Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage, sex ratios and asexual parasite rates in Nigerian children before and after a treatment protocol policy change instituting the use of artemisinin-based combination therapies

Memorias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz

Volumn 106, Issue 6, 2011, Pages 685-690

  Gbotosho, Grace Olusola ^a   Sowunmi, Akintunde ^a   Happi, Christian Tientcha ^a   Okuboyejo, Titilope Modupe ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF IBADAN   (Nigeria)

Author keywords

Artemisinin drugs; Children; Gametocyte carriage; P. falciparum; Parasite rate; Sex ratio

Indexed keywords

ANTIMALARIAL AGENT; ARTEMISININ DERIVATIVE; CHLOROQUINE;

ADOLESCENT; ARTICLE; CHILD; DRUG COMBINATION; DRUG EFFECT; FEMALE; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; HUMAN; INFANT; MALARIA FALCIPARUM; MALE; METHODOLOGY; NIGERIA; PARASITEMIA; PARASITOLOGY; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; PRESCHOOL CHILD; SEX RATIO;

ADOLESCENT; ANTIMALARIALS; ARTEMISININS; CHILD; CHILD, PRESCHOOL; CHLOROQUINE; DRUG THERAPY, COMBINATION; FEMALE; HUMANS; INFANT; MALARIA, FALCIPARUM; MALE; NIGERIA; PARASITEMIA; PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM; SEX RATIO;

PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM;

EID: 80053957205     PISSN: 00740276     EISSN: 16788060     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1590/S0074-02762011000600007     Document Type: Article

References (33)

1. Carter R, Graves PM 1988. Gametocytes. In WH Wernsdorfer, I Mc-Gregor (eds.), Malaria: principles and practice of malariology, vol. I, Churchill Livingstone, Edinburgh, p. 253-303.
2. CDC-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 1994. Epi Info version 6. A word processing data base and statistics program for public health on IBM-compatible microcomputers. CDC, Atlanta, GA, USA.
3. Drew DR, Reece SE 2007. Development of reverse-transcription PCR techniques to analyse the density and sex ratio of gametocytes in genetically diverse Plasmodium chabaudi infections. Mol Biochem Parasitol 156: 199-209.
4. FMH - Federal Ministry of Health 2005. National Antimalarial Treatment Guidelines, FMH, Abuja, 33 pp.
5. Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Falade CO, Akinboye DO, Gerena L, Hudson T, Sowunmi A, Kyle DE, Milhous W, Wirth DF, Oduola AMJ 2003. Point mutation in the pfcrt and pfmdr-1 genes of Plasmodium falciparum and clinical response to chloroquine among malaria patients from Nigeria. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 97: 439-451.
6. Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Folarin OA, Bolaji OM, Sowunmi A, Kyle DE, Milhous W, Wirth DF, Oduola AMJ 2006. Association between mutations in pfcrt and pfmdr-1 genes and in vivo amodiaquine resistance in falciparum malaria-infected children in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 75: 155-161.
7. Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Folarin OA, Sowunmi A, Hudson T, O'Neil M, Milhous W, Wirth DF, Oduola AMJ 2009. Selection of Plas modium falciparum multi-drug resistance gene 1 alleles in asexual stages and gametocytes by artemether-lumefantrine in Nigerian children with uncomplicated falciparum malaria. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 53: 888-895.
8. Happi CT, Gbotosho GO, Sowunmi A, Falade CO, Akinboye DO, Hudson T, Gerena L, Kyle DE, Milhous W, Wirth DF, Oduola AMJ 2004. Molecular analysis of Plasmodium falciparum recrudescent malaria infections in children treated with chloroquine in Nigeria. Am J Trop Med Hyg 70: 20-26.
9. Mitri C, Thiery I, Bourgouin C, Paul REL 2009. Density-dependent impact of the human malaria parasite Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte sex ratio on mosquito infection rates. Proc R Soc Lond Series B 276: 3721-3726.
10. Mokuolu OA, Okoro EO, Ayetoro SO, Adewara AA 2007. Effect of artemisinin-based treatment policy on consumption pattern of antimalarials. Am J Trop Med Hyg 76: 7-11.
11. Nee S, West SA, Read AF 2002. Inbreeding and parasite sex ratios. Proc R Soc Lond Series B 269: 755-760.
12. Okell LC, Drakeley CJ, Ghani AC, Bousema T, Sutherland CJ 2008. Reduction of transmission from malaria patients by artemisinin combination therapies: a pooled analysis of six randomized trials. Malaria J 7: 125.
13. Ouédraogo AL, Bousema T, Schneider P, de Vlas SJ, Iboudo-Sanogo E, Cuzin-Ouattara N, Néblé I, Roeffen W, Verhave JP, Luty AJ, Sauerwein R 2009. Substantial contribution of submicroscopical Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage to the infectious reservoir in an area of seasonal transmission. PLoS ONE 4: e8140.
14. Pickering J, Read AF, Guerrero S, West SA 2000. Sex ratio and virulence in two species of lizard malaria parasites. Evol Ecol Res 2: 171-184.
15. Price RN, Nosten F, Luxemburger C, ter Kuile KO, Paiphun L, Chongsuphajasiddhi T, White NJ 1996. Effects of artemisinin derivatives on malaria transmissibility. Lancet 347: 1654-1658.
16. Read AF, Narara A, Nee S, Keymer AE, Day KP 1992. Gametocyte sex ratios as indirect measures of outcrossing rates in malaria. Parasitol 104: 387-395.
17. Reece SE, Drew DR, Gardner A 2008. Sex ratio adjustment and kin discrimination in malaria parasites. Nature 453: 609-614.
18. Robert V, Read AF, Essong J, Tchuinkam T, Mulder B, Verhave JP, Carnevale P 1996. Effects of gametocyte sex ratio on infectivity of Plasmodium falciparum to Anopheles gambiae. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 90: 621-624.
19. Robert V, Sokhna CS, Rogier C, Ariey F, Trape JF 2003. Sex ratio of Plasmodium falciparum gametocytes in inhabitants of Dielmo, Senegal. Parasitology 127: 1-8.
20. Salako LA, Ajayi FO, Sowunmi A, Walker O 1990. Malaria in Nigeria: a revisit. Ann Trop Med Parasitol 84: 435-445.
21. Shekalaghe SA, Bousema JT, Kunel KK, Lushino P, Masokoto A, Wolters LR, Mwakalinga S, Mosha FW, Sauerwein RW, Drakeley CJ 2007. Submicroscopic Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte carriage is common in an area of low and seasonal transmission in Tanzania. Trop Med Inter Health 12: 547-553.
22. Sinden RE 1983. Sexual development of malaria parasites. Adv Parasitol 22: 153-216.
23. Sowunmi A, Balogun ST, Gbotosho GO, Happi CT 2009a. Plasmodium falciparum sex ratios in acutely symptomatic children treated with antimalarial drugs. Acta Tropica 109: 108-117.
24. Sowunmi A, Balogun T, Gbotosho GO, Happi CT, Adedeji AA, Fehintola FA 2007. Activities of amodiaquine, artesunate and artesunate-amodiaquine against asexual- and sexual stage parasites in falciparum malaria in children. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 51: 1694-1699.
25. Sowunmi A, Gbotosho GO, Happi CT, Folarin OA, Balogun ST 2009b. Population structure of Plasmodium falciparum gametocyte sex ratios in malarious children in an endemic area. Parasitol International 58: 438-443.
26. SPSS 1999. SPSS for Windows release 10.01 (standard version). SPSS Inc, Chicago, IL, USA.
27. Tchuinkam T, Mulder B, Dechering K, Stoffels H, Verhave JP, Cot M, Carnevale P, Meuwissen JEH, Robert V 1993. Experimental infections of Anopheles gambiae with Plasmodium falciparum of naturally infected gametocyte carriers in Cameroon: factors influencing the infectivity to mosquitoes. Trop Med Parasitol 44: 271-276.
28. West SA, Reece SE, Read AF 2001. Evolution of gametocyte sex ratios in malaria and related apicomplexan (protozoan) parasites. Trends Parasitol 17: 525-531.
29. West SA, Smith TG, Nee S, Read AF 2002. Fertility insurance and the sex ratios of malaria and related hemosporin blood parasites. J Parasitol 88: 258-263.
30. West SA, Smith TG, Read AF 2000. Sex allocation and population structure in apicomplexan (protozoa) parasites. Proc R Soc Lond Series B 267: 257-263.
31. WHO-World Health Organization 2000. Severe falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 94 (Suppl. 1): 1-90.
32. WHO-World Health Organization 2001. Antimalarial drug combination therapy. Report of a WHO Technical Consultation, Document WHO/CDS/RBM/2001.35, WHO, Geneva, 36 pp.
33. WHO-World Health Organization 2010. [acessed 7 December 2010]. Roll Back Malaria 2010. Available from: rollbackmalaria.org/cmc-upload/0/000/015/364/RBMInfosheet-9.htm.