Jazz and the disconnected: City structural disconnectedness and the emergence of a jazz canon, 1897-19331

American Journal of Sociology

Volumn 117, Issue 2, 2011, Pages 420-483

  Phillips, Damon J ^a  

^a The Sanford C Bernstein Co Center for Leadership and Ethics   (United States)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80053520325     PISSN: 00029602     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1086/661757     Document Type: Article

References (151)

1. Adorno, Theodor. 1941. "On Popular Music." Studies in Philosophy and Social Science 9 (1): 17-48.
2. Allen, Irving Lewis. 1984. "Male Sex Roles and Epithets for EthnicWomen inAmerican Slang." Sex Roles 11 (1/2): 43-50.
3. Amburgey, Terry L., Andreas Al-Laham, Danny Tzabbar, and Barak Aharonsom. 2008. "The Structural Evolution of Multiplex Organizational Networks: Research and Commerce in Biotechnology." Advances in Strategic Management 25:171-209.
4. Anderson, Philip, and Michael Tushman. 1990. "Technological Discontinuities and Dominant Designs: A Cyclical Model of Technological Change." Administrative Science Quarterly 35:604-633.
5. Austin, Cecil. 1925. "Jazz." Music and Letters 6 (3): 256-268.
6. Babon, Kim M. 2006. "Composition, Coherence, and Attachment: The Critical Role of Context in Reception." Poetics 34 (3): 151-179.
7. Baraka, Amiri. 1995. "Jazzmen: Diz & Sun Ra." African American Review 29 (2): 249-255.
8. Bavelas, Alex. 1950. "Communication Patterns in Task Oriented Groups." Journal of Acoustical Society of America 57:271-82.
9. Becker, Howard. 1951. "The Professional Dance Musician and His Audience." American Journal of Sociology 57 (2): 136-44.
10. Becker, Howard. 1982. Art Worlds. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
11. Becker, Howard. 1997. Outsiders. New York: Free Press.
12. Berliner, P. F. 1994. Thinking in Jazz: The Infinite Art of Improvisation. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
13. Bikhchandani, Sushil, David Hirshleifer, and Ivo Welch. 1992. "A Theory of Fads, Fashion, Custom, and Cultural Change as Informational Cascades." Journal of Political Economy 100:992-1026.
14. Birchard, C. C. 1925. "What about the Saxophone?" Music Supervisors' Journal 1 (1): 56-57.
15. Block, Steven. 1997. "'Bemsha Swing': The Transformation of a Bebop Classic to Free Jazz." Music Theory Spectrum 19 (2): 206-231.
16. Bonacich, Phillip. 1987. "Power and Centrality: A Family of Measures." American Journal of Sociology 92:1170-1182.
17. Borgatti, Stephen P. 1997. "Structural Holes: Unpacking Burt's Redundancy Measures." Connections 20 (1): 35-38.
18. Borgatti, Stephen.P. Martin G. Everett, and Linton Freeman. 2002. UCINET for Windows: Software for Social Network Analysis. Harvard, Mass.: Analytic Technologies.
19. Botafogo, R. A., E. Rivlin, and B. Shneiderman. 1992. "Structural Analysis of Hypertexts: Identifying Hierarchies and Useful Metrics." ACM Transactions on Information Systems 10 (2): 142-180.
20. Bourdieu, Pierre. 1996. The Rules of Art: Genesis and Structure of the Literary Field. Cambridge: Polity.
21. Brandes, U., and T. Erlebach. 2005. Network Analysis, Methodological Foundations. Berlin: Springer-Verlag.
22. Brown, Allison. 2002. "Lorenzo de' Medici's NewMen and Their Mores: TheChanging Lifestyle of Quattrocento Florence." Renaissance Studies 16 (2): 113-142.
23. Brown, Lee B. 2004. "Marsalis and Baraka: An Essay in Comparative Cultural Discourse." Popular Music 23 (3): 241-255.
24. Burt S, Ronald S. 1982. Toward a Structural Theory of Action: Network Models of Social Structure, Perception, and Action. New York: Academic Press.
25. Burt S, Ronald S. 1992. Structural Holes: The Social Structure of Competition. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
26. Burt S, Ronald S. 2004. "Structural Holes and Good Ideas." American Journal of Sociology 110 (2): 349-399.
27. Burt S, Ronald S. 2005. Brokerage and Closure. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
28. Burt, Warren. 1991. "Australian Experimental Music 1963-1990." Leonardo Music Journal 1 (1): 5-10.
29. Bushell, Garvin. 1998. Jazz from the Beginning. New York: De Capo.
30. Cancian, Frank. 1967. "Stratification and Risk-Taking: A Theory Tested on Agricultural Innovation." American Sociological Review 32 (6): 912-927.
31. Cattani, Gino, Simone Ferriani, and Giacomo Negro. 2008. "The Structure of Consensus: Network Ties, Legitimation, and Exit Rates of U.S. Feature Film Producer Organizations." Administrative Science Quarterly 53 (1): 145-182.
32. Cheyne, Andrew, and Amy Binder. 2010. "Cosmopolitan Preferences: The Constitutive Role of Place in American Elite Taste for Hip Hop Music, 1991-2005." Poetics 38 (3): 336-364.
33. Coleman, James S. 1988. "Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital." American Journal of Sociology 94:S95-S120.
34. Collins, Randall, and Sal Restivo. 1983. "Development, Diversity, and Conflict in the Sociology of Science." Sociological Quarterly 24 (Spring): 185-200.
35. Connell, John, and Chris Gibson. 2003. Sound Tracks: Popular Music, Identity and Place. London: Routledge.
36. Cornwell, Benjamin. 2005. "Contextualizing Closeness Centrality: Incorporating Disconnectedness via the Complement." Connections 26:70-81.
37. Crawford, Richard, and Jeffrey Magee. 1992. Jazz Standards on Record, 1900-1942: A Core Repertory. CBMR Monographs. Chicago: Center for Black Music Research, Columbia College.
38. Danzi, Michael. 1986. American Musician in Berlin: Memoirs of the Jazz, Entertainment, and Movie World of Berlin during the Weimar Republic and the Nazi Era, and in the United States. Schmitten: Ruecker.
39. DeVeaux, Scott. 1991. "Constructing the Jazz Tradition: Jazz Historiography." Black American Literature Forum 25 (3): 525-560.
40. DeVeaux, Scott. 1997. The Birth of Bebop: A Social and Musical History. Berkeley and Los Angeles: University of California Press.
41. DiMaggio, Paul. 1982. "Cultural Entrepreneurship in 19th-Century Boston, Part I: The Creation of an Organizational Base for High Culture in America." Media, Culture and Society 4 (1): 33-50.
42. DiMaggio, Paul. 1987. "Classification in Art." American Sociological Review 52 (4): 440-455.
43. Dowd, Timothy J. 2003. "Structural Power and the Construction of Markets: The Case of Rhythm and Blues." Comparative Social Research 21:147-201.
44. Faulkner, Robert R., and Howard S. Becker. 2009. Do You Know-? The Jazz Repertoire in Action. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
45. Fernandez, Roberto M., and Roger V. Gould. 1994. "A Dilemma of State Power: Brokerage and Influence in the National Health Policy Domain." American Journal of Sociology 99 (6): 1455-1491.
46. Fine, Gary Alan. 2003. "Crafting Authenticity: The Validation of Identity in Self-Taught Art." Theory and Society 32:153-180.
47. Fine, Gary Alan. 2004. Everyday Genius: Self-Taught Art and the Culture of Authenticity. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
48. Fitzgerald, F. Scott. 1922. Tales of the Jazz Age. New York: Scribner's Sons.
49. Fleming, Lee, Santiago Mingo, and David Chen. 2007. "Collaborative Brokerage, Generative Creativity, and Creative Success." Administrative Science Quarterly 52: 443-475.
50. Fleming, Lee, and David Waguespack. 2007. "Brokerage, Boundary Spanning, and Leadership in Open Innovation Communities." Organization Science 18 (2): 165-180.
51. Gara, Larry. 2002. The Baby Dodds Story. Alma, Mich.: Rebeats Publications.
52. Gioia, Ted. 1997. The History of Jazz. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
53. Gold, Robert S. 1957. "The Vernacular of the Jazz World." American Speech 32 (4): 271-282.
54. Griswold, Wendy. 1987. "The Fabrication of Meaning: Literary Interpretation in the United States, Great Britain, and the West Indies." American Journal of Sociology 92 (5): 1077-1117.1961.
55. Hebdige, Dick. 1979. Subculture: The Meaning of Style. London: Methuen. Henderson,
56. Rebecca M., and Kim B. Clark. 1990. Architectural Innovation: The Reconfiguration of Existing Product Technologies and the Failure of Established Firms. Administrative Science Quarterly 35:9-30.
57. Henig, Ruth. 2005. The Origins of the Second World War, 1933-1941. London: Routledge.
58. Hirsch, Paul M. 1972. "Processing Fads and Fashions: An Organization-Set Analysis of Cultural Industry Systems." American Journal of Sociology 77 (4): 639-659.
59. Hurston, Zora N. 1942. "Story in Harlem Slang." American Mercury 55 (July): 89, 96.
60. Jackson, Jeffrey H. 2003. Making Jazz French: Music and Modern Life in Interwar Paris. Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
61. Johnston, Jose ́e, and Shyon Baumann. 2007. "Democracy versus Distinction: A Study of Omnivorousness in Gourmet Food Writing." American Journal of Sociology 113: 165-204.
62. Jules-Rosette, Bennetta. 1984. The Messages of Tourist Art: An African Semiotic System in Comparative Perspective. New York: Plenum.
63. Kanter, Rosabeth Moss, and Rakesh Khurana. 2009. "Types and Positions: The Significance of Georg Simmel's Structural Theories for Organizational Behavior." Pp. 291-306 in Oxford Handbook of Sociology and Organization Studies, edited by Paul S. Adler. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
64. Katz, Jack. 1972. "Deviance, Charisma, and Rule-Defined Behavior." Social Problems 20 (2): 186-202.
65. Katz, Jack. 1975. "Essences as Moral Identities: Verifiability and Responsibility in Imputations of Deviance and Charisma." American Journal of Sociology 80 (6): 1369-90.
66. Kennedy, Rick. 1994. Jelly Roll, Bix, and Hoagy: Gennett Studios and the Birth of Recorded Jazz. Bloomington: Indiana University Press.
67. Kenney, William H. 1993. Chicago Jazz: A Cultural History, 1904-1930. New York: Oxford University Press.
68. Kenney, William H. 1999. Recorded Music in American Life: The Phonograph and Popular Memory, 1890-1945. New York: Oxford University Press.
69. Kernfeld, Barry, and Howard Rye. 1994. "Comprehensive Discographies of Jazz, Blues, and Gospel (Part I)." Notes, 2d ser., 51 (2): 501-547.
70. Kernfeld, Barry. 1995. "Comprehensive Discographies of Jazz, Blues, and Gospel (Part II)." Notes, 2d ser., 51 (3): 865-891.
71. Koenig, Karl. 2002. Jazz in Print (1856-1929): An Anthology of Selected Early Readings in Jazz History. Hillsdale, N.Y.: Pendragon.
72. Koenker, Roger, and Kevin F. Hallock. 2001. "Quantile Regression." Journal of Economic Perspectives 15:143-156.
73. Kraus, Henry M., and Henry Harap. 1931. "The Musical Vocabulary of Newspapers and Magazines." Journal of Educational Research 24 (4): 299-303.
74. Laubenstein, Paul Fritz. 1929. "Jazz: Debit and Credit." Musical Quarterly 15 (4): 606-624.
75. Lena, Jennifer C. 2003. "Meaning and Membership: Samples in Rap Music, 1979-1995." Poetics 32:297-310.
76. Lena, Jennifer C., and Richard A. Peterson. 2008. "Types and Trajectories of Music Genres." American Sociological Review 73 (5): 697-718.
77. Leonard, Neil. 1962. Jazz and the White Americans. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
78. Levine, LawrenceW. 1989. "Jazz and American Culture." Journal of American Folklore 102 (403): 6-22.
79. Light, Ivan. 1977. "The Ethnic Vice Industry, 1880-1944." American Sociological Review 42 (3): 464-479.
80. Liu, Christopher, and Toby E. Start. 2010. "Boundary Spanning in a For-Profit Research Lab: An Exploration of the Interface between Commerce and Academe." Working paper no. 11-012. Harvard Business School.
81. Lopes, Paul D. 2002. The Rise of a Jazz Art World. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
82. Lord, Tom. 2005. The Jazz Discography by Tom Lord. Rev. 2010. CD-ROM, http://www.lordisco.com.
83. Martin, Peter J. 1995. Sounds and Society: Themes in the Sociology of Music. Manchester: Manchester University Press.
84. Maurer, D. W. 1976. "Language and the Sex Revolution: World War I through World War II." American Speech 51 (1/2): 5-24.
85. McCrum, Robert, Robert MacNeil, and William Cran. 1992. The Story of English. London: Faber & Faber.
86. Menon, Tanya, and Jeffrey Pfeffer. 2003. "Valuing Internal vs. External Knowledge: Explaining the Preference for Outsiders." Management Science 49 (4): 497-513.
87. Merton, Robert K. 1957. Social Theory and Social Structure. New York: Free Press.
88. Merton Robert K. 1968. "The Matthew Effect in Science." Science 158 (3810): 56-63.
89. Miller, Mark. 2005. Some Hustlin This! Toronto: Mercury.
90. Moody, James. 2004. "The Structure of a Social Science Collaboration Network: Disciplinary Cohesion from 1963 to 1999." American Sociological Review 69 (2): 213-238.
91. Moxley, Robert L., and Nancy F. Moxley. 1974. "Determining Point-Centrality in Uncontrived Social Networks." Sociometry 37:122-130.
92. Murray, Joseph M. 1996. "Saxophone Instruction in American Music Schools before 1940." Bulletin of Historical Research in Music Education 18 (1): 1-12.
93. Nagin, Daniel S. 2005. Group-Based Modeling of Development. Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
94. Nakiene, Auste. 2003. "On Instrumental Origins of Lithuanian Polymodal Saturnites." Studia Musicologica Academiae Scientiarum Hungaricae 44 (1-2): 153-162.
95. Nelson, Lawrence J. 2003. Rumors of Indiscretion: The University of Missouri "Sex Questionnaire" Scandal in the Jazz Age. Columbia: University of Missouri Press.
96. New Grove Dictionary of Jazz. 1994. Edited by Barry Kernfeld. NewYork: St.Martin's.
97. Newman, M. E. J. 2005. "A Measure of Betweenness Centrality Based on Random Walks." Social Networks 27 (1): 39-54.
98. Obstfeld, David. 2005. "Social Networks, the Tertius Iungens Orientation, and Involvement in Innovation." Administrative Science Quarterly 50 (1): 100-130.
99. Ogren, Kathy J. 1989. The Jazz Revolution: Twenties America and the Meaning of Jazz. New York: Oxford University Press.
100. Owen-Smith, Jason, and Walter W. Powell. 2003. "The Expanding Role of University Patenting in the Life Sciences: Assessing the Importance of Experience and Connectivity." Research Policy 32 (9): 1695-1711.
101. Padgett, John F., and Christopher K. Ansell. 1993. "Robust Action and the Rise of the Medici, 1400-1434." American Journal of Sociology 98 (6): 1259-1319.
102. Parsonage, Catherine. 2003. "A Critical Reassessment of the Reception of Early Jazz in Britain." Popular Music 22 (3): 315-336.
103. Peretti, Burton. 1992. The Creation of Jazz: Music, Race, and Culture in Urban America. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
104. Peretti, Burton. 1998. Jazz in American Culture. Chicago: Ivan R. Dee.
105. Peterson, Richard A. 1997. Creating Country Music: Fabricating Authenticity.Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
106. Phillips, Damon J., and Young-Kyu Kim. 2009. "Why Pseudonyms? Deception as Identity Preservation among Jazz Record Companies, 1920-1929." Organization Science 20 (3): 481-99.
107. Phillips, Damon J., and David A. Owens. 2004. "Incumbents, Innovation, and Competence: The Emergence of Recorded Jazz, 1920 to 1929." Poetics 32:281-295.
108. Phillips, Katherine W. 2003. "The Effects of Categorically Based Expectations on Minority Influence: The Importance of Congruence." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 29:3-13.
109. Podolny, Joel M. 1993. "A Status-Based Model of Market Competition." American Journal of Sociology 89 (4): 829-872.
110. Pond, Steven F. 2003. "Jamming the Reception: Ken Burns, 'Jazz,' and the Problem of 'America's Music.'" Notes, 2d ser., 60 (1): 11-45.
111. Powell, Walter W., Kenneth W. Koput, and Jason Owen-Smith. 1996. "Interorganizational Collaboration and the Locus of Innovation: Networks of Learning in Biotechnology." Administrative Science Quarterly 41 (1): 116-145.
112. Powell, Walter W., Kelley Packalen, and Kjersten Whittington. 2011. Organizational and Institutional Genesis and Change: The Emergence of High-Tech Clusters in the Life Sciences." Chap. 13 in The Emergence of Organization and Markets, edited by John Padgett and Walter Powell. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press, in press.
113. Powell, Walter W., Douglas R. White, Kenneth W. Koput, and Jason Owen-Smith. 2005. "Network Dynamics and Field Evolution: The Growth of Interorganizational Collaboration in the Life Sciences. American Journal of Sociology 110 (4): 1132-1205.
114. Price, Sally. 1989. Primitive Art in Civilized Places. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
115. Rao, Hayagreeva, Philippe Monin, and Rodolphe Durand. 2003. Institutional Change in Toque Ville: Nouvelle Cuisine as an Identity Movement in French Gastronomy. American Journal of Sociology 108 (4): 795-843.
116. Rayno, Don. 2003. Paul Whiteman: Pioneer in American Music, vol. 1, 1890-1930. Studies in Jazz, no. 43. Lanham, Md.: Scarecrow Press.
117. Reagans, Ray, and Ezra W. Zuckerman. 2001. "Networks, Diversity, and Productivity: The Social Capital of Corporate R&D Teams." Organization Science 12 (4): 502-517.
118. Rich, Maria F. 1976. Who's Who in Opera. New York: Arno.
119. Rosenbloom, R. S., and C. M. Christensen. 1994. "Technological Discontinuities, Organizational Capabilities, and Strategic Commitments." Industrial and Corporate Change 3 (3): 655-685.
120. Rosenkopf, Lori, and Melissa A. Schilling. 2007. "Comparing Alliance Network Structure across Industries: Observations and Explanations." Strategic Entrepreneurship Journal 1:191-209.
121. Roy, William G. 2004. "'Race Records' and 'Hillbilly Music': Institutional Origins of Racial Categories in the American Commercial Recording Industry." Poetics 32 (3-4): 265-279.
122. Rust, Brian. 1969. Jazz Records, 1897-1942, vols. 1 and 2. Essex: Storyville Publications.
123. Salganik, Matthew J., Peter S. Dodds, and Duncan J. Watts. 2006. "Experimental Study of Inequality and Unpredictability in an Artificial Cultural Market." Science 311:854-856.
124. Satterfield, John. 1956. "The Defining of Jazz." Music Educators Journal 42 (5): 84-88.
125. Schilling, Melissa A., and Corey C. Phelps. 2007. "Interfirm Collaboration Networks: The Impact of Large-Scale Network Structure on Firm Innovation." Management Science 53 (7): 1113-1126.
126. Schuller, Gunther. 1986. Early Jazz: Its Roots and Musical Development. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
127. Schwartz, Evan I. 2002. The Last Lone Inventor: A Tale of Genius, Deceit, and the Birth of Television. New York: HarperCollins.
128. Segell, Michael. 2005. The Devil's Horn: The Story of the Saxophone, from Noisy Novelty to King of Cool. New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux.
129. Simmel, Georg. (1908) 1950. The Sociology of Georg Simmel. New York: Free Press.
130. Singh, Jasjit, and Lee Fleming. 2010. "Lone Inventors as Sources of Technological Breakthroughs: Myth or Reality?" Management Science 56 (1): 41-56.
131. Smith, Eric Ledell. 2003. African American Theater Buildings. Jefferson, N.C.: McFarland.
132. Sorenson, Olav, and Pino G. Audia. 2000. "The Social Structure of Entrepreneurial Activity: Geographic Concentration of Footwear Production in the United States, 1940-1989." American Journal of Sociology 106:424-462.
133. Sorenson, Olav, and Toby E. Stuart. 2001. "Syndication Networks and the Spatial Distribution of Venture Capital Investments." American Journal of Sociology 106 (6): 1546-1588.
134. Stanfield, Peter. 2005. Body and Soul: Jazz and Blues in American Film, 1927-1963. Urbana: University of Illinois Press.
135. Stark, David. 1996. "Recombinant Property in East European Capitalism." American Journal of Sociology 101 (4): 993-1027.
136. Stuart, Toby E. 2000. "Interorganizational Alliances and the Performance of Firms: A Study of Growth and Innovation Rates in a High-Technology Industry." Strategic Management Journal 21:791-811.
137. Suchman, Mark C. 1995. "Managing Legitimacy: Strategic and Institutional Approaches." Academy of Management Review 20 (3): 571-610.
138. Sutton, Allan. 1994. Directory of American Disc Record Brands and Manufacturers, 1891-1943. Westport, Conn.: Greenwood.
139. Titon, J. T. 1995. Early Downhome Blues: A Musical and Cultural Analysis. Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press.
140. Tripsas, Mary. 2009. "Technology, Identity, and Inertia through the Lens of 'the Digital Photography Company.'" Organization Science 20 (2): 441-460.
141. Tschmuck, Peter. 2006. Creativity and Innovation in the Music Industry. Dordrecht: Springer.
142. Uzzi, Brian, and Jarrett Spiro. 2005. "Collaboration and Creativity: The Small World Problem." American Journal of Sociology 111:447-504.
143. van der Tuuk, Alex. 2003. Paramount's Rise and Fall: A History of the Wisconsin Chair Company and Its Recording Activities. Denver: Mainspring Press.
144. Watts, Duncan J. 1999. Small Worlds: The Dynamics of Networks between Order and Randomness. Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
145. Wertheim, Arthur Frank. 2006. Vaudeville Wars. New York: Palgrave Macmillan.
146. Whiteman, Paul, and Mary Margaret McBride Whiteman. 1926. Jazz. New York: J. H. Sears.
147. Whiteoak, John. 1994. "'Jazzing' and Australia's First Jazz Band." Popular Music 13 (3): 279-295
148. Wolfe, Thomas. 1929. Look Homeward, Angel: A Story of the Buried Life. New York: Scribner's Sons.
149. Zeitz, Joshua. 2006. Flapper: A Madcap Story of Sex, Style, Celebrity, and the Women Who Made America Modern. New York: Crown.
150. Zuckerman, Ezra W. 1999. "The Categorical Imperative: Securities Analysts and the Illegitimacy Discount." American Journal of Sociology 104 (5): 1398-1438.
151. Zukin, Sharon, and Jennifer Smith Maguire. 2004. "Consumers and Consumption." Annual Review of Sociology 30:173-197.