메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 510, Issue 3-4, 2011, Pages 253-268

The mechanical paradox of low-angle normal faults: Current understanding and open questions

Author keywords

Fault mechanics; Friction; Low angle normal faults; Seismicity

Indexed keywords

BRITTLE CRUST; BRITTLE DETACHMENT; BRITTLE PROCESS; COMMON FEATURES; CRUSTAL EXTENSION; DATA SETS; DUCTILE SHEAR ZONE; ENDMEMBERS; FAULT CORE; FAULT CREEP; FAULT REACTIVATION; FAULT ZONE; FLUID-ROCK INTERACTION; FRICTIONAL STRENGTH; GEOLOGICAL DATA; LOW FRICTION COEFFICIENTS; MYLONITIC SHEAR ZONE; NORMAL FAULTS; OVERPRESSURE; SEISMICITY; TYPICAL FAULTS;

EID: 80053254760     PISSN: 00401951     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.tecto.2011.07.015     Document Type: Review
Times cited : (142)

References (123)
  • 1
    • 84879883812 scopus 로고
    • Possibles eismogenics hallow-dipping normal faults in the Woodlark-D'Entrecasteaux extensional province, Papua New Guinea
    • Abers G.A. Possibles eismogenics hallow-dipping normal faults in the Woodlark-D'Entrecasteaux extensional province, Papua New Guinea. Geology 1991, 19:1205-1208.
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 1205-1208
    • Abers, G.A.1
  • 2
    • 69649107574 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slip on shallow-dipping normal faults
    • Abers G.A. Slip on shallow-dipping normal faults. Geology 2009, 37:767-768.
    • (2009) Geology , vol.37 , pp. 767-768
    • Abers, G.A.1
  • 3
    • 0031449693 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shallow dips of normal faults during rapid extension: earthquakes in the Woodlark-D'Entrecasteaux rift system, Papua New Guinea
    • Abers G.A., Mutter C.Z., Fang J. Shallow dips of normal faults during rapid extension: earthquakes in the Woodlark-D'Entrecasteaux rift system, Papua New Guinea. Journal of Geophysical Research 1997, 102:15301-15317.
    • (1997) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.102 , pp. 15301-15317
    • Abers, G.A.1    Mutter, C.Z.2    Fang, J.3
  • 5
    • 80053260003 scopus 로고
    • Thin-skin distention in the Tertiary rock of southwestern Nevada
    • Anderson R.E. Thin-skin distention in the Tertiary rock of southwestern Nevada. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1971, 105:1019-1052.
    • (1971) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.105 , pp. 1019-1052
    • Anderson, R.E.1
  • 6
    • 0026445941 scopus 로고
    • Pore pressure, stress increase, and fault weakening in low-angle normal faulting
    • Axen G.J. Pore pressure, stress increase, and fault weakening in low-angle normal faulting. Journal of Geophysical Research 1992, 97:8979-8991.
    • (1992) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.97 , pp. 8979-8991
    • Axen, G.J.1
  • 7
    • 0033573482 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Low-angle normal fault earthquakes and triggering
    • Axen G.J. Low-angle normal fault earthquakes and triggering. Geophysical Research Letters 1999, 26(24):3693-3696. 10.1029/1999GL005405.
    • (1999) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.26 , Issue.24 , pp. 3693-3696
    • Axen, G.J.1
  • 8
    • 15944385851 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mechanics of low-angle normal faults
    • G.D. Karner, J.D. Morris, N.W. Driscoll, E.A. Silver (Eds.) Rheology and Deformation of the Lithosphere at Continental Margins
    • Axen G.J. Mechanics of low-angle normal faults. MARGINS Theoretical and Experimental Earth Science Series 2004, 46-91. G.D. Karner, J.D. Morris, N.W. Driscoll, E.A. Silver (Eds.).
    • (2004) MARGINS Theoretical and Experimental Earth Science Series , pp. 46-91
    • Axen, G.J.1
  • 9
    • 84879880764 scopus 로고
    • Stress state and fluid pressure levels on the Whipple detachment fault, California
    • 838-838
    • Axen G., Selverstone J. Stress state and fluid pressure levels on the Whipple detachment fault, California. Geology 1994, 22. 838-838.
    • (1994) Geology , vol.22
    • Axen, G.1    Selverstone, J.2
  • 10
    • 0034963183 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • High-temperature embrittlement of extensional Alpine mylonite zones in the midcrustal ductile-brittle transition
    • Axen G.J., Selverstone J., Wawrzyniec T. High-temperature embrittlement of extensional Alpine mylonite zones in the midcrustal ductile-brittle transition. Journal of Geophysical Research 2001, 106:4337-4348.
    • (2001) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.106 , pp. 4337-4348
    • Axen, G.J.1    Selverstone, J.2    Wawrzyniec, T.3
  • 11
    • 0001672391 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The CROP 03 profile: a synthesis of results on deep structures of the Northern Apennines
    • Barchi M.R., Minelli G., Pialli G. The CROP 03 profile: a synthesis of results on deep structures of the Northern Apennines. Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana 1998, 52:383-400.
    • (1998) Memorie della Società Geologica Italiana , vol.52 , pp. 383-400
    • Barchi, M.R.1    Minelli, G.2    Pialli, G.3
  • 13
    • 0012113965 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 27 others The Ms=6.2, June 15, 1995 Aigion earthquake (Greece): evidence for low angle normal faulting in Corinth rift
    • Bernard P., 27 others The Ms=6.2, June 15, 1995 Aigion earthquake (Greece): evidence for low angle normal faulting in Corinth rift. Journal of Seismology 1997, 1:131-150.
    • (1997) Journal of Seismology , vol.1 , pp. 131-150
    • Bernard, P.1
  • 14
    • 33745608736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strain partitioning and stress rotation at the North Anatolian fault zone from aftershock focal mechanisms of the 1999 Izmit Mw=7.4 earthquake
    • Bohnhoff M., Grosser H., Dresen G. Strain partitioning and stress rotation at the North Anatolian fault zone from aftershock focal mechanisms of the 1999 Izmit Mw=7.4 earthquake. Geophysical Journal International 2006, 166:372-385.
    • (2006) Geophysical Journal International , vol.166 , pp. 372-385
    • Bohnhoff, M.1    Grosser, H.2    Dresen, G.3
  • 15
    • 0034455109 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Architecture and seismotectonics of a regional low-angle normal fault zone in central Italy
    • Boncio P., Brozetti F., Lavecchia G. Architecture and seismotectonics of a regional low-angle normal fault zone in central Italy. Tectonics 2000, 19:1038-1055.
    • (2000) Tectonics , vol.19 , pp. 1038-1055
    • Boncio, P.1    Brozetti, F.2    Lavecchia, G.3
  • 16
    • 0035427447 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Experimental investigation into the microstructural and mechanical evolution of phyllosilicate-bearing fault rock under conditions favouring pressure solution
    • Bos B., Spiers C.J. Experimental investigation into the microstructural and mechanical evolution of phyllosilicate-bearing fault rock under conditions favouring pressure solution. Journal of Structural Geology 2001, 23:1187-1202.
    • (2001) Journal of Structural Geology , vol.23 , pp. 1187-1202
    • Bos, B.1    Spiers, C.J.2
  • 17
    • 43849098389 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Clay-clast aggregates: a new textural evidence for seismic fault sliding?
    • Boutareaud S., et al. Clay-clast aggregates: a new textural evidence for seismic fault sliding?. Geophysical Research Letters 2008, 35:L05302. 10.1029/2007GL032554.
    • (2008) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.35
    • Boutareaud, S.1
  • 18
    • 0141855242 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Compositional and fluid pressure controls on the state of stress on the Nankai subduction thrust: a weak plate boundary
    • Brown K.M., Kopf A., Underwood M.B., Weinberger J.L. Compositional and fluid pressure controls on the state of stress on the Nankai subduction thrust: a weak plate boundary. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2003, 214:589-603.
    • (2003) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.214 , pp. 589-603
    • Brown, K.M.1    Kopf, A.2    Underwood, M.B.3    Weinberger, J.L.4
  • 20
    • 57649121743 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • 15 others Strain accommodation by slow slip and dyking in a youthful continental rift, East Africa
    • Calais E., 15 others Strain accommodation by slow slip and dyking in a youthful continental rift, East Africa. Nature 2008, 456:783-787.
    • (2008) Nature , vol.456 , pp. 783-787
    • Calais, E.1
  • 21
    • 79953668721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Weakness of the San Andreas Fault revealed by samples from the active fault zone
    • Carpenter B.M., Marone C., Saffer D.M. Weakness of the San Andreas Fault revealed by samples from the active fault zone. Nature Geoscience 2011, 4:251-254. 10.1038/ngeo1089.
    • (2011) Nature Geoscience , vol.4 , pp. 251-254
    • Carpenter, B.M.1    Marone, C.2    Saffer, D.M.3
  • 23
    • 37349013340 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Architecture and mechanics of an active low-angle normal fault: Alto Tiberina Fault, northern Apennines, Italy
    • Chiaraluce L., Chiarabba C., Collettini C., Piccinini D., Cocco M. Architecture and mechanics of an active low-angle normal fault: Alto Tiberina Fault, northern Apennines, Italy. Journal of Geophysical Research 2007, 112:B10310. 10.1029/2007JB005015.
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.112
    • Chiaraluce, L.1    Chiarabba, C.2    Collettini, C.3    Piccinini, D.4    Cocco, M.5
  • 24
    • 0037159467 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A low angle normal fault in the Umbria region (Central Italy): a mechanical model for the related microseismicity
    • Collettini C., Barchi M.R. A low angle normal fault in the Umbria region (Central Italy): a mechanical model for the related microseismicity. Tectonophysics 2002, 359:97-115.
    • (2002) Tectonophysics , vol.359 , pp. 97-115
    • Collettini, C.1    Barchi, M.R.2
  • 25
    • 8744310734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fault zone weakening processes along low-angle normal faults: insights from the Zuccale Fault, Isle of Elba, Italy
    • Collettini C., Holdsworth R.E. Fault zone weakening processes along low-angle normal faults: insights from the Zuccale Fault, Isle of Elba, Italy. Journal of the Geological Society 2004, 161:1039-1051.
    • (2004) Journal of the Geological Society , vol.161 , pp. 1039-1051
    • Collettini, C.1    Holdsworth, R.E.2
  • 26
    • 84874952165 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Normal faults normal friction?
    • Collettini C., Sibson R.H. Normal faults normal friction?. Geology 2001, 29:927-930.
    • (2001) Geology , vol.29 , pp. 927-930
    • Collettini, C.1    Sibson, R.H.2
  • 27
    • 33847259293 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A slip tendency analysis to test mechanical and structural control on aftershock rupture planes
    • Collettini C., Trippetta F. A slip tendency analysis to test mechanical and structural control on aftershock rupture planes. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2007, 255:402-413.
    • (2007) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.255 , pp. 402-413
    • Collettini, C.1    Trippetta, F.2
  • 28
    • 33744829538 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Switches in the minimum compressive stress direction induced by overpressure beneath a low-permeability fault zone
    • Collettini C., De Paola N., Goulty N.R. Switches in the minimum compressive stress direction induced by overpressure beneath a low-permeability fault zone. Terra Nova 2006, 18:224-231.
    • (2006) Terra Nova , vol.18 , pp. 224-231
    • Collettini, C.1    De Paola, N.2    Goulty, N.R.3
  • 29
    • 69649099704 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The development of interconnected talc networks and weakening of continental low-angle normal faults
    • Collettini C., Viti C., Smith S.F.A., Holdsworth R.E. The development of interconnected talc networks and weakening of continental low-angle normal faults. Geology 2009, 37:567-570.
    • (2009) Geology , vol.37 , pp. 567-570
    • Collettini, C.1    Viti, C.2    Smith, S.F.A.3    Holdsworth, R.E.4
  • 31
    • 0019095141 scopus 로고
    • Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes - an overview
    • M.D. Crittenden (Ed.) Cordilleran Metamorphic Core Complexes
    • Coney P.G. Cordilleran metamorphic core complexes - an overview. Geological Society of America Memoir 1980, 153:7-31. M.D. Crittenden (Ed.).
    • (1980) Geological Society of America Memoir , vol.153 , pp. 7-31
    • Coney, P.G.1
  • 32
    • 0242407023 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Structural geology and kinematic history of rocks formed along low-angle normal faults, Death Valley, California
    • Cowan D.S., Cladouhos T.T., Morgan J. Structural geology and kinematic history of rocks formed along low-angle normal faults, Death Valley, California. Geological Society of America Bulletin 2003, 115:1230-1248.
    • (2003) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.115 , pp. 1230-1248
    • Cowan, D.S.1    Cladouhos, T.T.2    Morgan, J.3
  • 33
    • 80053263360 scopus 로고
    • Upward transport of mid-crustal mylonitic gneisses in the footwall of a Miocene detachment fault, Whipple Mountains, southeastern California
    • Davis G.A. Upward transport of mid-crustal mylonitic gneisses in the footwall of a Miocene detachment fault, Whipple Mountains, southeastern California. Geological Society of America Abstract 1986, 18:98.
    • (1986) Geological Society of America Abstract , vol.18 , pp. 98
    • Davis, G.A.1
  • 34
    • 0021044112 scopus 로고
    • Shear-zone model for the origin of metamorphic core complexes
    • Davis G.H. Shear-zone model for the origin of metamorphic core complexes. Geology 1986, 11:342-347. 10.1130/0091-7613(1983.
    • (1986) Geology , vol.11 , pp. 342-347
    • Davis, G.H.1
  • 35
    • 0000423362 scopus 로고
    • Rapid upward transfer of mid-crustal mylonitic gneisses in the footwall of a Miocene detachment fault, Whipple Mountains, southern California
    • Davis G.A. Rapid upward transfer of mid-crustal mylonitic gneisses in the footwall of a Miocene detachment fault, Whipple Mountains, southern California. Geologische Rundschau 1988, 77:191-209.
    • (1988) Geologische Rundschau , vol.77 , pp. 191-209
    • Davis, G.A.1
  • 36
    • 84879890025 scopus 로고
    • Structural evolution of the Whipple and South Mountains shear zones, southwestern United States
    • Davis G.A., Lister G.S., Reynolds S.J. Structural evolution of the Whipple and South Mountains shear zones, southwestern United States. Geology 1986, 14:7-10.
    • (1986) Geology , vol.14 , pp. 7-10
    • Davis, G.A.1    Lister, G.S.2    Reynolds, S.J.3
  • 37
    • 55949092337 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fault zone architecture and deformation processes within evaporitic rocks in the upper crust
    • (ISSN: 0278-7407)
    • De Paola N., Collettini C., Faulkner D.R., Trippetta F. Fault zone architecture and deformation processes within evaporitic rocks in the upper crust. Tectonics 2008, vol. 27. (ISSN: 0278-7407). 10.1029/2007TC002230.
    • (2008) Tectonics , vol.27
    • De Paola, N.1    Collettini, C.2    Faulkner, D.R.3    Trippetta, F.4
  • 39
    • 34249772601 scopus 로고
    • Direct observation of frictional contacts: new insights for state dependent properties
    • Dieterich J.H., Kilgore B. Direct observation of frictional contacts: new insights for state dependent properties. Pure and Applied Geophysics 1994, 143:283-302.
    • (1994) Pure and Applied Geophysics , vol.143 , pp. 283-302
    • Dieterich, J.H.1    Kilgore, B.2
  • 40
    • 0002103539 scopus 로고
    • Geology of the Funeral Peak Quadrangle, California, on the eastern flank of Death Valley
    • Drewes H. Geology of the Funeral Peak Quadrangle, California, on the eastern flank of Death Valley. U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper 1963, 413:78.
    • (1963) U. S. Geological Survey Professional Paper , vol.413 , pp. 78
    • Drewes, H.1
  • 41
    • 0025244052 scopus 로고
    • Deformation related recrystallisation processes
    • Drury M.R., Urai L.J. Deformation related recrystallisation processes. Tectonophysics 1990, 172:235-253.
    • (1990) Tectonophysics , vol.172 , pp. 235-253
    • Drury, M.R.1    Urai, L.J.2
  • 42
    • 77955975026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Melange rheology and seismic style
    • Fagereng A., Sibson R.H. Melange rheology and seismic style. Geology 2010, 38:751-754.
    • (2010) Geology , vol.38 , pp. 751-754
    • Fagereng, A.1    Sibson, R.H.2
  • 43
    • 11944254564 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution of hydrothermal regime along a crustal shear zone, Tinos Island, Greece
    • Famin V., Philippot P., Jolivet L., Agard P. Evolution of hydrothermal regime along a crustal shear zone, Tinos Island, Greece. Tectonics 2004, 23:TC5004. 10.1029/2003TC001509.
    • (2004) Tectonics , vol.23
    • Famin, V.1    Philippot, P.2    Jolivet, L.3    Agard, P.4
  • 44
    • 0038507408 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the internal structure and mechanics of large strike-slip faults: field observations from the Carboneras fault, southeastern Spain
    • Faulkner D.R., Lewis A.C., Rutter E.H. On the internal structure and mechanics of large strike-slip faults: field observations from the Carboneras fault, southeastern Spain. Tectonophysics 2003, 367:235-251.
    • (2003) Tectonophysics , vol.367 , pp. 235-251
    • Faulkner, D.R.1    Lewis, A.C.2    Rutter, E.H.3
  • 45
    • 33845869024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slip on 'weak' faults by the rotation of regional stress in the fracture damage zone
    • Faulkner D.R., Mitchell T.M., Healy D., Heap M.J. Slip on 'weak' faults by the rotation of regional stress in the fracture damage zone. Nature 2006, 444:922-925.
    • (2006) Nature , vol.444 , pp. 922-925
    • Faulkner, D.R.1    Mitchell, T.M.2    Healy, D.3    Heap, M.J.4
  • 46
    • 0035859025 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence for fault weakness and fluid flow within an active low-angle normal fault
    • Floyd J., Mutter J., Goodliffe A.M., Taylor B. Evidence for fault weakness and fluid flow within an active low-angle normal fault. Nature 2001, 411:779-783.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 779-783
    • Floyd, J.1    Mutter, J.2    Goodliffe, A.M.3    Taylor, B.4
  • 47
    • 84879886839 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • An active bivergent rolling-hinge detachment system: central Menderes metamorphic core complex in western Turkey
    • Gessner K., Ring U., Johnson C., Hetzel R., Passchier C.W., Gungor T. An active bivergent rolling-hinge detachment system: central Menderes metamorphic core complex in western Turkey. Geology 2001, 29:611-614.
    • (2001) Geology , vol.29 , pp. 611-614
    • Gessner, K.1    Ring, U.2    Johnson, C.3    Hetzel, R.4    Passchier, C.W.5    Gungor, T.6
  • 48
    • 0033398338 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Controls on pseudotachylytes formation during tectonic exhumation in the South Mountains metamorphic core complex, Arizona
    • U. Ring, M.T. Brandon, G.S. Lister, S.D. Willet (Eds.) Exhumation processes: normal faulting, ductile flow and erosion
    • Goodwin L.B. Controls on pseudotachylytes formation during tectonic exhumation in the South Mountains metamorphic core complex, Arizona. Geological Society, London, Special Publications 1999, 154:325-342. U. Ring, M.T. Brandon, G.S. Lister, S.D. Willet (Eds.).
    • (1999) Geological Society, London, Special Publications , vol.154 , pp. 325-342
    • Goodwin, L.B.1
  • 50
    • 33748921071 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Shallow crustal rocks from the Black Mountains detachments, Death Valley, CA
    • Hayman N.W. Shallow crustal rocks from the Black Mountains detachments, Death Valley, CA. Journal of Structural Geology 2006, 28:1767-1784.
    • (2006) Journal of Structural Geology , vol.28 , pp. 1767-1784
    • Hayman, N.W.1
  • 51
    • 0037627386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Quaternary low-angle slip on detachment faults in Death Valley, California
    • Hayman N.W., Knott J.R., Cowan D.S., Nemser E., Sarna-Wojcicki A. Quaternary low-angle slip on detachment faults in Death Valley, California. Geology 2003, 31:343-346.
    • (2003) Geology , vol.31 , pp. 343-346
    • Hayman, N.W.1    Knott, J.R.2    Cowan, D.S.3    Nemser, E.4    Sarna-Wojcicki, A.5
  • 52
    • 67349234101 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Anisotropy, pore fluid pressure and low angle normal faults
    • Healy D. Anisotropy, pore fluid pressure and low angle normal faults. Journal of Structural Geology 2009, 31:561-574. 10.1016/j.jsg.2009.03.001.
    • (2009) Journal of Structural Geology , vol.31 , pp. 561-574
    • Healy, D.1
  • 53
    • 0026614487 scopus 로고
    • Dislocation creep regimes in quartz aggregates
    • Hirth G., Tullis J. Dislocation creep regimes in quartz aggregates. Journal of Structural Geology 1992, 14:145-159.
    • (1992) Journal of Structural Geology , vol.14 , pp. 145-159
    • Hirth, G.1    Tullis, J.2
  • 54
    • 0023500895 scopus 로고
    • Crustal extension along a rooted system of imbricate low-angle faults: Colorado River extensional corridor, California and Arizona
    • M.P. Coward, J.F. Dewey, P.L. Hancock (Eds.) Continental extensional tectonics
    • Howard K.A., John B.E. Crustal extension along a rooted system of imbricate low-angle faults: Colorado River extensional corridor, California and Arizona. Geological Society of London Special Publication 1987, 28:299-311. M.P. Coward, J.F. Dewey, P.L. Hancock (Eds.).
    • (1987) Geological Society of London Special Publication , vol.28 , pp. 299-311
    • Howard, K.A.1    John, B.E.2
  • 55
    • 69649099274 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Active aseismic creep on the Alto Tiberina low-angle normal fault, Italy
    • Hreinsdottir S., Bennett R.A. Active aseismic creep on the Alto Tiberina low-angle normal fault, Italy. Geology 2009, 37:683-686.
    • (2009) Geology , vol.37 , pp. 683-686
    • Hreinsdottir, S.1    Bennett, R.A.2
  • 56
  • 57
    • 67651102689 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frictional and hydrologic properties of clay-rich fault gouge
    • Ikari M.J., Saffer D.M., Marone C. Frictional and hydrologic properties of clay-rich fault gouge. Journal of Geophysical Research 2009, 114:B05409. 10.1029/2008JB006089.
    • (2009) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.114
    • Ikari, M.J.1    Saffer, D.M.2    Marone, C.3
  • 58
    • 78751495597 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • On the relation between fault strength and frictional stability
    • Ikari M.J., Saffer D.M., Marone C. On the relation between fault strength and frictional stability. Geology 2011, 39:83-86.
    • (2011) Geology , vol.39 , pp. 83-86
    • Ikari, M.J.1    Saffer, D.M.2    Marone, C.3
  • 59
    • 0034757356 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A reappraisal of the Sibson-Scholz fault zone model: the nature of the frictional to viscous ("brittle-ductile") transition along a long-lived, crustal scale fault, Outer Hebrides, Scotland
    • Imber J., Holdsworth R.E., Butler C.A. A reappraisal of the Sibson-Scholz fault zone model: the nature of the frictional to viscous ("brittle-ductile") transition along a long-lived, crustal scale fault, Outer Hebrides, Scotland. Tectonics 2001, 20:601-624.
    • (2001) Tectonics , vol.20 , pp. 601-624
    • Imber, J.1    Holdsworth, R.E.2    Butler, C.A.3
  • 60
    • 0141920432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ductile-brittle transition along the Alasehir detachment fault and its structural relationship with the Simav detachment fault, Menderes massif, western Turkey
    • Isik V., Seyitoglu G., Cemen I. Ductile-brittle transition along the Alasehir detachment fault and its structural relationship with the Simav detachment fault, Menderes massif, western Turkey. Tectonophysics 2003, 374:1-18.
    • (2003) Tectonophysics , vol.374 , pp. 1-18
    • Isik, V.1    Seyitoglu, G.2    Cemen, I.3
  • 61
    • 0024475928 scopus 로고
    • Normal faulting in the upper continental crust: observations from regions of active extension
    • Jackson J.A., White N.J. Normal faulting in the upper continental crust: observations from regions of active extension. Journal of Structural Geology 1989, 11:15-36.
    • (1989) Journal of Structural Geology , vol.11 , pp. 15-36
    • Jackson, J.A.1    White, N.J.2
  • 63
    • 0023487495 scopus 로고
    • Geometry and evolution of a mid-crustal extensional fault system: Chemehuevi Mountains, southeastern California
    • John B.E. Geometry and evolution of a mid-crustal extensional fault system: Chemehuevi Mountains, southeastern California. Geological Society of London Special Publication 1987, 28:313-335.
    • (1987) Geological Society of London Special Publication , vol.28 , pp. 313-335
    • John, B.E.1
  • 64
    • 84952939461 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Deformation and alteration associated with oceanic and continental detachment fault systems: are they similar?
    • Rona, Devey, Dyment, Murton (Eds.)
    • John B.E., Cheadle M.J. Deformation and alteration associated with oceanic and continental detachment fault systems: are they similar?. Diversity of Hydrothermal Systems on Slow-spreading Ocean Ridges, AGU Monograph 2010, 175-205. Rona, Devey, Dyment, Murton (Eds.).
    • (2010) Diversity of Hydrothermal Systems on Slow-spreading Ocean Ridges, AGU Monograph , pp. 175-205
    • John, B.E.1    Cheadle, M.J.2
  • 65
    • 84879888763 scopus 로고
    • Structural and thermal constraints on the initiation angle of detachment faulting in the southern Basin and Range: the Chemehuevi Mountains case study
    • John B.E., Foster D.A. Structural and thermal constraints on the initiation angle of detachment faulting in the southern Basin and Range: the Chemehuevi Mountains case study. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1993, 105:1091-1108. 10.1130/0016-7606(1993) 105.
    • (1993) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.105 , pp. 1091-1108
    • John, B.E.1    Foster, D.A.2
  • 66
    • 0035015939 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of strain pattern in the Aegean, geodynamic implications
    • Jolivet L. A comparison of strain pattern in the Aegean, geodynamic implications. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2010, 187:95-104.
    • (2010) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.187 , pp. 95-104
    • Jolivet, L.1
  • 68
    • 0029752419 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tectonometamorphic evolution of a dismembered ophiolite (Tinos, Cyclades, Greece)
    • Katzir Y., Matthews A., Garfunkel Z., Schliestedt M., Avigad D. The tectonometamorphic evolution of a dismembered ophiolite (Tinos, Cyclades, Greece). Geological Magazine 1996, 133:237-254.
    • (1996) Geological Magazine , vol.133 , pp. 237-254
    • Katzir, Y.1    Matthews, A.2    Garfunkel, Z.3    Schliestedt, M.4    Avigad, D.5
  • 69
    • 0345166916 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friction experiments on saturated sediments and their implications for the stress state of the Nankai and Barbados subduction thrusts
    • Kopf A., Brown K.M. Friction experiments on saturated sediments and their implications for the stress state of the Nankai and Barbados subduction thrusts. Marine Geology 2003, 202:193-210.
    • (2003) Marine Geology , vol.202 , pp. 193-210
    • Kopf, A.1    Brown, K.M.2
  • 70
    • 80053255297 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Détachements et failles à faible pendage: Cinématique et localisation de la déformation,approche de terrain et modélisation numérique
    • Lecomte E. Détachements et failles à faible pendage: Cinématique et localisation de la déformation,approche de terrain et modélisation numérique. Exemples des Cyclades. Docteur de l'Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI 2010, 301.
    • (2010) Exemples des Cyclades. Docteur de l'Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI , pp. 301
    • Lecomte, E.1
  • 71
    • 77957731603 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geometry and kinematics of Mykonos detachment, Cyclades, Greece: evidence for slip at shallow dip
    • Lecomte E., Jolivet L., Lacombe O., Denèle Y., Labrousse L., Le Pourhiet L. Geometry and kinematics of Mykonos detachment, Cyclades, Greece: evidence for slip at shallow dip. Tectonics 2010, 29:TC5012. 10.1029/2009TC002564.
    • (2010) Tectonics , vol.29
    • Lecomte, E.1    Jolivet, L.2    Lacombe, O.3    Denèle, Y.4    Labrousse, L.5    Le Pourhiet, L.6
  • 72
    • 3543103246 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Test of the frictional reactivation theory for faults and validity of fault-slip analysis
    • Lisle R.J., Srivastava D.C. Test of the frictional reactivation theory for faults and validity of fault-slip analysis. Geology 2004, 32:569-572.
    • (2004) Geology , vol.32 , pp. 569-572
    • Lisle, R.J.1    Srivastava, D.C.2
  • 73
    • 0024475929 scopus 로고
    • The origin of metamorphic core complexes and detachment faults formed during Tertiary continental extension in the northern Colorado River region, U.S.A
    • Lister G.S., Davis G.A. The origin of metamorphic core complexes and detachment faults formed during Tertiary continental extension in the northern Colorado River region, U.S.A. Journal of Structural Geology 1989, 11:65-94.
    • (1989) Journal of Structural Geology , vol.11 , pp. 65-94
    • Lister, G.S.1    Davis, G.A.2
  • 74
    • 0027449684 scopus 로고
    • Palaeomagnetic evidence for large-magnitude, low-angle normal faulting in a metamorphic core complex
    • Livaccari L.F., Geissman J.W., Reynolds S.-J.- Palaeomagnetic evidence for large-magnitude, low-angle normal faulting in a metamorphic core complex. Nature 1993, 361:56-59.
    • (1993) Nature , vol.361 , pp. 56-59
    • Livaccari, L.F.1    Geissman, J.W.2    Reynolds S.-J.-3
  • 76
    • 0033545026 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Friction of simulated fault gouge for a wide range of velocities and normal stresses
    • Mair K., Marone C. Friction of simulated fault gouge for a wide range of velocities and normal stresses. Journal of Geophysical Research 1999, 104:28,899-28,914.
    • (1999) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.104 , pp. 28899-28914
    • Mair, K.1    Marone, C.2
  • 77
    • 0033165643 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid-and reaction-assisted low-angle normal faulting: evidence from rift-related brittle fault rocks in the Alps (Err nappe, eastern Switzerland)
    • Manatschal G. Fluid-and reaction-assisted low-angle normal faulting: evidence from rift-related brittle fault rocks in the Alps (Err nappe, eastern Switzerland). Journal of Structural Geology 1999, 21:777-793.
    • (1999) Journal of Structural Geology , vol.21 , pp. 777-793
    • Manatschal, G.1
  • 78
    • 0030826971 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A continent-ocean transition recorded in the Err and Platta nappes (Eastern Switzerland)
    • Manatschal G., Nievergelt P. A continent-ocean transition recorded in the Err and Platta nappes (Eastern Switzerland). Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae 1997, 90:3-27.
    • (1997) Eclogae Geologicae Helvetiae , vol.90 , pp. 3-27
    • Manatschal, G.1    Nievergelt, P.2
  • 79
    • 84879885213 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Channelized fluid flow and mass transfer along a rift-related detachment fault (Eastern Alps, southeastern Switzerland)
    • Manatschal G., Marquer D., Früh-Green G.L. Channelized fluid flow and mass transfer along a rift-related detachment fault (Eastern Alps, southeastern Switzerland). Geological Society of America Bulletin 2000, 112(1):21-33.
    • (2000) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.112 , Issue.1 , pp. 21-33
    • Manatschal, G.1    Marquer, D.2    Früh-Green, G.L.3
  • 80
    • 0031696381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to seismic faulting
    • Marone C. Laboratory-derived friction laws and their application to seismic faulting. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 1998, 26:643-696.
    • (1998) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol.26 , pp. 643-696
    • Marone, C.1
  • 81
    • 0025198401 scopus 로고
    • Mechanical basis for low-angle normal faulting in the Basin and Range province
    • Melosh H.J. Mechanical basis for low-angle normal faulting in the Basin and Range province. Nature 1990, 343:331-335.
    • (1990) Nature , vol.343 , pp. 331-335
    • Melosh, H.J.1
  • 82
    • 0020665882 scopus 로고
    • Seismicity and mountain building
    • Academic Press, London, K.J. Hsu (Ed.)
    • Molnar P., Chen W.-P. Seismicity and mountain building. Mountain building processes 1982, 41-57. Academic Press, London. K.J. Hsu (Ed.).
    • (1982) Mountain building processes , pp. 41-57
    • Molnar, P.1    Chen, W.-P.2
  • 83
    • 39749131131 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Talc friction in the temperature range 25°-400°C: Relevance for fault-zone weakening
    • Moore D.E., Lockner D.A. Talc friction in the temperature range 25°-400°C: Relevance for fault-zone weakening. Tectonophysics 2008, 449:120-132. 10.1016/j.tecto.2007.11.039.
    • (2008) Tectonophysics , vol.449 , pp. 120-132
    • Moore, D.E.1    Lockner, D.A.2
  • 84
    • 34547957163 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Talc-bearing serpentinites and the creeping section of the San Andreas fault
    • Moore D.E., Rymer M. Talc-bearing serpentinites and the creeping section of the San Andreas fault. Nature 2007, 448:795-797. 10.1038/nature06064.
    • (2007) Nature , vol.448 , pp. 795-797
    • Moore, D.E.1    Rymer, M.2
  • 85
    • 80053264904 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Very low strength fault gouge of metasomatic origin in the two actively creeping strands at SAFOD, Parkfield, California, USA
    • Di Toro (Ed.)
    • Moore D.E., Lockner D.A., Hickman S., Rymer M.J. Very low strength fault gouge of metasomatic origin in the two actively creeping strands at SAFOD, Parkfield, California, USA. Physico-chemical processes in seismic faults: Padova 2010, 50-51. Di Toro (Ed.).
    • (2010) Physico-chemical processes in seismic faults: Padova , pp. 50-51
    • Moore, D.E.1    Lockner, D.A.2    Hickman, S.3    Rymer, M.J.4
  • 86
    • 0029774024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Slip-tendency analysis and fault reactivation
    • Morris A., Ferrill D.A., Henderson D.B. Slip-tendency analysis and fault reactivation. Geology 1996, 24:275-278.
    • (1996) Geology , vol.24 , pp. 275-278
    • Morris, A.1    Ferrill, D.A.2    Henderson, D.B.3
  • 87
    • 33750893158 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Velocity dependence of strength and healing behaviour in simulated phyllosilicate-bearing fault gouge
    • Niemeijer A.R., Spiers C.J. Velocity dependence of strength and healing behaviour in simulated phyllosilicate-bearing fault gouge. Tectonophysics 2006, 427:231-253.
    • (2006) Tectonophysics , vol.427 , pp. 231-253
    • Niemeijer, A.R.1    Spiers, C.J.2
  • 88
    • 34447108740 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Frictional properties of natural fault gouge from a low-angle normal fault, Panamint Valley, CA
    • Numelin T., Marone C., Kirby E. Frictional properties of natural fault gouge from a low-angle normal fault, Panamint Valley, CA. Tectonics 2007, TC2004. 10.1029/2005TC001916.
    • (2007) Tectonics
    • Numelin, T.1    Marone, C.2    Kirby, E.3
  • 90
    • 0000355463 scopus 로고
    • Cenozoic geology of the Yerington district, Nevada, and implications for the nature of Basin and Range faulting
    • Proffett J.M. Cenozoic geology of the Yerington district, Nevada, and implications for the nature of Basin and Range faulting. Geological Society of America Bulletin 1977, 88:247-266.
    • (1977) Geological Society of America Bulletin , vol.88 , pp. 247-266
    • Proffett, J.M.1
  • 91
    • 80053272980 scopus 로고
    • Geology of the South Mountains, Central Arizona. Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral technology
    • 195.95
    • Reynolds S.J. Geology of the South Mountains, Central Arizona. Arizona Bureau of Geology and Mineral technology. Geological Survey Bulletin 1985, 195.95.
    • (1985) Geological Survey Bulletin
    • Reynolds, S.J.1
  • 92
    • 0000932008 scopus 로고
    • Structural aspects of fluid-rock interactions in detachment zones
    • Reynolds S.J., Lister G.S. Structural aspects of fluid-rock interactions in detachment zones. Geology 1987, 15:362-366.
    • (1987) Geology , vol.15 , pp. 362-366
    • Reynolds, S.J.1    Lister, G.S.2
  • 93
    • 84879884722 scopus 로고
    • Early Miocene mylonitization and detachment faulting, South Mountains, central Arizona
    • Reynolds S.J., Shafiqullah M., Damon P.E., De Witt E. Early Miocene mylonitization and detachment faulting, South Mountains, central Arizona. Geology 1986, 14:283-286.
    • (1986) Geology , vol.14 , pp. 283-286
    • Reynolds, S.J.1    Shafiqullah, M.2    Damon, P.E.3    De Witt, E.4
  • 94
    • 0030186123 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Seismic slip on a low-angle normal fault in the Gulf of Corinth: evidence from high-resolution cluster analysis of microearthquakes
    • Rietbrock A., Tiberi C., Scherbaum F., Lyon-Caen H. Seismic slip on a low-angle normal fault in the Gulf of Corinth: evidence from high-resolution cluster analysis of microearthquakes. Geophysical Research Letters 1996, 23:1817-1820.
    • (1996) Geophysical Research Letters , vol.23 , pp. 1817-1820
    • Rietbrock, A.1    Tiberi, C.2    Scherbaum, F.3    Lyon-Caen, H.4
  • 96
    • 0032949173 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Menderes massif of western Turkey and the Cycladic massif in the Aegean-do they really correlate?
    • Ring U., Gessner K., Gungor T., Passchier C.W. The Menderes massif of western Turkey and the Cycladic massif in the Aegean-do they really correlate?. Journal of the Geological Society of London 1999, 156:3-6.
    • (1999) Journal of the Geological Society of London , vol.156 , pp. 3-6
    • Ring, U.1    Gessner, K.2    Gungor, T.3    Passchier, C.W.4
  • 98
    • 0141919544 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of smectite and illite frictional properties: application to the updip limit of the seismogenic zone along subduction megathrusts
    • Saffer D.M., Marone C. Comparison of smectite and illite frictional properties: application to the updip limit of the seismogenic zone along subduction megathrusts. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 2003, 215:219-235.
    • (2003) Earth and Planetary Science Letters , vol.215 , pp. 219-235
    • Saffer, D.M.1    Marone, C.2
  • 100
    • 0031913970 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Earthquakes and friction laws
    • Scholz C.H. Earthquakes and friction laws. Nature 1998, 391:37-42.
    • (1998) Nature , vol.391 , pp. 37-42
    • Scholz, C.H.1
  • 102
  • 103
    • 0000254770 scopus 로고
    • Role of fluid pressure in jointing
    • Secor D.T. Role of fluid pressure in jointing. American Journal of Science 1965, 263:633-646.
    • (1965) American Journal of Science , vol.263 , pp. 633-646
    • Secor, D.T.1
  • 106
    • 0013333831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Fluid involvement in normal faulting
    • Sibson R.H. Fluid involvement in normal faulting. Journal of Geodynamics 2000, 29:469-499.
    • (2000) Journal of Geodynamics , vol.29 , pp. 469-499
    • Sibson, R.H.1
  • 107
    • 76849090265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Laboratory measurements of the frictional strength of a natural low-angle normal fault
    • Smith S.A.F., Faulkner D.R. Laboratory measurements of the frictional strength of a natural low-angle normal fault. Journal of Geophysical Research 2010, 115:B02407. 10.1029/2008JB006274.
    • (2010) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.115
    • Smith, S.A.F.1    Faulkner, D.R.2
  • 109
    • 79251482769 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interactions between low-angle normal faults and plutonism in the upper crust: insights from the Island of Elba, Italy
    • (January/February)
    • Smith S.A.F., Holdsworth R.E., Collettini C. Interactions between low-angle normal faults and plutonism in the upper crust: insights from the Island of Elba, Italy. GSA Bulletin 2011, 123:329-346. (January/February). 10.1130/B30200.1.
    • (2011) GSA Bulletin , vol.123 , pp. 329-346
    • Smith, S.A.F.1    Holdsworth, R.E.2    Collettini, C.3
  • 111
    • 84879882005 scopus 로고
    • The role of tectonic denudation in the warping and uplift of low-angle normal faults
    • Spencer J.E. The role of tectonic denudation in the warping and uplift of low-angle normal faults. Geology 1984, 12:95-98. 10.1130/0091-7613(1984) 12.
    • (1984) Geology , vol.12 , pp. 95-98
    • Spencer, J.E.1
  • 112
    • 84879890068 scopus 로고
    • Fault orientations in extensional and conjugate strike-slip environments and their implications
    • Thatcher W., Hill D.P. Fault orientations in extensional and conjugate strike-slip environments and their implications. Geology 1991, 19:1116-1120.
    • (1991) Geology , vol.19 , pp. 1116-1120
    • Thatcher, W.1    Hill, D.P.2
  • 113
    • 84874955221 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How faulting keeps the crust strong
    • Townend J., Zoback M.D. How faulting keeps the crust strong. Geology 2000, 28:399-402.
    • (2000) Geology , vol.28 , pp. 399-402
    • Townend, J.1    Zoback, M.D.2
  • 114
    • 33947322360 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Kinematic evidence for downdip movement on the Mormon Peak detachment
    • Walker D.C., Anders M.H., Christie-Blick N. Kinematic evidence for downdip movement on the Mormon Peak detachment. Geology 2007, 35:259-262. 10.1130/G23396A.1.
    • (2007) Geology , vol.35 , pp. 259-262
    • Walker, D.C.1    Anders, M.H.2    Christie-Blick, N.3
  • 115
    • 0019677559 scopus 로고
    • Low angle normal faults in the Basin and Range Province: Nappe tectonics in an extending orogene
    • Wernicke B. Low angle normal faults in the Basin and Range Province: Nappe tectonics in an extending orogene. Nature 1981, 291:645-648.
    • (1981) Nature , vol.291 , pp. 645-648
    • Wernicke, B.1
  • 116
    • 0000060168 scopus 로고
    • Low-angle normal faults and seismicity: a review
    • Wernicke B. Low-angle normal faults and seismicity: a review. Journal of Geophysical Research 1995, 100:20159-20174.
    • (1995) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.100 , pp. 20159-20174
    • Wernicke, B.1
  • 117
    • 84879889489 scopus 로고
    • On the role of isostasy in the evolution of normal fault systems
    • Wernicke B., Axen G.J. On the role of isostasy in the evolution of normal fault systems. Geology 1988, 16:848-851. 10.1130/0091-7613(1988) 016.
    • (1988) Geology , vol.16 , pp. 848-851
    • Wernicke, B.1    Axen, G.J.2
  • 118
    • 0032699651 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The mechanical feasibility of low-angle normal faulting
    • Westaway R. The mechanical feasibility of low-angle normal faulting. Tectonophysics 1999, 308:407-443.
    • (1999) Tectonophysics , vol.308 , pp. 407-443
    • Westaway, R.1
  • 119
    • 0002949149 scopus 로고
    • Turtleback surfaces of Death Valley viewed as phenomena of extensional tectonics
    • Wright L.A., Otton J.K., Troxel B.W. Turtleback surfaces of Death Valley viewed as phenomena of extensional tectonics. Geology 1974, 2:53-54.
    • (1974) Geology , vol.2 , pp. 53-54
    • Wright, L.A.1    Otton, J.K.2    Troxel, B.W.3
  • 120
    • 61449168927 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mozambique earthquake sequence of 2006: high-angle normal faulting in southern Africa
    • Yang Z.H., Chen W.P. Mozambique earthquake sequence of 2006: high-angle normal faulting in southern Africa. Journal of Geophysical Research 2008, 113:B12303. 10.1029/2007JB005419.
    • (2008) Journal of Geophysical Research , vol.113
    • Yang, Z.H.1    Chen, W.P.2
  • 121
    • 0000370374 scopus 로고
    • Origin of regional rooted low-angle normal faults: a mechanical model and its tectonic implications
    • Yin A. Origin of regional rooted low-angle normal faults: a mechanical model and its tectonic implications. Tectonics 1989, 469-482.
    • (1989) Tectonics , pp. 469-482
    • Yin, A.1
  • 122
    • 0023466236 scopus 로고
    • New evidence on the state of stress of the San Andreas fault system
    • Zoback M.D., et al. New evidence on the state of stress of the San Andreas fault system. Science 1987, 238:1105-1111.
    • (1987) Science , vol.238 , pp. 1105-1111
    • Zoback, M.D.1
  • 123
    • 77954237125 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Scientific drilling into the San Andreas fault
    • (June 1)
    • Zoback M.D., Hickman S., Ellsworth W. Scientific drilling into the San Andreas fault. Eos 2010, 91(22). (June 1).
    • (2010) Eos , vol.91 , Issue.22
    • Zoback, M.D.1    Hickman, S.2    Ellsworth, W.3


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.