So what's wrong with the EU? Motivations underlying the eurosceptic vote in the 2009 european elections

European Union Politics

Volumn 12, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 405-429

  van Spanje, Joost ^a   de Vreese, Claes ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF AMSTERDAM   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

elections; Euroscepticism; multilevel modelling; political parties; voter survey; voting

Indexed keywords

EID: 80053588501     PISSN: 14651165     EISSN: 17412757     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1177/1465116511410750     Document Type: Article

References (57)

1. Anderson CJ (1998) When in doubt, use proxies: Attitudes toward domestic politics and support for European integration. Comparative Political Studies 31(5): 569-601.
2. Azrout R., Van Spanje J. and De Vreese CH (2011) Talking Turkey: Anti-immigrant attitudes and their effect on support for Turkish membership of the EU. European Union Politics, forthcoming.
3. Boomgaarden HG, Schuck ART, Elenbaas M. and De Vreese CH (2011) Mapping EU attitudes: Conceptual and empirical dimensions of Euroscepticism and EU support. European Union Politics 12(2): 241-266.
4. Clark N. and Rohrschneider R. (2009) Second-order elections versus first-order thinking: How voters perceive the representation process in a multi-layered system of governance. European Integration 31(5): 613-632.
5. Converse P. (1964) The nature of belief systems in mass publics. In: Apter DE (ed.) Ideology and Discontent. New York: Free Press, 206-261.
6. De Vreese CH (2004) Primed by the euro: The impact of a referendum campaign on public opinion and evaluations of government and political leaders. Scandinavian Political Studies 27: 45-65.
7. De Vreese CH (2006) Political parties in dire straits? Consequences of national referendums for political parties. Party Politics 12(5): 581-598.
8. De Vreese CH and Semetko HA (2004) Political Campaigning in Referendums: Framing the Referendum Issue. Milton Park: Routledge.
9. De Vreese CH and Tobiasen M. (2007) Conflict and identity: Explaining turnout and antiintegrationist voting in the Danish 2004 elections for the European Parliament. Scandinavian Political Studies 30(1): 87-114.
10. De Vreese CH and Boomgaarden H. (2005) Projecting EU referendums: Fear of immigration and support for European integration. European Union Politics 6(1): 59-82.
11. De Vreese CH, Boomgaarden HG and Semetko HA (2008) Hard and soft: Public support for Turkish membership in the EU. European Union Politics 9(4): 537-556.
12. De Vreese CH, Van Spanje JHP, Schuck ART, Boomgaarden HG, Vliegenthart R., Azrout R. and Elenbaas M. (2010) 2009 European Election Campaign Study, Scenario I: Data and Documentation. Amsterdam: University of Amsterdam.
13. De Vries CE (2007) Sleeping giant: Fact or fairytale? Examining the impact of European integration on national elections in Denmark and the Netherlands. European Union Politics 8(3): 363-385.
14. De Vries CE (2009) The impact of EU referenda on national electoral politics: Evidence from the Dutch case. West European Politics 32(1): 142-171.
15. De Vries CE (2010) EU issue voting: Asset or liability? How European integration affects parties' electoral fortunes. European Union Politics 11(1): 89-117.
16. De Vries CE and Tillman E. (2011) European Union issue voting in East and West Europe: The role of political context. Comparative European Politics, (forthcoming).
17. De Vries CE, Van der Brug W., Van Egmond MH and Van der Eijk C. (2011) Individual and contextual variation in EU issue voting: The role of political information. Electoral Studies, forthcoming.
18. Easton D. (1965) A Systems Analysis of Political Life. New York: Wiley.
19. Easton D. (1975) A re-assessment of the concept of political support. British Journal of Political Science 5: 435-457.
20. Ferrara F. and Weishaupt JT (2004) Get your act together: Party performance in European Parliamentary elections. European Union Politics 5(3): 283-306.
21. Franklin M., Van der Eijk C. and Marsh M. (1995) Referendum outcomes and trust in government: Public support for Europe in the wake of Maastricht. West European Politics 18.
22. Gabel M. (1998) Public support for European integration: An empirical test of five theories. Journal of Politics 60(2): 333-354.
23. Gabel M. (2003) Public support for the European Parliament. Journal of Common Market Studies 41(2): 289-308.
24. Gabel M. and Scheve K. (2007) Mixed messages: Party dissent and mass opinion on European integration. European Union Politics 8(1): 37-59.
25. Hix S. (2008) What's Wrong with the European Union and How to Fix It. Cambridge: Polity.
26. Hix S. and Marsh M. (2007) Punishment or protest? Understanding European Parliament elections. Journal of Politics 69(2): 495-510.
27. Hobolt SB (2009) Europe in Question. Referendums on European Integration. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
28. Hobolt SB, Spoon J. and Tilley J. (2009) A vote against Europe? Explaining defection at the 1999 and 2004 European Parliament elections. British Journal of Political Science 39(1): 93-115.
29. Hooghe L. and Marks G. (2004) Does identity or economic rationality drive public opinion about European integration? PS, 2004 (July): 1-6.
30. Hooghe L. and Marks G. (2009) A postfunctionalist theory of European integration: From permissive consensus to constraining dissensus. British Journal of Political Science 39: 1-23.
31. Inglehart R. (1971) Public opinion and European integration. In: Lindberg LN and Scheingold SA (eds) Regional Integration: Theory and Research. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
32. Karp JA and Bowler S. (2006) Broadening and deepening or broadening versus deepening - The question of enlargement and Europe's 'hesitant Europeans'. European Journal of Political Research 45(3): 369-390.
33. King G., Tomz M. and Wittenberg J. (2000) Making the most of statistical analyses: Improving interpretation and presentation. American Journal of Political Science 44(2): 347-361.
34. Krouwel A. and Abts K. (2007) Varieties of Euroscepticism and populist mobilization: Transforming attitudes from mild Euroscepticism to harsh Eurocynicism. Acta Politica 42: 252-270.
35. Lindberg LN and Scheingold SA (eds) (1971) Regional Integration: Theory and Research. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
36. Lord C. (2001) Democracy and democratization in the European Union. In: Bromley S (ed.) Governing the European Union. Los Angeles, CA: Sage.
37. Lubbers M. and Scheepers P. (2005) Political versus instrumental Euro-scepticism. European Union Politics 6(2): 223-242.
38. Lubbers M. and Scheepers P. (2010) Divergent trends of Euroscepticism in countries and regions of the European Union. European Journal of Political Research 49(6): 787-817.
39. McLaren LM (2002) Public support for the European Union: Cost/benefit analysis or perceived cultural threat? Journal of Politics 64(2): 551-566.
40. McLaren L. (2007) Explaining opposition to Turkish membership of the EU. European Union Politics 8(2): 251-278.
41. Marsh M. (1998) Testing the second-order election model after four European elections. British Journal of Political Science 28(4): 591-607.
42. Moravcsik A. (1991) Negotiating the Single European Act: National interests and conventional statecraft in the European Community. International Organization 45(1): 19-56.
43. Ray L. (2007) Mainstream Euroskepticism: Trend or oxymoron? Acta Politica 42(2-3): 153-172.
44. Reif K. and Schmitt H. (1980) Nine second-order national elections: A conceptual framework for the analysis of European election results. European Journal of Political Research 8(1): 3-44.
45. Rohrschneider R. and Loveless M. (2010) Macro salience: How economic and political contexts mediate popular evaluations of the democracy deficit in the European Union. Journal of Politics 72(4): 1029-1045.
46. Schmitt H. (2005) The European Parliament elections of June 2004: Still second order? West European Politics 28(3): 650-679.
47. Schoen H. (2008) Turkey's bid for EU membership, contrasting views of public opinion, and vote choice. Evidence from the 2005 German federal election. Electoral Studies 27: 344-355.
48. Schuck ART and De Vreese CH (2008) The Dutch no to the EU Constitution: Assessing the role of EU skepticism and the campaign. Journal of Elections, Public Opinion and Parties 18(1): 101-128.
49. Schuck ART, Xezonakis G., Elenbaas M., Banducci S. and De Vreese C. (2011) Party contestation and Europe on the news agenda: The 2009 European Parliamentary elections. Electoral Studies, forthcoming.
50. Siune K. and Svensson P. (1993) The Danes and the Maastricht Treaty: The Danish EC referendum of June 1992. Electoral Studies 12(2): 99-111.
51. Svensson P. (2002) Five Danish referendums on the European Community and European Union: A critical assessment of the Franklin thesis. European Journal of Political Research 41(6): 733-750.
52. Taggart P. and Szczerbiak A. (2004) Contemporary Euroscepticism in the party systems of the European Union candidate states of Central and Eastern Europe. European Journal of Political Research 43(1): 1-27.
53. Tillman E. (2004) The European Union at the ballot box? European integration and voting behavior in the new member states. Comparative Political Studies 37(5): 590-610.
54. Van der Brug W., Van der Eijk C. and Franklin MN (2007) EU support and party choice. In: Van der Brug W and Van der Eijk C (eds) European Elections and Domestic Politics: Lessons from the Past and Scenarios for the Future. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
55. Van der Eijk C. and Franklin MN (1996) Choosing Europe? The European Electorate and National Politics in the Face of Union. Ann Arbor: University of Michigan Press.
56. Van der Eijk C. and Franklin MN (2007) The sleeping giant: Potential for political mobilization of disaffection with European integration. In: Van der Brug W and Van der Eijk C (eds) European Elections and Domestic Politics: Lessons from the Past and Scenarios for the Future. Notre Dame, IN: University of Notre Dame Press.
57. Weßels B. (2007) Discontent and European identity: Three types of Euroscepticism. Acta Politica 42: 287-306.