Vasomotion – what is currently thought?

Acta Physiologica

Volumn 202, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 253-269

  Aalkjaer C ^a   Boedtkjer, D ^a   Matchkov, V ^a  

^a AARHUS UNIVERSITY   (Denmark)

Author keywords

Arteries; Chloride conductance; Smooth muscle

Indexed keywords

CALCIUM ION; CHLORIDE ION; CALCIUM; CHLORIDE;

BLOOD VESSEL; BLOOD VESSEL WALL; CALCIUM CELL LEVEL; DIALYSIS; DISEASES; GAP JUNCTION; ION CONDUCTANCE; MESENTERIC ARTERY; NONHUMAN; OSCILLATION; OSCILLATOR; PRIORITY JOURNAL; REVIEW; SMOOTH MUSCLE TONE; VASCULAR ENDOTHELIUM; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE CELL; VASOMOTION; ADRENERGIC SYSTEM; ANIMAL; BIOLOGICAL MODEL; CALCIUM SIGNALING; CELL COMMUNICATION; CELL JUNCTION; CELL MEMBRANE POTENTIAL; HUMAN; METABOLISM; PHYSIOLOGY; VASCULAR SMOOTH MUSCLE;

ANIMALS; CALCIUM; CALCIUM SIGNALING; CELL COMMUNICATION; CHLORIDES; ENDOTHELIUM, VASCULAR; GAP JUNCTIONS; HUMANS; MEMBRANE POTENTIALS; MESENTERIC ARTERIES; MODELS, BIOLOGICAL; MUSCLE, SMOOTH, VASCULAR; VASOMOTOR SYSTEM;

EID: 80053305928     PISSN: 17481708     EISSN: 17481716     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1748-1716.2011.02320.x     Document Type: Review

References (217)

1. Aalkjaer, C. & Nilsson, H. 2005. Vasomotion: Cellular background for the oscillator and for the synchronization of smooth muscle cells. Br J Pharmacol 144, 605-616.
2. Aalkjaer, C., Danielsen, H., Johannesen, P., Pedersen, E.B., Rasmussen, A. & Mulvany, M.J. 1985. Abnormal vascular function and morphology in pre-eclampsia: a study of isolated resistance vessels. Clin Sci (Lond) 69, 477-482.
3. Aalkjaer, C., Heagerty, A.M., Petersen, K.K., Swales, J.D. & Mulvany, M.J. 1987. Evidence for increased media thickness, increased neuronal amine uptake, and depressed excitation - contraction coupling in isolated resistance vessels from essential hypertensives. Circ Res 61, 181-186.
4. Akata, T., Kodama, K. & Takahashi, S. 1995. Role of endothelium in oscillatory contractile responses to various receptor agonists in isolated small mesenteric and epicardial coronary arteries. Jpn J Pharmacol 68, 331-343.
5. Ances, B.M., Greenberg, J.H. & Detre, J.A. 2010. Interaction between nitric oxide synthase inhibitor induced oscillations and the activation flow coupling response. Brain Res 1309, 19-28.
6. + currents in arterial myocytes. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 227, 168-175.
7. Bartlett, I.S., Crane, G.J., Neild, T.O. & Segal, S.S. 2000. Electrophysiological basis of arteriolar vasomotion in vivo. J Vasc Res 37, 568-575.
8. Beech, D.J. 2005. Emerging functions of 10 types of TRP cationic channel in vascular smooth muscle. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 32, 597-603.
9. Benbow, S.J., Pryce, D.W., Noblett, K., MacFarlane, I.A., Friedmann, P.S. & Williams, G. 1995. Flow motion in peripheral diabetic neuropathy. Clin Sci (Lond) 88, 191-196.
10. Bernardi, L., Rossi, M., Leuzzi, S., Mevio, E., Fornasari, G., Calciati, A., Orlandi, C. & Fratino, P. 1997. Reduction of 0.1 Hz microcirculatory fluctuations as evidence of sympathetic dysfunction in insulin-dependent diabetes. Cardiovasc Res 34, 185-191.
11. Bernjak, A., Clarkson, P.B., McClintock, P.V. & Stefanovska, A. 2008. Low-frequency blood flow oscillations in congestive heart failure and after beta1-blockade treatment. Microvasc Res 76, 224-232.
12. Berridge, M.J. & Rapp, P.E. 1979. A comparative survey of the function, mechanism and control of cellular oscillators. J Exp Biol 81, 217-279.
13. Bertuglia, S., Colantuoni, A., Coppini, G. & Intaglietta, M. 1991. Hypoxia- or hyperoxia-induced changes in arteriolar vasomotion in skeletal muscle microcirculation. Am J Physiol 260, H362-H372.
14. Bertuglia, S., Colantuoni, A. & Intaglietta, M. 1995. Capillary reperfusion after l-arginine, l-NMMA, and l-NNA treatment in cheek pouch microvasculature. Microvasc Res 50, 162-174.
15. 2+ release in mammalian vascular smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 263, H576-H586.
16. Bocchi, L., Evangelisti, A., Barrella, M., Scatizzi, L. & Bevilacqua, M. 2010. Recovery of 0.1 Hz microvascular skin blood flow in dysautonomic diabetic (type 2) neuropathy by using Frequency Rhythmic Electrical Modulation System (FREMS). Med Eng Phys 32, 407-413.
17. Boedtkjer, D.M., Matchkov, V.V., Boedtkjer, E., Nilsson, H. & Aalkjaer, C. 2008. Vasomotion has chloride-dependency in rat mesenteric small arteries. Pflügers Arch 457, 389-404.
18. Boegehold, M.A. 1993. Enhanced arteriolar vasomotion in rats with chronic salt-induced hypertension. Microvasc Res 45, 83-94.
19. 2+ waves depend on InsP3 and ryanodine receptor activation in vascular myocytes. Am J Physiol 277, C139-C151.
20. Bollinger, A., Hoffmann, U. & Franzeck, U.K. 1991. Evaluation of flux motion in man by the laser-Doppler technique. Blood Vessels 28(Suppl. 1), 21-26.
21. Bollinger, A., Yanar, U., Hoffmann, U. & Franzeck, U.K. 1993. Is high-frequency flux motion due to respiration or to vasomotion activity? Progr Appl Microcirc 20, 52-58.
22. Borgström, P., Schmidt, J.A., Bruttig, S.P., Intaglietta, M. & Arfors, K.E. 1992. Slow-wave flowmotion in rabbit skeletal muscle after acute fixed-volume hemorrhage. Circ Shock 36, 57-61.
23. Borovik, A., Golubinskaya, V., Tarasova, O., Aalkjaer, C. & Nilsson, H. 2005. Phase resetting of arterial vasomotion by burst stimulation of perivascular nerves. J Vasc Res 42, 165-173.
24. Bouskela, E. 1988. Effects of metformin on the wing microcirculation of normal and diabetic bats. Diabete Metab 14, 560-565.
25. Bouskela, E. & Cyrino, F.Z. 1994. Effects of buflomedil on spontaneous vasomotion and mean arteriolar internal diameter in the hamster cheek pouch. J Vasc Res 31, 287-294.
26. Bouskela, E. & Grampp, W. 1992. Spontaneous vasomotion in hamster cheek pouch arterioles in varying experimental conditions. Am J Physiol 262, H478-H485.
27. Bouskela, E., Cyrino, F.Z. & Wiernsperger, N. 1997. Effects of insulin and the combination of insulin plus metformin (glucophage) on microvascular reactivity in control and diabetic hamsters. Angiology 48, 503-514.
28. 2+ transients and contraction in vascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol 259, H409-H423.
29. Braun, R.D., Linsenmeier, R.A. & Yancey, C.M. 1992. Spontaneous fluctuations in oxygen tension in the cat retina. Microvasc Res 44, 73-84.
30. Brayden, J.E. 1996. Potassium channels in vascular smooth muscle. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 23, 1069-1076.
31. Brink, P.R. 1998. Gap junctions in vascular smooth muscle. Acta Physiol Scand 164, 349-356.
32. Broegger, T., Jacobsen, J.C., Dam, V.S., Boedtkjer, D.M.B., Kold-Petersen, H., Pedersen, F.S., Aalkjaer, C. & Matchkov, V.V. 2011. Downregulation of bestrophin-3 reduces the rhytmic but not the tonic contraction in rat mesenteric small arteries. [Epub ahead of print].
33. Burrows, M.E. & Johnson, P.C. 1981. Diameter, wall tension, and flow in mesenteric arterioles during autoregulation. Am J Physiol 241, H829-H837.
34. Caputo, A., Caci, E., Ferrera, L., Pedemonte, N., Barsanti, C., Sondo, E., Pfeffer, U., Ravazzolo, R., Zegarra-Moran, O. & Galietta, L.J. 2008. TMEM16A, a membrane protein associated with calcium-dependent chloride channel activity. Science 322, 590-594.
35. Chaytor, A.T., Evans, W.H. & Griffith, T.M. 1997. Peptides homologous to extracellular loop motifs of connexin 43 reversibly abolish rhythmic contractile activity in rabbit arteries. J Physiol 503, 99-110.
36. Chen, X., Yang, D., Ma, S., He, H., Luo, Z., Feng, X., Cao, T., Ma, L., Yan, Z., Liu, D., Tepel, M. & Zhu, Z. 2010. Increased rhythmicity in hypertensive arterial smooth muscle is linked to transient receptor potential canonical channels. J Cell Mol Med 14, 2483-2494.
37. Cheong, A., Quinn, K., Dedman, A.M. & Beech, D.J. 2002. Activation thresholds of K(V), BK andCl(Ca) channels in smooth muscle cells in pial precapillary arterioles. J Vasc Res 39, 122-130.
38. Clough, G.F. & Egginton, S. 2009. Vasomotion and insulinmediated capillary recruitment - part of the explanation? J Physiol 587, 3407-3408.
39. Colantuoni, A., Bertuglia, S. & Intaglietta, M. 1984a. Effects of anesthesia on the spontaneous activity of the microvasculature. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 3, 13-28.
40. Colantuoni, A., Bertuglia, S. & Intaglietta, M. 1984b. Quantitation of rhythmic diameter changes in arterial microcirculation. Am J Physiol 246, H508-H517.
41. Colantuoni, A., Bertuglia, S. & Intaglietta, M. 1984c. The effects of α- or β-adrenergic receptor agonists and antagonists and calcium entry blockers on the spontaneous vasomotion. Microvasc Res 28, 143-158.
42. Colantuoni, A., Bertuglia, S. & Intaglietta, M. 1985a. Microvessel diameter changes during hemorrhagic shock in unanesthetized hamsters. Microvasc Res 30, 133-142.
43. Colantuoni, A., Bertuglia, S. & Intaglietta, M. 1985b. Variations of rhythmic diameter changes at the arterial microvascular bifurcations. Pflügers Arch 403, 289-295.
44. Colantuoni, A., Bertuglia, S., Coppini, G. & Donato, L. 1990. Superposition of arteriolar vasomotion waves and regulation of blood flow in skeletal muscle microcirculation. Adv Exp Med Biol 277, 549-558.
45. Collin, O., Zupp, J.L. & Setchell, B.P. 2000. Testicular vasomotion in different mammals. Asian J Androl 2, 297-300.
46. Damber, J.E., Bergh, A. & Widmark, A. 1990. Age-related differences in testicular microcirculation. Int J Androl 13, 197-206.
47. Damber, J.E., Maddocks, S., Widmark, A. & Bergh, A. 1992. Testicular blood flow and vasomotion can be maintained by testosterone in Leydig cell-depleted rats. Int J Androl 15, 385-393.
48. Desilets, M., Driska, S.P. & Baumgarten, C.M. 1989. Current fluctuations and oscillations in smooth muscle cells from hog carotid artery. Role of the sarcoplasmic reticulum. Circ Res 65, 708-722.
49. Dirnagl, U., Lindauer, U. & Villringer, A. 1993. Nitric oxide synthase blockade enhances vasomotion in the cerebral microcirculation of anesthetized rats. Microvasc Res 45, 318-323.
50. 2+ handling. Br J Pharmacol 132, 1957-1966.
51. Emerson, G.G. & Segal, S.S. 2000. Electrical coupling between endothelial cells and smooth muscle cells in hamster feed arteries: role in vasomotor control. Circ Res 87, 474-479.
52. Fagrell, B., Fronek, A. & Intaglietta, M. 1977. A microscopetelevision system for studying flow velocity in human skin capillaries. Am J Physiol 233, H318-H321.
53. Figueroa, X.F., Isakson, B.E. & Duling, B.R. 2006. Vascular gap junctions in hypertension. Hypertension 48, 804-811.
54. Garland, C.J. 1989. Influence of the endothelium and alphaadrenoreceptor antagonists on responses to noradrenaline in the rabbit basilar artery. J Physiol 418, 205-217.
55. Gokina, N.I., Bevan, R.D., Walters, C.L. & Bevan, J.A. 1996. Electrical activity underlying rhythmic contraction in human pial arteries. Circ Res 78, 148-153.
56. Goldman, D. & Popel, A.S. 2001. A computational study of the effect of vasomotion on oxygen transport from capillary networks. J Theor Biol 209, 189-199.
57. 2+ signalling. J Microsc 196, 305-316.
58. - channels. Trends Pharmacol Sci 28, 1-5.
59. 2+-calmodulin dependent kinase. J Physiol 534, 395-408.
60. Griffith, T.M. 1996. Temporal chaos in the microcirculation. Cardiovasc Res 31, 342-358.
61. Griffith, T.M. & Edwards, D.H. 1993a. Mechanisms underlying chaotic vasomotion in isolated resistance arteries: roles of calcium and EDRF. Biorheology 30, 333-347.
62. Griffith, T.M. & Edwards, D.H. 1993b. Modulation of chaotic pressure oscillations in isolated resistance arteries by EDRF. Eur Heart J 14(Suppl. 1), 60-67.
63. Griffith, T.M. & Edwards, D.H. 1995. Complexity of chaotic vasomotion is insensitive to flow and pressure but can be regulated by external control. Am J Physiol 269, H656-H668.
64. Gustafsson, H. 1993. Vasomotion and underlying mechanisms in small arteries. An in vitro study of rat blood vessels. Acta Physiol Scand 149(Suppl. 614), 1-44.
65. Gustafsson, H. & Nilsson, H. 1993. Rhythmic contractions of isolated small arteries from rat: role of calcium. Acta Physiol Scand 149, 283-291.
66. +-pump. Acta Physiol Scand 150, 161-170.
67. Gustafsson, U., Wardell, K., Nilsson, G.E. & Lewis, D.H. 1991. Vasomotion in rat skeletal muscle induced by hemorrhage as recorded by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Microvasc Res 42, 224-228.
68. Gustafsson, H., Mulvany, M.J. & Nilsson, H. 1993. Rhythmic contractions of isolated small arteries from rat: influence of the endothelium. Acta Physiol Scand 148, 153-163.
69. Gustafsson, H., Bulow, A. & Nilsson, H. 1994. Rhythmic contractions of isolated, pressurized small arteries from rat. Acta Physiol Scand 152, 145-152.
70. Gustafsson, F., Mikkelsen, H.B., Arensbak, B., Thuneberg, L., Neve, S., Jensen, L.J. & Holstein-Rathlou, N.H. 2003. Expression of connexin 37, 40 and 43 in rat mesenteric arterioles and resistance arteries. Histochem Cell Biol 119, 139-148.
71. Haddock, R.E. & Hill, C.E. 2002. Differential activation of ion channels by inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3)- and ryanodine- sensitive calcium stores in rat basilar artery vasomotion. J Physiol 545, 615-627.
72. Haddock, R.E. & Hill, C.E. 2005. Rhythmicity in arterial smooth muscle. J Physiol 566, 645-656.
73. Haddock, R.E., Hirst, G.D. & Hill, C.E. 2002. Voltage independence of vasomotion in isolated irideal arterioles of the rat. J Physiol 540, 219-229.
74. Haddock, R.E., Grayson, T.H., Brackenbury, T.D., Meaney, K.R., Neylon, C.B., Sandow, S.L. & Hill, C. 2006. Endothelial coordination of cerebral vasomotion via myoendothelial gap junctions containing connexins37 and 40. Am J Physiol 291, H2047-H2256.
75. Hapuarachchi, T., Park, C.S. & Payne, S. 2010. Quantification of the effects of vasomotion on mass transport to tissue from axisymmetric blood vessels. J Theor Biol 264, 553-559.
76. Hartzell, C., Qu, Z., Putzier, I., Artinian, L., Chien, L.T. & Cui, Y. 2005. Looking chloride channels straight in the eye: bestrophins, lipofuscinosis, and retinal degeneration. Physiology (Bethesda) 20, 292-302.
77. van Helden, D.F., Hosaka, K. & Imtiaz, M.S. 2006. Rhythmicity in the microcirculation. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 34, 59-66.
78. Herve, J.C., Bourmeyster, N., Sarrouilhe, D. & Duffy, H.S. 2007. Gap junctional complexes: from partners to functions. Prog Biophys Mol Biol 94, 29-65.
79. Hessellund, A., Aalkjaer, C. & Bek, T. 2006. Effect of cyclic guanosine-monophosphate on porcine retinal vasomotion. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 84, 228-233.
80. Hill, C.E., Eade, J. & Sandow, S.L. 1999. Mechanisms underlying spontaneous rhythmical contractions in irideal arterioles of the rat. J Physiol 521(Pt 2), 507-516.
81. Hill, C.E., Rummery, N., Hickey, H. & Sandow, S.L. 2002. Heterogeneity in the distribution of vascular gap junctions and connexins: implications for function. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 29, 620-625.
82. 2+ and NO. Am J Physiol 277, H1732-H1744.
83. Hoffmann, U., Franzeck, U.K. & Bollinger, A. 1994. Low frequency oscillations of skin blood flux in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Vasa 23, 120-124.
84. Hoffmann, A., Gloe, T., Pohl, U. & Zahler, S. 2003. Nitric oxide enhances de novo formation of endothelial gap junctions. Cardiovasc Res 60, 421-430.
85. Hundley, W.G., Renaldo, G.J., Levasseur, J.E. & Kontos, H.A. 1988. Vasomotion in cerebral microcirculation of awake rabbits. Am J Physiol 254, H67-H71.
86. Iida, N. 1990. Effects of vasomotion and venous pressure elevation on capillary-tissue fluid exchange across hetero-porous membrane. Biorheology 27, 205-224.
87. 2+ concentration in single vascular smooth muscle cells in situ. EMBO J 13, 5026-5031.
88. Isakson, B.E. & Duling, B.R. 2005. Heterocellular contact at the myoendothelial junction influences gap junction organization. Circ Res 97, 44-51.
89. Jackson, W.F. 1988. Oscillations in active tension in hamster aortas: role of the endothelium. Blood Vessels 25, 144-156.
90. Jackson, W.F. 2005. Potassium channels in the peripheral microcirculation. Microcirculation 12, 113-127.
91. Jackson, W.F., Mulsch, A. & Busse, R. 1991. Rhythmic smooth muscle activity in hamster aortas is mediated by continuous release of NO from the endothelium. Am J Physiol 260, H248-H253.
92. Jacobsen, J.C., Aalkjaer, C., Nilsson, H., Matchkov, V., Freiberg, J. & Holstein-Rathlou, N.H. 2007a. A model of smooth muscle cell synchronization in the arterial wall. Am J Physiol 293, H229-H237.
93. Jacobsen, J.C., Aalkjaer, C., Nilsson, H., Matchkov, V.V., Freiberg, J. & Holstein-Rathlou, N.H. 2007b. Activation of a cGMP-sensitive calcium-dependent chloride channel may cause transition from calcium waves to whole cell oscillations in smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 293, H215-H228.
94. Jacobsen, J.C., Aalkjaer, C., Matchkov, V.V., Nilsson, H., Freiberg, J.J. & Holstein-Rathlou, N.H. 2008. Heterogeneity and weak coupling may explain the synchronization characteristics of cells in the arterial wall. Philos Transact A Math Phys Eng Sci 366, 3483-3502.
95. 2+ waves by UTP in rat cerebral artery smooth muscle cells. Am J Physiol 279, C1528-C1539.
96. Jamsek, J. & Stefanovska, A. 2007. The cardio-respiratory couplings observed in the LDF signal using wavelet biospectrum. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007, 4072-4075.
97. Jensen, B.L., Ellekvist, P. & Skøtt, O. 1997. Chloride is essential for contraction of afferent arterioles after agonists and potassium. Am J Physiol 272, F389-F396.
98. Jones, T.W. 1852. Discovery that the veins of the bat’s wing are endowed with rhythmical contractility and that onward flow of blood is accelerated by each contraction. Philos Trans R Soc Lond 142, 131-136.
99. Kameritsch, P., Hoffmann, A. & Pohl, U. 2003. Opposing effects of nitric oxide on different connexins expressed in the vascular system. Cell Commun Adhes 10, 305-309.
100. Kano, T., Shimoda, O., Hashiguchi, A. & Satoh, T. 1991. Periodic abnormal fluctuations of blood pressure, heart rate and skin blood flow appearing in a resuscitated comatose patient. J Auton Nerv Syst 36, 115-122.
101. Kastrup, J., Bulow, J. & Lassen, N.A. 1989. Vasomotion in human skin before and after local heating recorded with laser-Doppler flowmetry. A method for induction of vasomotion. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 8, 205-215.
102. Kaufman, A.G. & Intaglietta, M. 1985. Automated diameter measurement of vasomotion by cross-correlation. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 4, 45-53.
103. Kislukhin, V.V. 2010. Stochasticity of flow through microcirculation as a regulator of oxygen delivery. Theor Biol Med Model 7, 29.
104. 2+ dynamics in a population of smooth muscle cells: modeling the recruitment and synchronization. Biophys J 87, 92-104.
105. Koenigsberger, M., Sauser, R., Seppey, D., Beny, J.L. & Meister, J.J. 2008. Calcium dynamics and vasomotion in arteries subject to isometric, isobaric, and isotonic conditions. Biophys J 95, 2728-2738.
106. Kvandal, P., Stefanovska, A., Veber, M., Kvermmo, H.D. & Kirkeboen, K.A. 2003. Regulation of human cutaneous circulation evaluated by laser-Doppler flowmetry, iontophoresis, and spectral analysis: importance of nitric oxide and prostaglandines. Microvasc Res 65, 160-171.
107. Kvandal, P., Landsverk, S.A., Bernjak, A., Stefanovska, A., Kvernmo, H.D. & Kirkeboen, K.A. 2006. Low-frequency oscillations of the laser-Doppler perfusion signal in human skin. Microvasc Res 72, 120-127.
108. Kvernmo, H.D., Stefanovska, A., Bracic, M., Kirkeboen, K.A. & Kvernebo, K. 1998. Spectral analysis of the laser-Doppler perfusion signal in human skin before and after exercise. Microvasc Res 56, 173-182.
109. Kvernmo, H.D., Stefanovska, A., Kirkeboen, K.A. & Kvernebo, K. 1999. Oscillations in the human cutaneous blood perfusion signal modified by endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilators. Microvasc Res 57, 298-309.
110. Lacza, Z., Herman, P., Gorlach, C., Hortobagyi, T., Sandor, P., Wahl, M. & Benyo, Z. 2001. NO synthase blockade induces chaotic cerebral vasomotion via activation of thromboxane receptors. Stroke 32, 2609-2614.
111. Lamb, F.S. & Barna, T.J. 1998. Chloride ion currents contribute functionally to norepinephrine-induced vascular contraction. Am J Physiol 275, H151-H160.
112. Lamboley, M., Schust, A., Beny, J.L. & Meister, J.J. 2003. Recruitment of smooth muscle cells and arterial vasomotion. Am J Physiol 285, H562-H569.
113. Ledoux, J., Werner, M.E., Brayden, J.E. & Nelson, M.T. 2006. Calcium-activated potassium channels and the regulation of vascular tone. Physiology (Bethesda) 21, 69-78.
114. i oscillations underlying tonic contraction in the rabbit inferior vena cava. J Physiol 534, 641-650.
115. Lefer, D.J., Lynch, C.D., Lapinski, K.C. & Hutchins, P.M. 1990. Enhanced vasomotion of cerebral arterioles in spontaneously hypertensive rats. Microvasc Res 39, 129-139.
116. Lefrandt, J.D., Bosma, E., Oomen, P.H., Hoeven, J.H., Roon, A.M., Smit, A.J. & Hoogenberg, K. 2003. Sympathetic mediated vasomotion and skin capillary permeability in diabetic patients with peripheral neuropathy. Diabetologia 46, 40-47.
117. Lysiak, J.J., Nguyen, Q.A. & Turner, T.T. 2000. Fluctuations in rat testicular interstitial oxygen tensions are linked to testicular vasomotion: persistence after repair of torsion. Biol Reprod 63, 1383-1389.
118. Mahler, F., Muheim, M.H., Intaglietta, M., Bollinger, A. & Anliker, M. 1979. Blood pressure fluctuations in human nailfold capillaries. Am J Physiol 236, H888-H893.
119. Marchenko, S.M. & Sage, S.O. 1994. Smooth muscle cells affect endothelial membrane potential in rat aorta. Am J Physiol 267, H804-H811.
120. Masuda, Y., Okui, K. & Fukuda, Y. 1982. Fine spontaneous contractions of the arterial wall of the rat in vitro. Jpn J Physiol 32, 453-457.
121. Matchkov, V.V. 2010. Mechanisms of cellular synchronization in the vascular wall. Mechanisms of vasomotion. Dan Med Bull 57, B4191.
122. Matchkov, V.V., Aalkjaer, C. & Nilsson, H. 2004a. A cyclic GMP-dependent calcium-activated chloride current in smooth muscle cells from rat mesenteric resistance arteries. J Gen Physiol 123, 121-134.
123. Matchkov, V.V., Rahman, A., Peng, H., Nilsson, H. & Aalkjaer, C. 2004b. Junctional and nonjunctional effects of heptanol and glycyrrhetinic acid derivates in rat mesenteric small arteries. Br J Pharmacol 142, 961-972.
124. - conductances in smooth muscle cells from different vascular beds and colon. Pflugers Arch 451, 371-379.
125. Matchkov, V.V., Rahman, A., Bakker, L.M., Griffith, T.M., Nilsson, H. & Aalkjaer, C. 2006. Analysis of effects of connexin-mimetic peptides in rat mesenteric small arteries. Am J Physiol 291, H357-H367.
126. 2+-exchanger modulates intercellular communication. Circ Res 100, 1026-1035.
127. Matchkov, V.V., Larsen, P., Bouzinova, E.V., Rojek, A., Boedtkjer, D.M., Golubinskaya, V., Pedersen, F.S., Aalkjaer, C. & Nilsson, H. 2008. Bestrophin-3 (vitelliform macular dystrophy 2-like 3 protein) is essential for the cGMPdependent calcium-activated chloride conductance in vascular smooth muscle cells. Circ Res 103, 864-872.
128. Mauban, J.R. & Wier, W.G. 2004. Essential role of EDHF in the initiation and maintenance of adrenergic vasomotion in rat mesenteric arteries. Am J Physiol 287, H608-H616.
129. 2+ oscillations. Am J Physiol 280, H2399-H2405.
130. 2+ waves in smooth muscle as revealed by localized photolysis of caged inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate. J Biol Chem 279, 8417-8427.
131. Meyer, J.U., Borgström, P., Lindbom, L. & Intaglietta, M. 1988. Vasomotion patterns in skeletal muscle arterioles during changes in arterial pressure. Microvasc Res 35, 193-203.
132. Meyer, M.F., Rose, C.J., Hulsmann, J.O., Schatz, H. & Pfohl, M. 2003a. Impaired 0.1 Hz vasomotion assessed by laser-Doppler anemometry as an early index of peripheral sympathetic neuropathy in diabetes. Microvasc Res 65, 88-95.
133. Meyer, M.F., Rose, C.J., Hulsmann, J.O., Schatz, H. & Pfohl, M. 2003b. Impairment of cutaneous arteriolar 0.1 Hz vasomotion in diabetes. Exp Clin Endocrinol Diabetes 111, 104-110.
134. Meyer, M.F., Rose, C.J., Schatz, H. & Klein, H.H. 2009. Effects of a short-term improvement in glycaemic control on skin microvascular dysfunction in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients. Diabet Med 26, 880-886.
135. 2+ transients in smooth muscle of pressurized rat resistance arteries during myogenic and agonist stimulation. J Physiol 518(Pt3), 815-824.
136. Morita-Tsuzuki, Y., Bouskela, E. & Hardebo, J.E. 1992. Vasomotion in the rat cerebral microcirculation recorded by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Acta Physiol Scand 146, 431-439.
137. Mulvany, M.J., Nilsson, H. & Flatman, J.A. 1982. Role of membrane potential in the response of rat small mesenteric arteries to exogenous noradrenaline stimulation. J Physiol 332, 363-373.
138. Newman, J.M., Dwyer, R.M., St-Pierre, P., Richards, S.M., Clark, M.G. & Rattigan, S. 2009. Decreased microvascular vasomotion and myogenic response in rat skeletal muscle in association with acute insulin resistance. J Physiol 587, 2579-2588.
139. Nilsson, H. & Aalkjaer, C. 2003. Vasomotion: mechanisms and physiological importance. Mol Interv 3, 79-89.
140. Ohta, I., Ohta, A., Shibata, M. & Kamiya, A. 1988. Oxygen transport to tissue during recurrent blood flow supply by grouped capillaries in skeletal muscle with or without facilitated diffusion. Adv Exp Med Biol 222,105-112.
141. Oishi, H., Schuster, A., Lamboley, M., Stergiopulos, N., Meister, J.J. & Bény, J.L. 2002. Role of membrane potential in vasomotion of isolated pressurized rat arteries. Life Sci 71, 2239-2248.
142. Okazaki, K., Seki, S., Kanaya, N., Hattori, J., Tohse, N. & Namiki, A. 2003. Role of endothelium-derived hyperpolarizing factor in phenylephrine-induced oscillatory vasomotion in rat small mesenteric artery. Anesthesiology 98, 1164-1171.
143. Omote, M. & Mizusawa, H. 1993. The role of sarcoplasmic reticulum in endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent rhythmic contractions in the rabbit mesenteric artery. Acta Physiol Scand 149, 15-21.
144. Omote, M., Kajimoto, N. & Mizusawa, H. 1992. Phenylephrine induces endothelium-independent rhythmic contraction in rabbit mesenteric arteries treated with ryanodine. Acta Physiol Scand 145, 295-296.
145. Osol, G. & Halpern, W. 1988. Spontaneous vasomotion in pressurized cerebral arteries from genetically hypertensive rats. Am J Physiol 254, H28-H33.
146. Oude Vrielink, H.H., Slaaf, D.W., Tangelder, G.J., Weijmer-Van, V.S. & Reneman, R.S. 1990. Analysis of vasomotion waveform changes during pressure reduction and adenosine application. Am J Physiol 258, H29-H37.
147. Parthimos, D., Haddock, R.E., Hill, C.E. & Griffith, T.M. 2007. Dynamics of a three-variable nonlinear model of vasomotion: comparison of theory and experiment. Biophys J 93, 1534-1556.
148. Pekanmaki, K., Kolari, P.J. & Kiistala, U. 1991. Laser-Doppler vasomotion among patients with post-thrombotic venous insufficiency: effect of intermittent pneumatic compression. Vasa 20, 394-397.
149. Peng, H.L., Ivarsen, A., Nilsson, H. & Aalkjaer, C. 1998a. On the cellular mechanism for the effect of acidosis on vascular tone. Acta Physiol Scand 164, 517-525.
150. i in rat cerebral arteries: is there a role for membrane potential? Am J Physiol 274, H655-H662.
151. Peng, H., Matchkov, V., Ivarsen, A., Aalkjaer, C. & Nilsson, H. 2001. Hypothesis for the initiation of vasomotion. Circ Res 88, 810-815.
152. - channels in rat mesenteric artery myocytes. J Physiol 559, 449-457.
153. - channels in rat mesenteric artery smooth muscle cells. J Physiol 555, 397-408.
154. Pradhan, R.K. & Chakravarthy, V.S. 2007. A computational model that links non-periodic vasomotion to enhanced oxygenation in skeletal muscle. Math Biosci 209, 486-499.
155. Pyykko, I., Gemne, G., Kolari, P., Starck, J., Ilmarinen, R. & Aalto, H. 1986. Vasomotor oscillation in vibration-induced white finger. Scand J Work Environ Health 12, 389-394.
156. Rahman, A., Matchkov, V., Nilsson, H. & Aalkjaer, C. 2005. Effects of cGMP on coordination of vascular smooth muscle cells of rat mesenteric small arteries. J Vasc Res 42, 301-311.
157. i in vasomotion of rat mesenteric small arteries. Cell Calcium 42, 536-547.
158. Ren, T.Y., Brown, J.N., Nuttall, A.L. & Miller, J.M. 1994. Cochlear flux motion and arterial pressure reduction in guinea pig. Acta Otolaryngol 114, 254-258.
159. Renaudin, C., Michoud, E., Lagarde, M. & Wiernsperger, N. 1999. Impaired microvascular responses to acute hyperglycemia in type I diabetic rats. J Diabetes Complications 13, 39-44.
160. Rizzoni, D., Porteri, E., Castellano, M., Bettoni, G., Muiesan, M.L., Tiberio, G., Giulini, S.M., Rossi, G., Bernini, G. & Agabiti-Rosei, E. 1998. Endothelial dysfunction in hypertension is independent from the etiology and from vascular structure. Hypertension 31, 335-341.
161. Rossi, M., Ricordi, L., Mevio, E., Fornasari, G., Orlandi, C., Fratino, P., Finardi, G. & Bernardi, L. 1990. Autonomic nervous system and microcirculation in diabetes. J Auton Nerv Syst 30, S133-S135.
162. Rossi, M., Carpi, A., Di, M.C., Galetta, F. & Santoro, G. 2006a. Spectral analysis of laser-Doppler skin blood flow oscillations in human essential arterial hypertension. Microvasc Res 72, 34-41.
163. Rossi, M., Carpi, A., Galetta, F., Franzoni, F. & Santoro, G. 2006b. The investigation of skin blood flowmotion: a new approach to study the microcirculatory impairment in vascular diseases? Biomed Pharmacother 60, 437-442.
164. Rossi, M., Di, M.C., Erba, P., Galetta, F., Carpi, A. & Santoro, G. 2009. Study of skin vasomotion during phollicular and luteal phase in young healthy women. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 42, 107-115.
165. Rossi, M., Nannipieri, M., Anselmino, M., Pesce, M., Muscelli, E., Santoro, G. & Ferrannini, E. 2011. Skin vasodilator function and vasomotion in patients with morbid obesity: effects of gastric bypass surgery. Obes Surg 21, 87-94.
166. Rucker, M., Strobel, O., Vollmar, B., Roesken, F. & Menger, M.D. 2000. Vasomotion in critically perfused muscle protects adjacent tissues from capillary perfusion failure. Am J Physiol 279, H550-H558.
167. 2+ waves in intact venous smooth muscle. Circ Res 86, E72-E79.
168. Rummery, N.M. & Hill, C.E. 2004. Vascular gap junctions and implications for hypertension. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 31, 659-667.
169. Ryan, A.J. & Gisolfi, C.V. 1995. Responses of rat mesenteric arteries to norepinephrine during exposure to heat stress and acidosis. J Appl Physiol 78, 38-45.
170. Sakurai, T. & Terui, N. 2006. Effects of sympathetically induced vasomotion on tissue-capillary fluid exchange. Am J Physiol 291, H1761-H1767.
171. + currents in myocytes isolated from aorta, basilar and pulmonary artery. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 284, 1122-1131.
172. + channels and their modulation by endothelin-1 in rat pulmonary arterial smooth muscle cells. Exp Physiol 80, 815-824.
173. Sandow, S.L., Looft-Wilson, R., Doran, B., Grayson, T.H., Segal, S.S. & Hill, C.E. 2003. Expression of homocellular and heterocellular gap junctions in hamster arterioles and feed arteries. Cardiovasc Res 60, 643-653.
174. Scheffler, A. & Rieger, H. 1992. Spontaneous oscillations of laser-Doppler skin blood flux in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 11, 249-261.
175. Schmidt, J.A. 1996. Periodic Hemodynamics in Health and Disease. R.G. Landes Company, Georgetown.
176. Schmidt, J.A., Intaglietta, M. & Borgström, P. 1992. Periodic hemodynamics in skeletal muscle during local arterial pressure reduction. J Appl Physiol 73, 1077-1083.
177. Schmidt, J.A., Borgstrom, P., Firestone, G.P., von, W.P., Intaglietta, M. & Fronek, A. 1993. Periodic hemodynamics (flow motion) in peripheral arterial occlusive disease. J Vasc Surg 18, 207-215.
178. Schmidt, J.A., Breit, G.A., Borgström, P. & Intaglietta, M. 1995. Induced periodic hemodynamics in skeletal muscle of anesthetized rabbits, studied with multiple laser-Doppler flow probes. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 15, 28-36.
179. Schmidt, V.J., Wolfle, S.E., Boettcher, M. & de Wit, C. 2008. Gap junctions synchronize vascular tone within the microcirculation. Pharmacol Rep 60, 68-74.
180. Schmidt-Lucke, C., Borgström, P. & Schmidt-Lucke, J.A. 2002. Low frequency flowmotion/(vasomotion) during patho- physiological conditions. Life Sci 71, 2713-2728.
181. Schroeder, B.C., Cheng, T., Jan, Y.N. & Jan, L.Y. 2008. Expression cloning of TMEM16A as a calcium-activated chloride channel subunit. Cell 134, 1019-1029.
182. Schuster, A., Oishi, H., Bény, J.L., Stergiopulos, N. & Meister, J.J. 2001. Simultaneous arterial calcium dynamics and diameter measurements: application to myoendothelial communication. Am J Physiol 280, H1088-H1096.
183. Schuster, A., Lamboley, M., Grange, C., Oishi, H., Beny, J.L., Stergiopulos, N. & Meister, J.J. 2004. Calcium dynamics and vasomotion in rat mesenteric arteries. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol 43, 539-548.
184. Segal, S.S. & Beny, J.L. 1992. Intracellular recording and dye transfer in arterioles during blood flow control. Am J Physiol 263, H1-H7.
185. Segal, S.S. & Duling, B.R. 1989. Conduction of vasomotor responses in arterioles: a role for cell-to-cell coupling? Am J Physiol 256, H838-H845.
186. 2+ concentration dynamics in vascular smooth muscle cells of rat mesenteric arteries. Cell Calcium 32, 105-120.
187. Setchell, B.P., Bergh, A., Widmark, A. & Damber, J.E. 1995. Effect of testicular temperature on vasomotion and blood flow. Int J Androl 18, 120-126.
188. Siegel, G. 1983. Principles of vascular rhythmogenesis. Prog appl Microcirc 3, 40-63.
189. Siegel, G., Hofer, H.W., Walter, A., Rückborn, K., Schnalke, F. & Koepchen, H.P. 1991. Autorhytmicity in blood vessels:its biophysical and biochemical bases. Springer Series Synerget 55, 35-60.
190. Slaaf, D.W., Tangelder, G.J., Teirlinck, H.C. & Reneman, R.S. 1987. Arteriolar vasomotion and arterial pressure reduction in rabbit tenuissimus muscle. Microvasc Res 33, 71-80.
191. Slaaf, D.W., Vrielink, H.H., Tangelder, G.J. & Reneman, R.S. 1988. Effective diameter as a determinant of local vascular resistance in presence of vasomotion. Am J Physiol 255, H1240-H1243.
192. + channels in pulmonary arterial myocytes. Cell Calcium 29, 369-377.
193. Stansberry, K.B., Shapiro, S.A., Hill, M.A., McNitt, P.M., Meyer, M.D. & Vinik, A.I. 1996. Impaired peripheral vasomotion in diabetes. Diabetes Care 19, 715-721.
194. Stefanovska, A. 2007. Coupled oscillators. Complex but not complicated cardiovascular and brain interactions. IEEE Eng Med Biol Mag 26, 25-29.
195. Thorn, C.E., Matcher, S.J., Meglinski, I.V. & Shore, A.C. 2009. Is mean blood saturation a useful marker of tissue oxygenation? Am J Physiol 296, H1289-H1295.
196. Thorneloe, K.S. & Nelson, M.T. 2005. Ion channels in smooth muscle: regulators of intracellular calcium and contractility. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 83, 215-242.
197. Thybo, N.K., Stephens, N., Cooper, A., Aalkjaer, C., Heagerty, A.M. & Mulvany, M.J. 1995. Effect of antihypertensive treatment on small arteries of patients with previously untreated essential hypertension. Hypertension 25, 474-481.
198. Tsai, A.G. & Intaglietta, M. 1993. Evidence of flowmotion induced changes in local tissue oxygenation. Int J Microcirc Clin Exp 12, 75-88.
199. Tsai, M.L., Watts, S.W., Loch-Caruso, R. & Webb, R.C. 1995. The role of gap junctional communication in contractile oscillations in arteries from normotensive and hypertensive rats. J Hypertens 13, 1123-1133.
200. VanBavel, E., Giezeman, M.J., Mooij, T. & Spaan, J.A. 1991. Influence of pressure alterations on tone and vasomotion of isolated mesenteric small arteries of the rat. J Physiol 436, 371-383.
201. Verbeuren, T.J., Vallez, M.O., Lavielle, G. & Bouskela, E. 1997. Activation of thromboxane receptors and the induction of vasomotion in the hamster cheek pouch microcirculation. Br J Pharmacol 122, 859-866.
202. Vollmar, B., Preissler, G. & Menger, M.D. 1994. Hemorrhagic hypotension induces arteriolar vasomotion and intermittent capillary perfusion in rat pancreas. Am J Physiol 267, H1936-H1940.
203. von der Weid, P.Y. & Beny, J.L. 1993. Simultaneous oscillations in the membrane potential of pig coronary artery endothelial and smooth muscle cells. J Physiol 471, 13-24.
204. Weiss, M., Milman, B., Rosen, B., Eisenstein, Z. & Zimlichman, R. 1992. Analysis of the diminished skin perfusion in elderly people by laser-Doppler flowmetry. Age Ageing 21, 237-241.
205. Welsh, M., Sharpe, R.M., Moffat, L., Atanassova, N., Saunders, P.T., Kilter, S., Bergh, A. & Smith, L.B. 2010. Androgen action via testicular arteriole smooth muscle cells is important for Leydig cell function, vasomotion and testicular fluid dynamics. PLoS ONE 5, e13632.
206. Westermaier, T., Jauss, A., Eriskat, J., Kunze, E. & Roosen, K. 2009. Acute vasoconstriction: decrease and recovery of cerebral blood flow after various intensities of experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage in rats. J Neurosurg 110, 996-1002.
207. Widmark, A., Damber, J.E. & Bergh, A. 1986. Relationship between human chorionic gonadotrophin-induced changes in testicular microcirculation and the formation of testicular interstitial fluid. J Endocrinol 109, 419-425.
208. Widmark, A., Damber, J.E. & Bergh, A. 1989. High and low doses of luteinizing hormone induce different changes in testicular microcirculation. Acta Endocrinol (Copenh) 121, 621-627.
209. Wiernsperger, N. & Bouskela, E. 2009. Microvascular haemodynamic reactions to insulin. J Physiol 587, 5289-2.
210. Wilkin, J.K. 1986. Periodic cutaneous blood flow during postocclusive reactive hyperemia. Am J Physiol 250, H765-H768.
211. Wilkin, J.K. 1989. Poiseuille, periodicity, and perfusion: rhythmic oscillatory vasomotion in the skin. J Invest Dermatol 93, 113S-118S.
212. de Wit, C., Wolfle, S.E. & Hopfl, B. 2006. Connexin-dependent communication within the vascular wall: contribution to the control of arteriolar diameter. Adv Cardiol 42, 268-283.
213. Yamamoto, Y., Klemm, M.F., Edwards, F.R. & Suzuki, H. 2001. Intercellular electrical communication among smooth muscle and endothelial cells in guinea-pig mesenteric arterioles. J Physiol 535, 181-195.
214. Yang, Y.D., Cho, H., Koo, J.Y., Tak, M.H., Cho, Y., Shim, W.S., Park, S.P., Lee, J., Lee, B., Kim, B.M., Raouf, R., Shin, Y.K. & Oh, U. 2008. TMEM16A confers receptor-activated calcium-dependent chloride conductance. Nature 455, 1210-1215.
215. 2+ signals. Cell Calcium 29, 327-334.
216. Zhang, J., Fu, S., Liu, S., Mao, T. & Xiu, R. 2000. The therapeutic effect of Ginkgo biloba extract in SHR rats and its possible mechanisms based on cerebral microvascular flow and vasomotion. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc 23, 133-138.
217. - channels, resulting in spontaneous transient currents in guinea-pig tracheal myocytes. J Physiol 513, 711-718.