Subcortical processing of speech regularities underlies reading and music aptitude in children

Behavioral and Brain Functions

Volumn 7, Issue , 2011, Pages

  Strait, Dana L ^a   Hornickel, Jane ^a   Kraus, Nina ^a  

^a NORTHWESTERN UNIVERSITY   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ADOLESCENT; APTITUDE; ARTICLE; ATTENTION; AUDITORY MEMORY; BRAIN STEM RESPONSE; CHILD; COGNITION; FEMALE; HUMAN; MALE; MUSIC; PRIORITY JOURNAL; PSYCHOMOTOR DISORDER; READING; SCHOOL CHILD; SOCIAL STATUS; SPEECH; STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING; SUBCORTEX; WORKING MEMORY; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; AUDITORY STIMULATION; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; BRAIN; EVOKED BRAIN STEM AUDITORY RESPONSE; HEARING; MENTAL FUNCTION; PHYSIOLOGY; REFERENCE VALUE; SOUND DETECTION;

ACOUSTIC STIMULATION; ADOLESCENT; ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE; APTITUDE; AUDITORY PERCEPTION; BRAIN; CHILD; EVOKED POTENTIALS, AUDITORY, BRAIN STEM; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; MENTAL PROCESSES; MODELS, NEUROLOGICAL; MUSIC; READING; REFERENCE VALUES; SOUND SPECTROGRAPHY;

EID: 80054056057     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17449081     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1186/1744-9081-7-44     Document Type: Article

References (97)

1. Winkler I, Denham SL, Nelken I. Modeling the auditory scene: Predictive regularity representations and perceptual objects. Trends Cogn Sci 2009, 13:532-40. 10.1016/j.tics.2009.09.003, 19828357.
2. Ahissar M, Nahum M, Nelken I, Hochstein S. Reverse hierarchies and sensory learning. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2009, 364:285-99. 10.1098/rstb.2008.0253, 2674477, 18986968.
3. Baldeweg T. Repetition effects to sounds: Evidence for predictive coding in the auditory system. Trends Cogn Sci 2006, 10:93-4. 10.1016/j.tics.2006.01.010, 16460994.
4. Grill-Spector K, Henson R, Martin A. Repetition and the brain: Neural models of stimulus-specific effects. Trends Cogn Sci 2006, 10:14-23. 10.1016/j.tics.2005.11.006, 16321563.
5. Chandrasekaran B, Hornickel J, Skoe E, Nicol T, Kraus N. Context-dependent encoding in the human auditory brainstem relates to hearing speech in noise: Implications for developmental dyslexia. Neuron 2009, 64:311-9. 10.1016/j.neuron.2009.10.006, 2778610, 19914180.
6. Pelucchi B, Hay JF, Saffran JR. Statistical learning in a natural language by 8-month-old infants. Child Dev 2009, 80:674-85. 10.1111/j.1467-8624.2009.01290.x, 19489896.
7. Saffran JR, Aslin RN, Newport EL. Statistical learning by 8-month-old infants. Science 1996, 274:1926-8. 10.1126/science.274.5294.1926, 8943209.
8. Stephan KE, Baldeweg T, Friston KJ. Synaptic plasticity and dysconnection in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 2006, 59:929-39. 10.1016/j.biopsych.2005.10.005, 16427028.
9. Ahissar M, Lubin Y, Putter-Katz H, Banai K. Dyslexia and the failure to form a perceptual anchor. Nat Neurosci 2006, 9:1558-64. 10.1038/nn1800, 17115044.
10. Schulte-Korne G, Deimel W, Bartling J, Remschmidt H. Pre-attentive processing of auditory patterns in dyslexic human subjects. Neurosci Lett 1999, 276:41-4. 10.1016/S0304-3940(99)00785-5, 10586970.
11. Evans JL, Saffran JR, Robe-Torres K. Statistical learning in children with specific language impairment. J Speech Lang Hear Res 2009, 52:321-35. 10.1044/1092-4388(2009/07-0189), 19339700.
12. Malmierca MS, Cristaudo S, Perez-Gonzalez D, Covey E. Stimulus-specific adaptation in the inferior colliculus of the anesthetized rat. J Neurosci 2009, 29:5483-93. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.4153-08.2009, 2715893, 19403816.
13. Dean I, Robinson BL, Harper NS, McAlpine D. Rapid neural adaptation to sound level statistics. J Neurosci 2008, 28:6430-8. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.0470-08.2008, 18562614.
14. Pressnitzer D, Sayles M, Micheyl C, Winter IM. Perceptual organization of sound begins in the auditory periphery. Curr Biol 2008, 18:1124-8. 10.1016/j.cub.2008.06.053, 2559912, 18656355.
15. Wen B, Wang GI, Dean I, Delgutte B. Dynamic range adaptation to sound level statistics in the auditory nerve. J Neurosci 2009, 29:13797-808. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.5610-08.2009, 2774902, 19889991.
16. Ulanovsky N, Las L, Nelken I. Processing of low-probability sounds by cortical neurons. Nat Neurosci 2003, 6:391-8. 10.1038/nn1032, 12652303.
17. Dean I, Harper NS, McAlpine D. Neural population coding of sound level adapts to stimulus statistics. Nat Neurosci 2005, 8:1684-9. 10.1038/nn1541, 16286934.
18. Muller JR, Metha AB, Krauskopf J, Lennie P. Rapid adaptation in visual cortex to the structure of images. Science 1999, 285:1405-8. 10.1126/science.285.5432.1405, 10464100.
19. Suga N. Role of corticofugal feedback in hearing. J Comp Physiol A Neuroethol Sens Neural Behav Physiol 2008, 194:169-83. 10.1007/s00359-007-0274-2, 18228080.
20. Bidelman GM, Gandour JT, Krishnan A. Cross-domain effects of music and language experience on the representation of pitch in the human auditory brainstem. J Cogn Neurosci 2009, 23:425-434.
21. Kraus N, Skoe E, Parbery-Clark A, Ashley R. Experience-induced malleability in neural encoding of pitch, timbre, and timing. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009, 1169:543-57. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04549.x, 2810198, 19673837.
22. Gaab N, Tallal P, Kim H, Lakshminarayanan K, Archie JJ, Glover GH, Gabrieli JD. Neural correlates of rapid spectrotemporal processing in musicians and nonmusicians. Ann NY Acad Sci 2005, 1060:82-8. 10.1196/annals.1360.040, 16597753.
23. Besson M, Schon D, Moreno S, Santos A, Magne C. Influence of musical expertise and musical training on pitch processing in music and language. Restor Neurol Neurosci 2007, 25:399-410.
24. Chandrasekaran B, Kraus N. Music, noise-exclusion, and learning. Music Percept 2010, 27:297-306.
25. Morais J, Periot A, Lidji P, Kolinsky R. Music and dyslexia. Int J Arts Technolog 2010, 3:177-194.
26. Zatorre RJ, Gandour JT. Neural specializations for speech and pitch: Moving beyond the dichotomies. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2008, 363:1087-104. 10.1098/rstb.2007.2161, 2606798, 17890188.
27. Patel AD. Why would musical training benefit the neural encoding of speech? The opera hypothesis. Front Psychol 2011, 2:142. 3128244, 21747773.
28. Forgeard M, Schlaug G, Norton A, Rosam C, Iyengar U. The relation between music and phonological processing in normal-reading children and children with dyslexia. Music Percept 2008, 25:383-390.
29. Overy K. Dyslexia and music. From timing deficits to musical intervention. Ann NY Acad Sci 2003, 999:497-505. 10.1196/annals.1284.060, 14681173.
30. Huss M, Verney JP, Fosker T, Mead N, Goswami U. Music, rhythm, rise time perception and developmental dyslexia: Perception of musical meter predicts reading and phonology. Cortex 2010,
31. Anvari SH, Trainor LJ, Woodside J, Levy BA. Relations among musical skills, phonological processing, and early reading ability in preschool children. J Exp Child Psychol 2002, 83:111-30. 10.1016/S0022-0965(02)00124-8, 12408958.
32. Ahissar M, Hochstein S. The reverse hierarchy theory of visual perceptual learning. Trends Cogn Sci 2004, 8:457-64. 10.1016/j.tics.2004.08.011, 15450510.
33. Strait DL, Kraus N, Parbery-Clark A, Ashley R. Musical experience shapes top-down auditory mechanisms: Evidence from masking and auditory attention performance. Hear Res 2010, 261:22-29. 10.1016/j.heares.2009.12.021, 20018234.
34. Kraus N, Chandrasekaran B. Music training for the development of auditory skills. Nat Rev Neurosci 2010, 11:599-605.
35. Share D, Jorm A, Maclean R, Matthews R. Sources of individual differences in reading acquisition. J Educat Psycholog 1984, 76:1309-1324.
36. Jorm A, Share D, Maclean R, Matthews R. Cognitive factors at school entry predictive of specific reading retardation and general reading backwardness: A research note. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 1986, 27:45-54. 10.1111/j.1469-7610.1986.tb00620.x, 3949906.
37. Jöreskog KG. Lisrel 8: User's reference guide 1996, Scientific Software International, Inc.: Lincolnwood, IL.
38. Gefen D, Straub D, Boudreau MC. Structural equation modeling and regression: Guidelines for research practice. Communications of AIS 2000, 4:1-80.
39. Wechsler D. Wechsler Abbreviated Scale of Intelligence (WASI) 1999, San Antonio, TX: Harcourt Assessment.
40. Achenbach TM, Ruffle TM. The child behavior checklist and related forms for assessing behavioral/emotional problems and competencies. Pediatr Rev 2000, 21:265-71. 10.1542/pir.21-8-265, 10922023.
41. Baydar N, Brooks-Gunn J, Furstenberg FF. Early warning signs of functional illiteracy: Predictors in childhood and adolescence. Child Dev 1993, 64:815-29. 10.2307/1131220, 8339697.
42. Torgeson JK, Wagner RK, Rashotte CA. Test of Word Reading Efficiency 1999, Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
43. Mather N, Hammill DD, Allen EA, Roberts R. Test of Silent Word Reading Fluency 2004, Austin, TX: Pro-Ed.
44. Wagner R, Torgesen JK, Rashotte C. Ctopp: Comprehensive Test of Phonological Processing 1999, Austin, TX: Pro-ed.
45. Woodcock RW, McGre KS, Mather N. Woodcock-Johnson Psycho-educational Battery 2001, Itasca, IL: Riverside, 3.
46. Baddeley A. Working memory: Looking back and looking forward. Nat Rev Neurosci 2003, 4:829-39.
47. Gordon EE. Intermediate Measures of Music Audiation 1986, Chicago: GIA Publications, Inc.
48. Galbraith GC, Threadgill MR, Hemsley J, Salour K, Songdej N, Ton J, Cheung L. Putative measure of peripheral and brainstem frequency-following in humans. Neurosci Lett 2000, 292:123-7. 10.1016/S0304-3940(00)01436-1, 10998564.
49. Chandrasekaran B, Kraus N. The scalp-recorded brainstem response to speech: Neural origins and plasticity. Psychophysiology 2010, 47:236-246. 10.1111/j.1469-8986.2009.00928.x, 3088516, 19824950.
50. Klatt D. Software for a cascade/parallel formant synthesizer. J Acoust Soc Amer 1980, 67:13-33.
51. Skoe E, Kraus N. Auditory brain stem response to complex sounds: A tutorial. Ear Hear 2010, 31.
52. Hu L, Bentler PM. Fit indices in covariance structure modeling: Sensitivity to underparameterized model misspecification. Psycholog Method 1998, 3:424-453.
53. Goswami U. A temporal sampling framework for developmental dyslexia. Trends Cogn Sci 2011, 15:3-10. 10.1016/j.tics.2010.10.001, 21093350.
54. Chan AS, Ho YC, Cheung MC. Music training improves verbal memory. Nature 1998, 396:128. 10.1038/24075, 9823892.
55. Ho YC, Cheung MC, Chan AS. Music training improves verbal but not visual memory: Cross-sectional and longitudinal explorations in children. Neuropsycholog 2003, 17:439-450.
56. Haenschel C, Vernon DJ, Dwivedi P, Gruzelier JH, Baldeweg T. Event-related brain potential correlates of human auditory sensory memory-trace formation. J Neurosci 2005, 25:10494-501. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.1227-05.2005, 16280587.
57. Friston K. A theory of cortical responses. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2005, 360:815-36. 10.1098/rstb.2005.1622, 1569488, 15937014.
58. Bajo VM, Nodal FR, Moore DR, King AJ. The descending corticocollicular pathway mediates learning-induced auditory plasticity. Nat Neurosci 2010, 13:253-60. 10.1038/nn.2466, 20037578.
59. Krumhansl CL. Perceiving tonal structure in music. Amer Scient 1985, 73:371-378.
60. Hannon EE, Snyder JS, Eerola T, Krumhansl CL. The role of melodic and temporal cues in perceiving musical meter. J Exp Psychol Hum Percept Perform 2004, 30:956-74.
61. Large EW, Jones MR. The dynamics of attending: How people track time-varying events. Psycholog Rev 1999, 106:119-159.
62. Repp BH, London J, Keller PE. Production and synchronization of uneven rhythms at fast tempi. Music Percept 2005, 23:61-78.
63. Snyder JS, Hannon EE, Large EW, Christiansen MH. Synchronization and continuation tapping to complex meters. Music Percept 2006, 24:135-146.
64. Jones MR, Moynihan H, MacKenzie N, Puente J. Temporal aspects of stimulus-driven attending in dynamic arrays. Psycholog Sci 2002, 13:313-319.
65. Koelsch S, Siebel WA. Towards a neural basis of music perception. Trends Cogn Sci 2005, 9:578-584. 10.1016/j.tics.2005.10.001, 16271503.
66. Vuust P, Ostergaard L, Pallesen KJ, Bailey C, Roepstorff A. Predictive coding of music - brain responses to rhythmic incongruity. Cortex 2009, 45:80-92. 10.1016/j.cortex.2008.05.014, 19054506.
67. Trainor LJ, McDonald KL, Alain C. Automatic and controlled processing of melodic contour and interval information measured by electrical brain activity. J Cogn Neurosci 2002, 14:430-442. 10.1162/089892902317361949, 11970802.
68. Koelsch S, Schroger E, Tervaniemi M. Superior pre-attentive auditory processing in musicians. Neuroreport 1999, 10:1309-1313. 10.1097/00001756-199904260-00029, 10363945.
69. Tervaniemi M, Kruck S, De Baene W, Schroger E, Alter K, Friederici AD. Top-down modulation of auditory processing: Effects of sound context, musical expertise and attentional focus. Eur J Neurosci 2009, 30:1636-42. 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06955.x, 19821835.
70. Seppanen M, Brattico E, Tervaniemi M. Practice strategies of musicians modulate neural processing and the learning of sound-patterns. Neurobiol Learn Mem 2007, 87:236-47. 10.1016/j.nlm.2006.08.011, 17046293.
71. Wong PC, Skoe E, Russo NM, Dees T, Kraus N. Musical experience shapes human brainstem encoding of linguistic pitch patterns. Nat Neurosci 2007, 10:420-2.
72. Strait DL, Kraus N, Skoe E, Ashley R. Musical experience and neural efficiency: Effects of training on subcortical processing of vocal expressions of emotion. Eur J Neurosci 2009, 29:661-8. 10.1111/j.1460-9568.2009.06617.x, 19222564.
73. Gaser C, Schlaug G. Brain structures differ between musicians and nonmusicians. J Neurosci 2003, 23:9240-5.
74. Hutchinson S, Lee LH, Gaab N, Schlaug G. Cerebellar volume of musicians. Cereb Cortex 2003, 13:943-9. 10.1093/cercor/13.9.943, 12902393.
75. Norton A, Winner E, Cronin K, Overy K, Lee DJ, Schlaug G. Are there pre-existing neural, cognitive, or motoric markers for musical ability?. Brain Cogn 2005, 59:124-34. 10.1016/j.bandc.2005.05.009, 16054741.
76. Schlaug G. The brain of musicians. A model for functional and structural adaptation. Ann NY Acad Sci 2001, 930:281-99.
77. Schlaug G, Forgeard M, Zhu L, Norton A, Winner E. Training-induced neuroplasticity in young children. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009, 1169:205-8. 10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.04842.x, 3005566, 19673782.
78. Schlaug G, Norton A, Overy K, Winner E. Effects of music training on the child's brain and cognitive development. Ann NY Acad Sci 2005, 1060:219-30. 10.1196/annals.1360.015, 16597769.
79. Strait DL, Kraus N. Playing music for a smarter ear: Cognitive, perceptual and neurobiological evidence. Music Percept
80. Musacchia G, Sams M, Skoe E, Kraus N. Musicians have enhanced subcortical auditory and audiovisual processing of speech and music. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2007, 104:15894-8. 10.1073/pnas.0701498104, 2000431, 17898180.
81. Parbery-Clark A, Skoe E, Kraus N. Musical experience limits the degradative effects of background noise on the neural processing of sound. J Neurosci 2009, 29:14100-7. 10.1523/JNEUROSCI.3256-09.2009, 19906958.
82. Schon D, Magne C, Besson M. The music of speech: Music training facilitates pitch processing in both music and language. Psychophysiology 2004, 41:341-9. 10.1111/1469-8986.00172.x, 15102118.
83. Wisbey AS. Music as the source of learning 1980, Lancaster: M.T.P. Press, Ltd.
84. Douglas S, Willatts P. The relationship between musical ability and literacy skills. J Res Reading 1994, 17:99-107.
85. Moreno S, Marques C, Santos A, Santos M, Castro SL, Besson M. Musical training influences linguistic abilities in 8-year-old children: More evidence for brain plasticity. Cereb Cortex 2009, 19:712-23. 10.1093/cercor/bhn120, 18832336.
86. Overy K, Nicolson RI, Fawcett AJ, Clarke EF. Dyslexia and music: Measuring musical timing skills. Dyslexia 2003, 9:18-36. 10.1002/dys.233, 12625374.
87. Banai K, Hornickel J, Skoe E, Nicol T, Zecker S, Kraus N. Reading and subcortical auditory function. Cereb Cortex 2009, 19:2699-707. 10.1093/cercor/bhp024, 2758683, 19293398.
88. Hornickel J, Skoe E, Nicol T, Zecker S, Kraus N. Subcortical differentiation of voiced stop consonants: Relationships to reading and speech in noise perception. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 2009, 106:13022-13027. 10.1073/pnas.0901123106, 2722305, 19617560.
89. Russo NM, Nicol TG, Zecker SG, Hayes EA, Kraus N. Auditory training improves neural timing in the human brainstem. Behav Brain Res 2005, 156:95-103. 10.1016/j.bbr.2004.05.012, 15474654.
90. Song JH, Skoe E, Wong PC, Kraus N. Plasticity in the adult human auditory brainstem following short-term linguistic training. J Cogn Neurosci 2008, 20:1892-902. 10.1162/jocn.2008.20131, 2829864, 18370594.
91. Song JH, Nicol T, Kraus N. Test-retest reliability of the speech-evoked auditory brainstem response. Clin Neurophysiol 2010,
92. Gordon EE. Tonal and rhythm patterns, an objective analysis: A taxonomy of tonal patterns and rhythm patterns and seminal experimental evidence of their difficulty and growth rate 1976, Albany: State University of New York Press.
93. Strait DL, Kraus N, Skoe E, Ashley R. Musical experience promotes subcortical efficiency in processing emotional vocal sounds, in The neurosciences and music iii: Disorders and plasticity. Ann NY Acad Sci 2009, 209-13. Dalla Bella S, Kraus N, Overy K, Pantev C.
94. Ohnishi T, Matsuda H, Asada T, Aruga M, Hirakata M, Nishikawa M, Katoh A, Imabayashi E. Functional anatomy of musical perception in musicians. Cereb Cortex 2001, 11:754-760. 10.1093/cercor/11.8.754, 11459765.
95. Pantev C, Oostenveld R, Engelien A, Ross B, Roberts LE, Hoke M. Increased auditory cortical representation in musicians. Nature 1998, 392:811-4. 10.1038/33918, 9572139.
96. Trainor LJ, Desjardins RN, Rockel C. A comparison of contour and interval processing in musicians and nonmusicians using event-related potentials. Australian J Psycholog: Special Issue on Music as a Brain and Behavioural System 1999, 51:147-153.
97. Trainor LJ. Are there critical periods for musical development?. Dev Psychobiol 2005, 46:262-78. 10.1002/dev.20059, 15772967.