactylus from Remnant Cloud Forest in Haiti (Anura, Leptodactylidae)', Herpetologia 48, 351-358.
22. Hofstede, R. G. M., Wolf, G. D. H., and Benzing, D. H.: 1993, 'Epiphytic Biomass and Nutrient Status of a Colombian Upper Montane Rain Forest', Selbyana 14, 37-45.
23. Hosakawa, T. and Kubota, H.: 1957, 'On the Osmotic Pressure and Resistance to Desiccation of Epiphytic Mosses from a Beech Forest, South-West Japan', J. Ecol. 45, 579-591.
24. Knops, J. M. H., Nash III, T. H., Boucher, V. L., and Schlesinger, W. H.: 1991, 'Mineral Cycling and Epiphytic Lichens: Implications at the Ecosystem Level', Lichenologist 23, 309-321.
25. Jordan, C. F. and Golley, F.: 1980, 'Nutrient Scavenging of Rainfall by the Canopy of an Amazonian Rain Forest', Biotropica 12, 61-66.
26. Kress, W. J.: 1986, 'A Symposium: The Biology of Tropical Epiphytes', Selbyana 9, 1-22.
27. Lange, O. L., Budel, B., Meyer, A., and Kilian, E.: 1993, 'Further Evidence that Activation of Net Photosynthesis by Dry Cyanobacterial Lichens Requires Liquid Water', Lichenologist 25, 175-189.
28. Lesica, P. and Antibus, R. K.: 1991, 'Canopy Soils and Epiphyte Richness', Nat. Geogr. Roy. Explor. 7, 156-165.
29. LeBlanc, F. and Rao, D. N.: 1975, 'Effects of Air Pollutants on Lichens and Bryophytes', Mudd, J. B. and Kozlowski, T. T. (eds.), Responses of Plants to Air Pollution, Academic Press, New York, pp. 237-272.
30. Lovett, G. M., Lindberg, S. E., Richter, D. D., and Johnson, D. W.: 1985, 'The Effects of Acidic Deposition on Cation Leaching from Three Deciduous Forest Canopies', Can, J. Forest Res. 15, 1055-1060.
31. Lugo, A. E. and Scatena, R. N.: 1992, 'Epiphytes and Climate Change Research in the Caribbean: A Proposal', Selbyana 13, 123-130.
32. Martin, C. E.: 1994, 'Physiological Ecology of the Bromeliaceae', Bot. Rev. 60, 1-82.
33. Nadkarni, N. M.: 1981, 'Canopy Roots: Convergent Evolution in Rain Forest Nutrient Cycles', Science 214, 1023-1024.
34. Nadkarni, N. M.: 1984, 'Epiphyte Biomass and Nutrient Capital of a Neotropical Elfin Forest', Biotropica 16, 249-256.
35. Nadkarni, N. M. and Matelson, T. J.: 1989, 'Bird Use of Epiphyte Resources in Neotropical Trees', Condor 91, 891-907.
36. Nadkarni, N. M. and Matelson, T. J.: 1992, 'Biomass and Nutrient Dynamics of Epiphyte Litter-Fall in a Neotropical Montane Forest, Costa Rica', Biotropica 24, 24-30.
37. Paoletti, M. H., Taylor, R. A. J., Stinner, B. R., Stinner, D. H., and Benzing, D. H.: 1991, 'Diversity of Soil Fauna in the Canopy and Forest Floor of a Venezuelan Cloud Forest', J. Tropic Ecol. 7, 373-384.
38. Pittendrigh, C. S.: 1948, 'The Bromeliad-Anopheles-Malaria Complex in Trinidad. I. The Bromeliad Flora', Evolution 2, 58-89.
39. Pocs, T.: 1981, 'The Epiphytic Biomass and Its Effect on the Water Balance of Two Rain Forest Types in the Uluguru Mountains (Tanzania, East Africa)', Acta Bot. Acad. Sci. Hung. 26, 143-167.
40. Pocs, T.: 1982, 'Tropical Forest Bryophytes', in Smith, A. J. E. (ed.), Bryophyte Ecology, Chapman and Hall, London, pp. 59-104.
41. Rhoades, F. M.: 1995, 'Nonvascular Epiphytes in Forest Canopies: Worldwide Distribution, Abundance, and Ecological Roles', in Lowman, M. D. and Nadkarni, N. M. (eds.), Forest Canopies, Academic Press, New York, pp. 353-395.
42. Stadtmuller, T. and Agudelo, N.: 1990, 'Amount and Variability of Cloud Moisture Input in a Tropical Cloud Forest', Int. Assoc. Hydrol. Sci. Public. 193, 25-32.
43. Sugden, A. M.: 1981, 'Aspects of the Ecology of Vascular Epiphytes in Two Colombian Cloud Forests. II. Habitat Preferences of Bromeliaceae in the Serrania de Macuira', Selbyana 5, 264-273.
44. Sugden, A. M. and Robins, R. J.: 1979, 'Aspects of the Ecology of Vascular Epiphytes in Colombian Cloud Forests. I. The Distribution of the Epiphyte Flora', Biotropica 11, 173-188.
45. Tanner, E. V. J.: 1980, 'Studies on the Biomass and Productivity in a Series of Montane Rain Forests in Jamaica', J. Ecol. 68, 573-588.
46. Vance, E. D. and Nadkarni, N. M.: 1990, 'Microbial Biomass and Activity in Canopy Organic Matter and the Forest Floor of a Tropical Cloud Forest', Soil Biol. Biochem. 22, 677-684.
47. Vance, E. D. and Nadkarni, N. M.: 1992, 'Root Biomass Distribution in a Moist Tropical Montane Forest', Plant Soil 142, 31-39.
48. Veneklaas, E. J.: 1990, 'Nutrient Fluxes in Bulk Precipitation and Through Fall in Two Montane Tropical Rain Forests', L. Ecol. 78, 974-992.
49. Wake, D. B.: 1987, 'Adaptive Radiation of Salamanders in Middle American Cloud Forests', Ann. Missouri Botanic Gardens 74, 242-264.
50. Wilson, E. O.: 1987, 'The Arboreal Ant Fauna of Peruvian Amazon Forests: A First Assessment', Biotropica 19, 245-282.
51. Winter, K., Wallace, B. J., Stocker, G., and Roksandic, Z.: 1983, 'Crassulacean Acid Metabolism in Australian Vascular Epiphytes and Some Related Species', Oecologia 57, 129-141.
52. Wolf, J. H. D.: 1993, 'Diversity Patterns and Biomass of Epiphytic Bryophytes and Lichens Along an Altitudinal Gradient in the Northern Andes', Ann. Missouri Botanic Gardens 84, 928-960.
53. Yu, W. D.: 1994, 'The Structural Role of Epiphytes in Ant Gardens', Biotropica 26, 217-221.