Social personality traits in chimpanzees: Temporal stability and structure of behaviourally assessed personality traits in three captive populations

Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology

Volumn 65, Issue 11, 2011, Pages 2161-2174

  Koski, Sonja E ^a,b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF ZURICH   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

Activity; Anxiety; Chimpanzee; Pan troglodytes; Personality; Sociability

Indexed keywords

ACTIVITY PATTERN; CAPTIVE POPULATION; EUSOCIALITY; FACTOR ANALYSIS; FITNESS; LIFE HISTORY TRAIT; PRIMATE; SOCIAL BEHAVIOR; TEMPORAL ANALYSIS; ZOO;

ANIMALIA; PAN; PAN TROGLODYTES;

EID: 80053940816     PISSN: 03405443     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1007/s00265-011-1224-0     Document Type: Article

References (105)

1. Anestis SF (2005) Behavioral style, dominance rank, and urinary cortisol in young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Behaviour 142: 1245-1268.
2. Anestis SF (2006) Testosterone in juvenile and adolescent male chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes): effects of dominance rank, aggression, and behavioral style. Am J Phys Anthropol 130: 536-545.
3. Animal Behaviour Society Guidelines (2006) Anim Behav 71: 245-253.
4. Baker K, Smuts BB (1994) Social relationships of female chimpanzees. Diversity between captive social groups. In: Wrangham RW, McGrew WC, de Waal FBM, Heltne PG (eds) Chimpanzee cultures. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 227-242.
5. Barber I, Dingemanse NJ (2010) Parasitism and the evolutionary ecology of animal personality. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 365: 4077-4088.
6. Beaton EA, Schmidt LA, Schulkin AS, Martin M, Swinson RP, Hall GB (2008) Different neural responses to stranger and personally familiar faces in shy and bold adults. Behav Neurosci 122: 704-709.
7. Bell AM (2005) Behavioural differences between individuals and two populations of stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). J Evol Biol 18: 464-473.
8. Bell AM, Hankison SJ, Laskowski KL (2009) The repeatability of behaviour: a meta-analysis. Anim Behav 77: 771-783.
9. Bergmuller R, Taborsky M (2007) Adaptive behavioural syndromes due to strategic niche specialization. BMC Ecol 7. doi: 10. 1186/1472-6785-7-12.
10. Bergmüller R, Taborsky M (2010) Animal personality due to social niche specialisation. Trends Ecol Evol 25: 504-511.
11. Bergmüller R, Schürch R, Hamilton IM (2010) Evolutionary causes and consequences of consistent individual variation in cooperative behaviour. Philos Trans R Soc B Biol Sci 365: 2751-2764.
12. Boesch C, Kouhou G, Nene H, Vigilant L (2006) Male competition and paternity in wild chimpanzees of the Taï forest. Am J Phys Anthropol 130: 103-115.
13. Bouchard TJ, Loehlin JC (2001) Genes, evolution, and personality. Behav Genet 31: 243-273.
14. Buchanan T, Johnson JA, Goldberg LR (2005) Implementing a five-factor personality inventory for use on the internet. Eur J Psychol Assess 21: 115-127.
15. Budaev SV (1997) "Personality" in the guppy (Poecilia reticulata): a correlational study of exploratory behavior and social tendency. J Comp Psychol 111: 399-411.
16. Budaev SV (2010) Using principal components and factor analysis in animal behaviour research: caveats and guidelines. Ethology 116: 472-480.
17. Capitanio JP (1999) Personality dimensions in adult male rhesus macaques: prediction of behaviors across time and situation. Am J Primatol 47: 299-320.
18. Capitanio JP, Mendoza SP, Baroncelli S (1999) The relationship of personality dimensions in adult male rhesus macaques to progression of simian immunodeficiency virus disease. Brain Behav Immun 13: 138-154.
19. Cheney DL (1992) Intragroup cohesion and intergroup hostility: the relation between grooming distributions and intergroup competition among female primates. Behav Ecol 3: 334-345.
20. Cords M, Aureli F (2000) Reconciliation and relationship qualities. In: Aureli F, de Waal FBM (eds) Natural conflict resolution. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 177-198.
21. Costa PT, McCrae RR (1992) Four ways five factors are basic. Pers Indiv Differ 13: 635-665.
22. Cote J, Clobert J (2007) Social personalities influence natal dispersal in a lizard. Proc R Soc B 274: 383-390.
23. Cote J, Dreiss A, Clobert J (2008) Social personality trait and fitness. Proc R Soc B 275: 2851-2858.
24. Cote J, Clobert J, Brodin T, Fogarty S, Sih A (2010) Personality-dependent dispersal: characterization, ontogeny and consequences for spatially structured populations. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 365: 4065-4076.
25. Croft DP, James R, Ward AJW, Botham S, Mawdsley D, Krause J (2005) Assortative interactions and social networks in fish. Oecologia 143: 211-219.
26. Croft DP, Krause J, Darden SK, Ramnarine IW, Faria JF, James R (2009) Behavioural trait assortment in a social network: patterns and implications. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 63: 1495-1503.
27. Dall SRX, Houston AI, McNamara JM (2004) The behavioural ecology of personality: consistent individual differences from an adaptive perspective. Ecol Lett 7: 734-739.
28. De Waal FBM (1994) Chimpanzee's adaptive potential. A comparison of social life under captive and wild conditions. In: Wrangham RW, McGrew WC, de Waal FBM, Heltne PG (eds) Chimpanzee cultures. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, pp 243-260.
29. Di Bitetti MS (2000) The distribution of grooming among female primates: testing hypotheses with the Shannon-Wiener diversity index. Behaviour 137: 1517-1540.
30. Dingemanse NJ, Wolf M (2010) Recent models for adaptive personality differences: a review. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 365: 3947-3958.
31. Dingemanse NJ, Both C, Drent PJ, van Oers K, van Noordwijk AJ (2002) Repeatability and heritability of exploratory behaviour in great tits from the wild. Anim Behav 64: 929-938.
32. Dingemanse NJ, Dochtermann N, Wright J (2010a) A method for exploring the structure of behavioural syndromes to allow formal comparison within and between data sets. Anim Behav 79: 439-450.
33. Dingemanse NJ, Kazem AJN, Réale D, Wright J (2010b) Behavioural reaction norms: animal personality meets individual plasticity. Trends Ecol Evol 25: 81-89.
34. Doran D (1997) Influence of seasonality on activity patterns, feeding behavior, ranging, and grouping patterns in Tai chimpanzees. Int J Primatol 18: 183-206.
35. Duffy KG, Wrangham RW, Silk JB (2007) Male chimpanzees exchange political support for mating opportunities. Curr Biol 17: R586-R587.
36. Dunbar RIM (1993) Functional significance of social grooming in primates. Folia Primatol 57: 121-131.
37. Field A (2005) Discovering statistics using SPSS, 2nd edn. Sage, London.
38. Fishman MA, Lotem A, Stone L (2001) Heterogeneity stabilizes reciprocal altruism interactions. J Theor Biol 209: 87-95.
39. Flack JC, Girvan M, de Waal FBM, Krakauer DC (2006) Policing stabilizes construction of social niches in primates. Nature 439: 426-429.
40. Foster MW, Gilby IC, Murray CM, Johnson A, Wroblewski EE, Pusey AE (2009) Alpha male chimpanzee grooming patterns: implications for dominance "style". Am J Primatol 71: 136-144.
41. Fraser ON, Schino G, Aureli F (2008) Components of relationship quality in chimpanzees. Ethology 114: 834-843.
42. Freeman HD, Gosling SD (2010) Personality in nonhuman primates: a review and evaluation of past research. Am J Primatol 72: 653-671.
43. Fucikova E, Drent PJ, Smits N, van Oers K (2009) Handling stress as a measurement of personality in great tit nestlings (Parus major). Ethology 115: 366-374.
44. Garamszegi LZ, Eens M, Torok J, Tregenza T (2008) Birds reveal their personality when singing. PLoS One 3: e2647.
45. Gilby IC, Wrangham RW (2008) Association patterns among wild chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes schweinfurthii) reflect sex differences in cooperation. Behav Ecol Sociobiol 62: 1831-1842.
46. Gosling SD (2001) From mice to men: what can we learn about personality from animal research? Psychol Bull 127: 45-86.
47. Gunthert B, Cimbolic K, Lawrence CH, Stephen A (1999) The role of neuroticism in daily stress and coping. J Pers Soc Psychol 77: 1087-1100.
48. Herrmann E, Hernandez-Lloreda MV, Call J, Hare B, Tomasello M (2010) The structure of individual differences in the cognitive abilities of children and chimpanzees. Psychol Sci 2: 102-110.
49. Jokela M, Kivimaki M, Elovainio M, Keltinkangas-Jarvinen L (2009) Personality and having children: a two-way relationship. J Pers Soc Psychol 96: 218-230.
50. King J, Figueredo AJ (1997) The five-factor model plus dominance in chimpanzee personality. J Res Pers 31: 257-271.
51. Konečná M, Lhota S, Weiss A, Urbanek T, Adamova T, Pluhacek J (2008) Personality in free-ranging Hanuman langur (Semnopithecus entellus) males: subjective ratings and recorded behavior. J Comp Psychol 122: 379-389.
52. Koolhaas JM, Korte SM, De Boer SF, van der Vegt BJ, van Reenen CG, Hopster H, De Jong IC, Ruis MAW, Blokhuis HJ (1999) Coping styles in animals: current status in behavior and stress-physiology. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 23: 925-935.
53. Kortet R, Hedrick A (2007) A behavioural syndrome in the field cricket Gryllus integer: intrasexual aggression is correlated with activity in a novel environment. Biol J Linn Soc 91: 475-482.
54. Koski SE (2011) How to measure animal personality and why does it matter? Integrating the psychological and biological approaches to animal personality. In: Inoue-Murayama M, Kawamura S, Weiss A (eds) From genes to animal behavior. Social structures, personalities, communication by color. Springer, Tokyo, pp 115-136.
55. Krause J, James R, Croft DP (2010) Personality in the context of social networks. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 365: 4009-4106.
56. Langergraber K, Mitani J, Vigilant L (2009) Kinship and social bonds in female chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Am J Primatol 71: 840-851.
57. Leavens DA, Aureli F, Hopkins WD, Hyatt CW (2001) Effects of cognitive challenge on self-directed behaviors by chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Am J Primatol 55: 1-14.
58. Lehmann J, Boesch C (2008) Sex differences in chimpanzee sociality. Int J Primatol 29: 65-81.
59. Lessells CM, Boag PT (1987) Unrepeatable repeatabilities: a common mistake. Auk 104: 116-121.
60. Maestripieri G, Schino G, Aureli F, Troisi A (1992) A modest proposal: displacement activities as indicators of emotions in primates. Anim Behav 44: 967-979.
61. Martin P, Bateson P (1993) Measuring behaviour: an introductory guide, 2nd edn. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge.
62. Matsumoto-Oda A, Oda R (2001) Activity budgets of wild chimpanzees in different reproductive states. J Ethol 19: 17-21.
63. McGraw KO, Wong SP (1996) Forming inferences about some intraclass correlation coefficients. Psychol Meth 1: 30-46.
64. McNamara JM, Stephens PA, Dall SRX, Houston AI (2009) Evolution of trust and trustworthiness: social awareness favours personality differences. Proc R Soc B 276: 605-613.
65. Mitani JC (2009) Male chimpanzees form enduring and equitable social bonds. Anim Behav 77: 633-640.
66. Mitani JC, Merriwether DA, Zhang CB (2000) Male affiliation, cooperation and kinship in wild chimpanzees. Anim Behav 59: 885-893.
67. Muller MN, Mitani JC (2005) Conflict and cooperation in wild chimpanzees. Adv Stud Behav 35: 275-331.
68. Muris P, de Jong PJ, Engelen S (2004) Relationships between neuroticism, attentional control, and anxiety disorders symptoms in non-clinical children. Pers Indiv Differ 37: 789-797.
69. Murray LE (1998) The effects of group structure and rearing strategy on personality in chimpanzees Pan troglodytes at Chester, London and Twycross Zoos. Int Zoo Yearbk 36: 97-108.
70. Nettle D (2005) An evolutionary approach to the extraversion continuum. Evol Hum Behav 26: 363-373.
71. Nettle D, Liddle B (2008) Agreeableness is related to social-cognitive, but not social-perceptual, theory of mind. Eur J Pers 22: 323-335.
72. Nettle D, Penke L (2010) Personality: bridging the literatures from human psychology and behavioural ecology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 365: 4043-4050.
73. Nieuwenhuijsen K, de Waal FBM (1982) Effects of spatial crowding on social behavior in a chimpanzee colony. Zoo Biol 1: 5-28.
74. Nishida T, Zamma K, Matsusaka T, Inaba A, McGrew WC (2010) Chimpanzee behavior in the wild: an audio-visual encyclopedia. Springer-Verlag, Tokyo.
75. Penke L, Denissen JA, Miller GF (2007) The evolutionary genetics of personality. Eur J Pers 21: 549-587.
76. Pepper JW, Mitani JC, Watts DP (1999) General gregariousness and specific social preferences among wild chimpanzees. Int J Primatol 20: 613-632.
77. Pike T, Samanta M, Lindström J, Royle NJ (2008) Behavioural phenotype affects social interactions in an animal network. Proc Biol Sci 275: 2515-2520.
78. Pusey A, Williams J, Goodall J (1997) The influence of dominance rank on the reproductive success of female chimpanzees. Science 277: 828-831.
79. Reader SM (2003) Innovation and social learning: individual variation and brain evolution. Anim Biol 53: 147-158.
80. Réale D, Reader SM, Sol D, Mcdougall PT, Dingemanse NJ (2007) Integrating animal temperament within ecology and evolution. Biol Rev 82: 291-318.
81. Réale D, Dingemanse NJ, Kazem AJN, Wright J (2010) Evolutionary and ecological approaches to the study of personality. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 365: 3937-3946.
82. Ruis MAW, te Brake JHA, van de Burgwal JA, de Jong IC, Blokhuis HJ, Koolhaas JM (2000) Personalities in female domesticated pigs: behavioural and physiological indications. Appl Anim Behav Sci 66: 31-47.
83. Schino G, Perretta G, Taglioni AM, Monaco V, Troisi A (1996) Primate displacement activities as an ethopharmacological model of anxiety. Anxiety 2: 186-191.
84. Schmitt DP (2004) The Big Five related to risky behaviour across 10 world regions: differential personality associations of sexual promiscuity and relationship infidelity. Eur J Pers 18: 301-319.
85. Schuett W, Dall SRX (2009) Sex differences, social context and personality in zebra finches, Taeniopygia guttata. Anim Behav 77: 1041-1050.
86. Schuett W, Tregenza T, Dall SRX (2010) Sexual selection and animal personality. Biol Rev 85: 217-246.
87. Schürch R, Heg D (2010) Life history and behavioral type in the highly social cichlid Neolamprologus Pulcher. Behav Ecol 21: 588-598.
88. Schürch R, Rothenberger S, Heg D (2010) The building-up of social relationships: behavioural types, social networks and cooperative breeding in a cichlid. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 365: 4089-4098.
89. Sih A, Bell AM (2008) Insights for behavioral ecology from behavioral syndromes. Adv Stud Behav 38: 227-281.
90. Sih A, Watters JV (2005) The mix matters: behavioral types and group dynamics in water striders. Behaviour 142: 1417-1431.
91. Sih A, Bell AM, Johnson JC, Ziemba RE (2004) Behavioural syndromes: an integrative overview. Q Rev Biol 79: 241-277.
92. Silk JB (2002) Using the 'F'-word in primatology. Behaviour 139: 421-446.
93. Silk JB, Beehner JC, Bergman TJ, Crockford C, Engh AL, Moscovice LR, Wittig RM, Seyfarth RM, Cheney DL (2009) The benefits of social capital: close social bonds among female baboons enhance offspring survival. Proc R Soc B 276: 3099-3104.
94. Silk JB, Beehner JC, Bergman TJ, Crockford C, Engh AL, Moscovice LR, Wittig RM, Seyfarth RM, Cheney DL (2010) Strong and consistent social bonds enhance the longevity of female baboons. Curr Biol 20: 1359-1361. doi: 10. 1016/j. cub. 2010. 05. 067.
95. Smith BR, Blumstein DT (2008) Fitness consequences of personality: a meta-analysis. Behav Ecol 19: 448-455.
96. Swickert RJ, Rosentrerer CJ, Hittner JB, Mushrush JE (2002) Extraversion, social support process, and stress. Pers Indiv Differ 32: 87-891.
97. Uher J (2008) Comparative personality research: methodological approaches. Eur J Pers 22: 427-455.
98. Uher J, Asendorpf JB, Call J (2008) Personality in the behaviour of great apes: temporal stability, cross-situational consistency and coherence in response. Anim Behav 75: 99-112.
99. van Hooff JARAM (1973) A structural analysis of the social behaviour of a semi-captive group of chimpanzees. In: von Cranach M, Vine I (eds) Social communication and movement. Academic, London, pp 75-162.
100. Virgin CE, Sapolsky RM (1997) Styles of male social behavior and their endocrine correlates among low-ranking baboons. Am J Primatol 42: 25-39.
101. Watts DP (2000) Grooming between male chimpanzees at Ngogo, Kibale National Park. I. Partner number and diversity and grooming reciprocity. Int J Primatol 21: 189-210.
102. Weinstein TAR, Capitanio JP (2008) Individual differences in infant temperament predict social relationships of yearling rhesus monkeys, Macaca mulatta. Anim Behav 76: 455-465.
103. Weiss A, King JE, Enns RM (2002) Subjective well-being is heritable and genetically correlated with dominance in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). J Pers Soc Psychol 83: 1141-1149.
104. Weiss A, King JE, Hopkins WD (2007) A cross-setting study of chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) personality structure and development: zoological parks and Yerkes National Primate Research Center. Am J Primatol 69: 1264-1277.
105. Wood W (1998) Interactions among environmental enrichment, viewing crowds, and zoo chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). Zoo Biol 17: 211-230.