메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 495-505

Short-term hormone therapy with transdermal estradiol improves cognition for postmenopausal women with Alzheimer's disease: Results of a randomized controlled trial

Author keywords

Alzheimer's disease; clinical trial; cognition; estradiol; estrogen; hormone therapy; medroxyprogesterone; memory

Indexed keywords

ESTRADIOL; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE; MEDROXYPROGESTERONE ACETATE;

EID: 80053482654     PISSN: 13872877     EISSN: 18758908     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.3233/JAD-2011-110341     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (78)

References (75)
  • 2
    • 0030968187 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ovarian steroids and the brain: Implications for cognition and aging
    • McEwen B, Alves S, Bulloch K, Weiland N (1997) Ovarian steroids and the brain: Implications for cognition and aging. Neurology 48(7), 8-. S8-S15
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , Issue.7-8
    • McEwen, B.1    Alves, S.2    Bulloch, K.3    Weiland, N.4
  • 3
    • 0032481568 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women: Effects on cognitive function and dementia
    • Yaffe K, Sawaya G, Lieberburg I, Grady D (1998) Estrogen therapy in postmenopausal women: Effects on cognitive function and dementia. JAMA 279, 688-695.
    • (1998) JAMA , vol.279 , pp. 688-695
    • Yaffe, K.1    Sawaya, G.2    Lieberburg, I.3    Grady, D.4
  • 4
    • 0033003028 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive and neuroendocrine response to transdermal estrogen in postmenopausal women with Alzheimer's disease: Results of a placebo-controlled double-blind pilot study
    • Asthana S, Craft S, Baker LD, Raskind MA, Birnbaum RS, Lofgreen CP, Veith RC, Plymate SR (1999) Cognitive and neuroendocrine response to transdermal estrogen in postmenopausal women with Alzheimer's disease: results of a placebo-controlled, double-blind, pilot study. Psychoneuroendocrinology 24, 657-677.
    • (1999) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.24 , pp. 657-677
    • Asthana, S.1    Craft, S.2    Baker, L.D.3    Raskind, M.A.4    Birnbaum, R.S.5    Lofgreen, C.P.6    Veith, R.C.7    Plymate, S.R.8
  • 6
    • 0028086440 scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy in older women comparisons between Alzheimer's disease cases and nondemented control subjects
    • Henderson V, Paganini-Hill A, Emanuel C, Dunn M, Buckwalter J (1994) Estrogen replacement therapy in older women. Comparisons between Alzheimer's disease cases and nondemented control subjects. Arch Neurol 51,896-900.
    • (1994) Arch. Neurol. , vol.51 , pp. 896-900
    • Henderson, V.1    Paganini-Hill, A.2    Emanuel, C.3    Dunn, M.4    Buckwalter, J.5
  • 7
    • 3042538272 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Midlife blood pressure and the risk of hippocampal atrophy: The honolulu asia aging study
    • Korf ES, White LR, Scheltens P, Launer LJ (2004) Midlife blood pressure and the risk of hippocampal atrophy: the Honolulu Asia Aging Study. Hypertension 44, 29-34.
    • (2004) Hypertension , vol.44 , pp. 29-34
    • Korf, E.S.1    White, L.R.2    Scheltens, P.3    Launer, L.J.4
  • 8
    • 0031695197 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Projections of Alzheimers disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset
    • Brookmeyer R, Gray S, Kawas C (1998) Projections of Alzheimer's disease in the United States and the public health impact of delaying disease onset. Am J Public Health 88, 1337-1342.
    • (1998) Am. J. Public. Health , vol.88 , pp. 1337-1342
    • Brookmeyer, R.1    Gray, S.2    Kawas, C.3
  • 9
    • 77956177092 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Action of estrogens in the aging brain: Dementia and cognitive aging
    • HendersonVW(2010) Action of estrogens in the aging brain: Dementia and cognitive aging. Biochim Biophys Acta 1800, 1077-1078.
    • (2010) Biochim. Biophys. Acta. , vol.1800 , pp. 1077-1078
    • Henderson, V.W.1
  • 14
    • 0030748719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease: The baltimore longitudinal study of aging
    • Kawas C, Resnick S, Morrison A, Brookmeyer R, Corrada M, Zonderman A, Bacal C, Lingle DD, Metter E (1997) A prospective study of estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease: the Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Neurology 48, 1517-1521.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 1517-1521
    • Kawas, C.1    Resnick, S.2    Morrison, A.3    Brookmeyer, R.4    Corrada, M.5    Zonderman, A.6    Bacal, C.7    Lingle, D.D.8    Metter, E.9
  • 15
    • 0030775962 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen replacement therapy for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Henderson V (1997) Estrogen replacement therapy for the prevention and treatment of Alzheimer's disease. CNS Drugs 8, 343-351.
    • (1997) CNS Drugs , vol.8 , pp. 343-351
    • Henderson, V.1
  • 18
    • 24144473015 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • New evidence regarding hormone replacement therapies is urgently required transdermal postmenopausal hormone therapy differs from oral hormone therapy in risks and benefits
    • Modena MG, Sismondi P, MueckAO,Kuttenn F, Lignieres B, Verhaeghe J, Foidart JM, Caufriez A, Genazzani AR (2005) New evidence regarding hormone replacement therapies is urgently required transdermal postmenopausal hormone therapy differs from oral hormone therapy in risks and benefits. Maturitas 52, 1-10
    • (2005) Maturitas , vol.52 , pp. 1-10
    • Modena, M.G.1    Sismondi, P.2    Mueck, A.O.3    Kuttenn, F.4    Lignieres, B.5    Verhaeghe, J.6    Foidart, J.M.7    Caufriez, A.8    Genazzani, A.R.9
  • 19
    • 33747359859 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estradiol's effects on learning and neuronal morphology vary with route of administration
    • Garza-Meilandt A, Cantu RE, Claiborne BJ (2006) Estradiol's effects on learning and neuronal morphology vary with route of administration. Behav Neurosci 120, 905-916.
    • (2006) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.120 , pp. 905-916
    • Garza-Meilandt, A.1    Cantu, R.E.2    Claiborne, B.J.3
  • 20
    • 0042737410 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Differential association of oral and transdermal oestrogen replacement therapy with venous thromboembolism risk
    • group obotEaTEs
    • Scarabin P, Oger E, Plu-Bureau G, group obotEaTEs (2003) Differential association of oral and transdermal oestrogen replacement therapy with venous thromboembolism risk. Lancet 362, 428-432.
    • (2003) Lancet , vol.362 , pp. 428-432
    • Scarabin, P.1    Oger, E.2    Plu-Bureau, G.3
  • 21
    • 0030942683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The role of estrogen in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease
    • Birge S (1997) The role of estrogen in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Neurology 48, 36-. S36-S41.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48
    • Birge, S.1
  • 24
    • 0000366424 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of psychologic effects of sex hormone administration in agedwomen: Results after six months
    • Caldwell B, Watson R (1952) An evaluation of psychologic effects of sex hormone administration in agedwomen: Results after six months. J Gerontol 7, 228-244.
    • (1952) J. Gerontol. , vol.7 , pp. 228-244
    • Caldwell, B.1    Watson, R.2
  • 26
    • 33747322138 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quantitative evaluation of the intervention al effect of estrogen on Alzheimer's disease
    • Zhang Y, Luo G, Guo ZJ, Cui RY,Wang LQ, Zhou, CL (2006) Quantitative evaluation of the intervention al effect of estrogen on Alzheimer's disease. Chin J Clin Rehab 10, 37-91.
    • (2006) Chin. J. Clin. Rehab. , vol.10 , pp. 37-91
    • Zhang, Y.1    Luo, G.2    Guo, Z.J.3    Cui, R.Y.4    Wang, L.Q.5    Zhou, C.L.6
  • 27
    • 74349086281 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of hormone therapy on depressive symptoms and cognitive functions in women with Alzheimer disease: A 12 month randomized double-blind placebo-controlled study of low-dose estradiol and norethisterone
    • Valen-Sendstad A, Engedal K, Stray-Pedersen B, Strobel C, Barnett L, Meyer N, Nurminemi M. Effects of hormone therapy on depressive symptoms and cognitive functions in women with Alzheimer disease: a 12 month randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of low-dose estradiol and norethisterone. Am J Geriatr Psychiatry 18, 11-20.
    • Am. J. Geriatr. Psychiatry. , vol.18 , pp. 11-20
    • Valen-Sendstad, A.1    Engedal, K.2    Stray-Pedersen, B.3    Strobel, C.4    Barnett, L.5    Meyer, N.6    Nurminemi, M.7
  • 31
    • 0030748719 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A prospective study of estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging
    • Kawas C, Resnick S, Morrison A (1997) A prospective study of estrogen replacement therapy and the risk of developing Alzheimer's disease: The Baltimore Longitudinal Study of Aging. Neurology 48, 1517-1521.
    • (1997) Neurology , vol.48 , pp. 1517-1521
    • Kawas, C.1    Resnick, S.2    Morrison, A.3
  • 33
    • 0001373239 scopus 로고
    • An evaluation of psychological effects of sex hormone administration in aged women
    • Caldwell B (1954) An evaluation of psychological effects of sex hormone administration in aged women. J Gerontol 9, 168-174.
    • (1954) J Gerontol , vol.9 , pp. 168-174
    • Caldwell, B.1
  • 35
    • 84946642987 scopus 로고
    • A standardized memory scale for clinical use
    • Wechsler D (1945) A standardized memory scale for clinical use. J Psychology 19, 87-95.
    • (1945) J. Psychology. , vol.19 , pp. 87-95
    • Wechsler, D.1
  • 36
    • 0001780659 scopus 로고
    • Translations of excerpts from Andre Rey's Psychological examination of traumatic encephalopathy and P.A osterrieth's the complex figure copy test
    • Corwin J, Bylsma F (1993) Translations of excerpts from Andre Rey's Psychological examination of traumatic encephalopathy and P.A. Osterrieth's The Complex Figure Copy Test. Clin Neuropsychologist 7, 3-15.
    • (1993) Clin. Neuropsychologist , vol.7 , pp. 3-15
    • Corwin, J.1    Bylsma, F.2
  • 37
    • 23444457014 scopus 로고
    • Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Manual San Antonio TX
    • WechslerD(1987)Wechsler Memory Scale-Revised Manual, The Psychological Corporation. San Antonio, TX.
    • (1987) Psychological Corporation
    • Wechsler, D.1
  • 39
    • 0015812367 scopus 로고
    • Selective reminding for analysis of memory and learning
    • Buschke H (1973) Selective reminding for analysis of memory and learning. J Verb Learn Verb Behav 12, 543-550.
    • (1973) J. Verb. Learn. Verb. Behav. , vol.12 , pp. 543-550
    • Buschke, H.1
  • 40
    • 0018176266 scopus 로고
    • A neuropsychological battery for epilepsy
    • Dodrill C (1978) A neuropsychological battery for epilepsy. Epilepsia 19, 611-623.
    • (1978) Epilepsia , vol.19 , pp. 611-623
    • Dodrill, C.1
  • 41
    • 57049145197 scopus 로고
    • Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions
    • Stroop J (1935) Studies of interference in serial verbal reactions. J Exp Psychology 18, 643-662.
    • (1935) J. Exp. Psychology. , vol.18 , pp. 643-662
    • Stroop, J.1
  • 43
    • 0023855556 scopus 로고
    • Affective changes with estrogen and androgen replacement therapy in surgically menopausal women
    • Sherwin B (1988) Affective changes with estrogen and androgen replacement therapy in surgically menopausal women. J Affective Disord 14, 177-187.
    • (1988) J. Affective. Disord. , vol.14 , pp. 177-187
    • Sherwin, B.1
  • 44
    • 0037395950 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structured intervention in family caregivers of the demented elderly and changes in their immune function
    • Hosaka T, SugiyamaY(2003) Structured intervention in family caregivers of the demented elderly and changes in their immune function. Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 57, 147-151.
    • (2003) Psychiatry. Clin. Neurosci. , vol.57 , pp. 147-151
    • Hosaka, T.1    Sugiyama, Y.2
  • 45
    • 10944221234 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hormones and depression inwomen
    • Studd J, PanayN(2004) Hormones and depression inwomen. Climacteric 7, 338-346.
    • (2004) Climacteric , vol.7 , pp. 338-346
    • Studd, J.1    Panay, N.2
  • 46
    • 0030739578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A meta-analysis of the effect of hormone replacement therapy upon depressed mood
    • Zweifel JE, O'BrienWH(1997) A meta-analysis of the effect of hormone replacement therapy upon depressed mood. Psychoneuroendocrinology 22, 189-212.
    • (1997) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.22 , pp. 189-212
    • Zweifel, J.E.1    O'Brien, W.H.2
  • 47
    • 0032144258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Steroid hormones, memory and mood in a healthy elderly population
    • Carlson LE, Sherwin BB (1998) Steroid hormones, memory and mood in a healthy elderly population. Psychoneuroendocrinology 23, 583-603.
    • (1998) Psychoneuroendocrinology , vol.23 , pp. 583-603
    • Carlson, L.E.1    Sherwin, B.B.2
  • 48
    • 0030013029 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estradiol is related to visual memory in healthy young men
    • Kampen DL, Sherwin BB (1996) Estradiol is related to visual memory in healthy young men. Behav Neurosci 110, 613-617.
    • (1996) Behav. Neurosci. , vol.110 , pp. 613-617
    • Kampen, D.L.1    Sherwin, B.B.2
  • 49
    • 0034739649 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The effect of tibolone versus continuous combined norethisterone acetate and oestradiol on memory, libido and mood of postmenopausal women: A pilot study
    • Albertazzi P, Natale V, Barbolini C, Teglio L, Di Micco R (2000) The effect of tibolone versus continuous combined norethisterone acetate and oestradiol on memory, libido and mood of postmenopausal women: a pilot study. Maturitas 36, 223-229.
    • (2000) Maturitas , vol.36 , pp. 223-229
    • Albertazzi, P.1    Natale, V.2    Barbolini, C.3    Teglio, L.4    Di Micco, R.5
  • 50
    • 0035203342 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term estrogen replacement is associated with improved nonverbal memory and attentional measures in postmenopausal women
    • Smith YR, Giordani B, Lajiness-O'Neill R, Zubieta JK (2001) Long-term estrogen replacement is associated with improved nonverbal memory and attentional measures in postmenopausal women. Fertil Steril 76, 1101-1107.
    • (2001) Fertil. Steril. , vol.76 , pp. 1101-1107
    • Smith, Y.R.1    Giordani, B.2    Lajiness-O'Neill, R.3    Zubieta, J.K.4
  • 52
    • 34248527650 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Drop-out rates of cancer patients participating in longitudinal RCTs
    • Mathibe LJ (2007) Drop-out rates of cancer patients participating in longitudinal RCTs. Contemp Clin Trials 28, 340-342.
    • (2007) Contemp Clin Trials , vol.28 , pp. 340-342
    • Mathibe, L.J.1
  • 53
    • 0035977428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of missing data due to drop-outs on estimators for rates of change in longitudinal studies: A simulation study
    • Touloumi G, Babiker AG, Pocock SJ, Darbyshire JH (2001) Impact of missing data due to drop-outs on estimators for rates of change in longitudinal studies: a simulation study. Stat Med 20, 3715-3728.
    • (2001) Stat Med , vol.20 , pp. 3715-3728
    • Touloumi, G.1    Babiker, A.G.2    Pocock, S.J.3    Darbyshire, J.H.4
  • 54
    • 16544389368 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Loss to follow-up in cohort studies: How much is too much
    • Kristman V, Manno M, Cote P (2004) Loss to follow-up in cohort studies: how much is too much?. Eur J Epidemiol 19, 751-760.
    • (2004) Eur. J. Epidemiol. , vol.19 , pp. 751-760
    • Kristman, V.1    Manno, M.2    Cote, P.3
  • 55
    • 80053485948 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sampling: Design and alanysis
    • SL L ed. Duxbury Press Pacific Grove
    • Lohr S (1999) Sampling: design and alanysis In Nonresponse, SL L, ed. Duxbury Press, Pacific Grove, pp. 255-287.
    • (1999) Nonresponse , pp. 255-287
    • Lohr, S.1
  • 56
    • 0034672380 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Statistics in medical journals: some recent trends
    • Altman DG (2000) Statistics in medical journals: some recent trends. Stat Med 19, 3275-3289.
    • (2000) Stat. Med. , vol.19 , pp. 3275-3289
    • Altman, D.G.1
  • 58
    • 0020333131 scopus 로고
    • Random-effects models for longitudinal data
    • Laird NM, Ware JH (1982) Random-effects models for longitudinal data. Biometrics 38, 963-974.
    • (1982) Biometrics , vol.38 , pp. 963-974
    • Laird, N.M.1    Ware, J.H.2
  • 59
    • 0028270519 scopus 로고
    • A 30-week randomized controlled trial of high-dose tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease
    • Knapp M, Knopman D, Solomon P, Pendlebury W, Davis C, Gracon S (1994) A 30-week randomized controlled trial of high-dose tacrine in patients with Alzheimer's disease. JAMA 271, 985-991.
    • (1994) JAMA , vol.271 , pp. 985-991
    • Knapp, M.1    Knopman, D.2    Solomon, P.3    Pendlebury, W.4    Davis, C.5    Gracon, S.6
  • 60
    • 14844304821 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroprotective effects of female sex steroids in humans: Current controversies and future directions
    • Gleason CE, Cholerton B, CarlssonCM,Johnson SC, Asthana S (2005) Neuroprotective effects of female sex steroids in humans: current controversies and future directions. Cell Mol Life Sci 62, 299-312.
    • (2005) Cell. Mol. Life. Sci. , vol.62 , pp. 299-312
    • Gleason, C.E.1    Cholerton, B.2    Carlsson, C.M.3    Johnson, S.C.4    Asthana, S.5
  • 61
    • 33846345786 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of neuroprotective effects of long-term low dose hormone replacement therapy on postmenopausal women brain hippocampus using magnetic resonance scanner
    • Hu L, Yue Y, Zuo PP, Jin ZY, Feng F, You H, Li ML, Ge QS (2006) Evaluation of neuroprotective effects of long-term low dose hormone replacement therapy on postmenopausal women brain hippocampus using magnetic resonance scanner. Chin Med Sci J 21, 214-218.
    • (2006) Chin. Med. Sci. J. , vol.21 , pp. 214-218
    • Hu, L.1    Yue, Y.2    Zuo, P.P.3    Jin, Z.Y.4    Feng, F.5    You, H.6    Li, M.L.7    Ge, Q.S.8
  • 62
    • 34547558283 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of long-term low-dose sex hormone replacement therapy on hippocampus and cognition of postmenopausal women of different apoE genotypes
    • Yue Y, Hu L, Tian QJ, Jiang JM, Dong YL, Jin ZY, Cheng YH, Hong X, Ge QS, Zuo PP (2007) Effects of long-term, low-dose sex hormone replacement therapy on hippocampus and cognition of postmenopausal women of different apoE genotypes. Acta Pharmacol Sin 28, 1129-1135.
    • (2007) Acta. Pharmacol. Sin. , vol.28 , pp. 1129-1135
    • Yue, Y.1    Hu, L.2    Tian, Q.J.3    Jiang, J.M.4    Dong, Y.L.5    Jin, Z.Y.6    Cheng, Y.H.7    Hong, X.8    Ge, Q.S.9    Zuo, P.P.10
  • 63
    • 0041887216 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogens and menopause: Pharmacology of conjugated equine estrogens and their potential role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's
    • Bhavnani BR (2003) Estrogens and menopause: pharmacology of conjugated equine estrogens and their potential role in the prevention of neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's. J Steroid Biochem Mol Biol 85, 473-482.
    • (2003) J. Steroid. Biochem. Mol. Biol. , vol.85 , pp. 473-482
    • Bhavnani, B.R.1
  • 64
    • 11244319589 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen receptor activation of phosphoinositide-3 kinase akt and nitric oxide signaling in cerebral blood vessels: Rapid and long-term effects
    • Stirone C, Boroujerdi A, Duckles SP, Krause DN (2005) Estrogen receptor activation of phosphoinositide-3 kinase, akt, and nitric oxide signaling in cerebral blood vessels: rapid and long-term effects. Mol Pharmacol 67, 105-113.
    • (2005) Mol. Pharmacol. , vol.67 , pp. 105-113
    • Stirone, C.1    Boroujerdi, A.2    Duckles, S.P.3    Krause, D.N.4
  • 65
    • 0034644608 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Membrane estrogen receptor engagement activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase via the PI3-kinase-Akt pathway in human endothelial cells
    • Haynes MP, Sinha D, Russell KS, Collinge M, Fulton D, Morales-Ruiz M, Sessa WC, Bender JR (2000) Membrane estrogen receptor engagement activates endothelial nitric oxide synthase via the PI3-kinase-Akt pathway in human endothelial cells. Circ Res 87, 677-682.
    • (2000) Circ. Res. , vol.87 , pp. 677-682
    • Haynes, M.P.1    Sinha, D.2    Russell, K.S.3    Collinge, M.4    Fulton, D.5    Morales-Ruiz, M.6    Sessa, W.C.7    Bender, J.R.8
  • 66
    • 4644264949 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Estrogen induced changes in Akt-dependent activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and vasodilation
    • Florian M, LuY, Angle M, Magder S (2004) Estrogen induced changes in Akt-dependent activation of endothelial nitric oxide synthase and vasodilation. Steroids 69, 637-645.
    • (2004) Steroids , vol.69 , pp. 637-645
    • Florian, M.1    LuY Angle, M.2    Magder, S.3
  • 69
    • 0034718373 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cognitive decline inwomen in relation to non-protein bound oestradiol concentrations
    • YaffeK, Lui L-Y, GradyD(2000) Cognitive decline inwomen in relation to non-protein bound oestradiol concentrations. Lancet 356, 708-712.
    • (2000) Lancet , vol.356 , pp. 708-712
    • YaffeK Lui, L.-Y.1    Grady, D.2
  • 70
    • 0034519549 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Negative mood changes during hormone replacement therapy: A comparison between two progestogens
    • Bjorn I, Bixo M, Nojd KS, Nyberg S, Backstrom T (2000) Negative mood changes during hormone replacement therapy: a comparison between two progestogens. Am J Obstet Gynecol 183, 1419-1426.
    • (2000) Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. , vol.183 , pp. 1419-1426
    • Bjorn, I.1    Bixo, M.2    Nojd, K.S.3    Nyberg, S.4    Backstrom, T.5
  • 71
    • 70149101782 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Defining brain region-specific glucocorticoid action during stress by conditional gene disruption in mice
    • Kolber BJ, Muglia LJ (2009) Defining brain region-specific glucocorticoid action during stress by conditional gene disruption in mice. Brain Res 1293, 85-90.
    • (2009) Brain. Res. , vol.1293 , pp. 85-90
    • Kolber, B.J.1    Muglia, L.J.2
  • 73
    • 0031775266 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Patient noncompliance with hormone replacement therapy: A nationwide estimate using a large prescription claims database
    • Faulkner DL, Young C, Hutchins D, McCollam JS (1998) Patient noncompliance with hormone replacement therapy: a nationwide estimate using a large prescription claims database. Menopause 5, 226-229.
    • (1998) Menopause , vol.5 , pp. 226-229
    • Faulkner, D.L.1    Young, C.2    Hutchins, D.3    McCollam, J.S.4
  • 74
    • 0033460299 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effect of age on reasons for initiation and discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy
    • Ettinger B, Pressman A, Silver P (1999) Effect of age on reasons for initiation and discontinuation of hormone replacement therapy. Menopause 6, 282-289.
    • (1999) Menopause , vol.6 , pp. 282-289
    • Ettinger, B.1    Pressman, A.2    Silver, P.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.