Rapid Isolation of Arabidopsis Chloroplasts and Their Use for In Vitro Protein Import Assays

Methods in Molecular Biology

Volumn 774, Issue , 2011, Pages 281-305

  Aronsson, Henrik ^a   Jarvis, R Paul ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GOTHENBURG   (Sweden)

^b UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Arabidopsis; Chloroplast; Chloroplast isolation; In vitro translation; Plastid; Preprotein; Protein import; Protein targeting

Indexed keywords

ARABIDOPSIS; PISUM SATIVUM; SPINACIA OLERACEA;

ARABIDOPSIS PROTEIN; CHLOROPLAST PROTEIN; PROTEIN PRECURSOR;

ARABIDOPSIS; ARTICLE; BIOASSAY; CHLOROPLAST; GENETICS; GROWTH, DEVELOPMENT AND AGING; METABOLISM; METHODOLOGY; MUTATION; POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL ELECTROPHORESIS; PROTEIN SYNTHESIS; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; STAINING; TIME;

ARABIDOPSIS; ARABIDOPSIS PROTEINS; BIOLOGICAL ASSAY; CHLOROPLAST PROTEINS; CHLOROPLASTS; ELECTROPHORESIS, POLYACRYLAMIDE GEL; MUTATION; PROTEIN BIOSYNTHESIS; PROTEIN PRECURSORS; PROTEIN TRANSPORT; STAINING AND LABELING; TIME FACTORS;

EID: 80052930070     PISSN: 10643745     EISSN: 19406029     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-234-2_17     Document Type: Chapter

References (49)

1. Blobel, G., and Sabatini, D. D. (1971) Ribosome-membrane interactions in eukaryotic cells. In, Biomembranes, Vol. 2 (Manson, L. A., ed.) Plenum, New York, USA, pp. 193–195.
2. Blobel, G., and Dobberstein, B. (1975) Transfer of proteins across membranes. I. Presence of proteolytically processed and unprocessed nascent immunoglobulin light chains on mem-brane-bound ribosomes of murine myeloma. J. Cell Biol. 67, 835–851.
3. Blobel, G., and Dobberstein, B. (1975) Transfer of proteins across membranes. II. Reconstitution of functional rough microsomes from heterologous components. J. Cell Biol. 67, 852–862.
4. Sandelius, A. S., and Aronsson, H. (2009) The Chloroplast-Interactions with the Environment. Plant Cell Monographs, Vol. 13. Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany.
5. Abdallah, F., Salamini, F., and Leister, D. (2000) A prediction of the size and evolutionary origin of the proteome of chloroplasts of Arabidopsis. Trends Plant Sci. 5, 141–142.
6. Miras, S., Salvi, D., Ferro, M., Grunwald, D., Garin, J., Joyard, J., and Rolland, N. (2002) Non-canonical transit peptide for import into the chloroplast. J. Biol. Chem. 277, 47770–47778.
7. Nada, A., and Soll, J. (2004) Inner envelope protein 32 is imported into chloroplasts by a novel pathway. J. Cell Sci. 117, 3975–3982.
8. Miras, S., Salvi, D., Piette, L., Seigneurin-Berny, D., Grunwald, D., Reinbothe, C., Joyard, J., Reinbothe, S., and Rolland, N. (2007) Toc159-and Toc75-independent import of a transit sequence-less precursor into the inner envelope of chloroplasts. J. Biol. Chem. 282, 29482–29492.
9. Villarejo, A., Buren, S., Larsson, S., Dejardin, A., Monne, M., Rudhe, C., Karlsson, J., Jansson, S., Lerouge, P., Rolland, N., von Heijne, G., Grebe, M., Bako, L., and Samuelsson, G. (2005) Evidence for a protein transported through the secretory pathway en route to the higher plant chloroplast. Nat. Cell Biol. 7, 1224–1231.
10. Nanjo, Y., Oka, H., Ikarashi, N., Kaneko, K., Kitajima, A., Mitsui, T., Munoz, F. J., Rodriguez-Lopez, M., Baroja-Fernandez, E., and Pozueta-Romero, J. (2006) Rice plastidial N-glycosylated nucleotide pyrophos-phatase/phosphodiesterase is transported from the ER-golgi to the chloroplast through the secretory pathway. Plant Cell 18, 2582–2592.
11. Aronsson, H., and Jarvis, P. (2009) The chloroplast protein import apparatus, its components, and their roles. In, The Chloroplast-Interactions with the Environment (Sandelius, A. S., and Aronsson, H., eds.) Springer-Verlag, Berlin, Germany, pp. 89–124.
12. Chua, N. H., and Schmidt, G. W. (1978) Posttranslational transport into intact chloroplasts of a precursor to the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 75, 6110–6114.
13. Highfield, P. E., and Ellis, R. J. (1978) Synthesis and transport of the small subunit of chloroplast ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase. Nature 271, 420–424.
14. Aronsson, H., and Jarvis, P. (2002) A simple method for isolating import-competent Arabidopsis chloroplasts. FEBS Lett. 529, 215–220.
15. Boij, P., Patel, R., Garcia, C., Jarvis, P., and Aronsson, H. (2009) In vivo studies on the roles of Tic55-related proteins in chloroplast protein import in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mol. Plant 2, 1397–1409.
16. Jarvis, P., Chen, L. J., Li, H., Peto, C. A., Fankhauser, C., and Chory, J. (1998) An Arabidopsis mutant defective in the plastid general protein import apparatus. Science 282, 100–103.
17. Somerville, C. R., Somerville, S. C., and Ogren, W. L. (1981) Isolation of photosynthetically active protoplasts and chloroplasts from Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant Sci. Lett. 21, 89–96.
18. Fitzpatrick, L. M., and Keegstra, K. (2001) A method for isolating a high yield of Arabidopsis chloroplasts capable of efficient import of precursor proteins. Plant J. 27, 59–65.
19. Dahlin, C., and Cline, K. (1991) Developmental regulation of the plastid protein import apparatus. Plant Cell 3, 1131–1140.
20. Kovacheva, S., Bedard, J., Patel, R., Dudley, P., Twell, D., Rios, G., Koncz, C., and Jarvis, P. (2005) In vivo studies on the roles of Tic110, Tic40 and Hsp93 during chloroplast protein import. Plant J. 41, 412–428.
21. Kovacheva, S., Bedard, J., Wardle, A., Patel, R., and Jarvis, P. (2007) Further in vivo studies on the role of the molecular chaperone, Hsp93, in plastid protein import. Plant J. 50, 364–379.
22. Kubis, S., Baldwin, A., Patel, R., Razzaq, A., Dupree, P., Lilley, K., Kurth, J., Leister, D., and Jarvis, P. (2003) The Arabidopsis ppi1 mutant is specifically defective in the expression, chloroplast import, and accumulation of photosynthetic proteins. Plant Cell 15, 1859–1871.
23. Kubis, S., Patel, R., Combe, J., Bedard, J., Kovacheva, S., Lilley, K., Biehl, A., Leister, D., Rios, G., Koncz, C., and Jarvis, P. (2004) Functional specialization amongst the Arabidopsis Toc159 family of chloroplast protein import receptors. Plant Cell 16, 2059–2077.
24. Sjögren, L. L., MacDonald, T. M., Sutinen, S., and Clarke, A. K. (2004) Inactivation of the clpC1 gene encoding a chloroplast Hsp100 molecular chaperone causes growth retardation, leaf chlorosis, lower photosynthetic activity, and a specific reduction in photosystem content. Plant Physiol 136, 4114–4126.
25. Aronsson, H., Boij, P., Patel, R., Wardle, A., Töpel, M., and Jarvis, P. (2007) Toc64/OEP64 is not essential for the efficient import of proteins into chloroplasts in Arabidopsis thaliana. Plant J. 52, 53–68.
26. Aronsson, H., Combe, J., Patel, R., Agne, B., Martin, M., Kessler, F., and Jarvis, P. (2010) Nucleotide binding and dimerization at the chloroplast pre-protein import receptor, atToc33, are not essential in vivo but do increase import efficiency. Plant J. 63, 297–311.
27. Kubis, S. E., Lilley, K. S., and Jarvis, P. (2008) Isolation and preparation of chloroplasts from Arabidopsis thaliana plants. Methods Mol. Biol. 425, 171–486.
28. Garcia, C., Khan, N. Z., Nannmark, U., and Aronsson, H. (2010) The chloroplast protein CPSAR1, dually localized in the stroma and the inner envelope membrane, is involved in thylakoid biogenesis. Plant J. 63, 73–85.
29. Park, S., and Rodermel, S. R. (2004) Mutations in ClpC2/Hsp100 suppress the requirement for FtsH in thylakoid membrane biogenesis. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 101, 12765–12770.
30. Sinvany-Villalobo, G., Davydov, O., Ben-Ari, G., Zaltsman, A., Raskind, A., and Adam, Z. (2004) Expression in multigene families. Analysis of chloroplast and mitochondrial proteases. Plant Physiol. 135, 1336–1345.
31. Koo, A. J., Fulda, M., Browse, J., and Ohlrogge, J. B. (2005) Identification of a plastid acyl-acyl carrier protein synthetase in Arabidopsis and its role in the activation and elongation of exogenous fatty acids. Plant J. 44, 620–632.
32. Flores-Perez, U., Sauret-Gueto, S., Gas, E., Jarvis, P., and Rodriguez-Concepcion, M. (2008) A mutant impaired in the production of plastome-encoded proteins uncovers a mechanism for the homeostasis of isoprenoid biosynthetic enzymes in Arabidopsis plastids. Plant Cell 20, 1303–1315.
33. Aronsson, H., Schottler, M. A., Kelly, A. A., Sundqvist, C., Dörmann, P., Karim, S., and Jarvis, P. (2008) Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol deficiency in Arabidopsis affects pigment composition in the prolamellar body and impairs thylakoid membrane energization and photo-protection in leaves. Plant Physiol. 148, 580–592.
34. Kozak, M. (2002) Pushing the limits of the scanning mechanism for initiation of translation. Gene 299, 1–34.
35. Robinson, S. P. (1985) Osmotic adjustment by intact isolated chloroplasts in response to osmotic stress and its effect on photosynthesis and chloroplast volume. Plant Physiol. 79, 996–1002.
36. Rathnam, C. K. M., and Edwards, G. E. (1976) Protoplasts as a tool for isolating functional chloroplasts from leaves. Plant Cell Physiol. 17, 177–186.
37. 2 fixation in bacterial photosynthesis studied by the carbon isotope fractionation technique. Arch. Microbiol. 112, 35–38.
38. Shaul, O. (2002) Magnesium transport and function in plants: the tip of the iceberg. Biometals 15, 309–323.
39. Neuhaus, H. E., and Wagner, R. (2000) Solute pores, ion channels, and metabolite transporters in the outer and inner envelope membranes of higher plant plastids. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 1465, 307–323.
40. Schulz, A., Knoetzel, J., Scheller, H. V., and Mant, A. (2004) Uptake of a fluorescent dye as a swift and simple indicator of organelle intact-ness: import-competent chloroplasts from soil-grown Arabidopsis. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 52, 701–704.
41. Cowan, J. A. (2002) Structural and catalytic chemistry of magnesium-dependent enzymes. Biometals 15, 225–235.
42. 2+ on the photochemistry at one type of reaction center in photosystem II of chloroplasts. Arch Biochem Biophys 190, 523–530.
43. Porra, R. J., Thompson, W. A., and Kriedemann, P. E. (1989) Determination of accurate extinction coefficients and simultaneous equations for assaying chlorophylls a and b extracted with four different solvents: verification of the concentration of chlorophyll standards by atomic absorption spectroscopy. Biochim. Biophys. Acta 975, 384–394.
44. Heimpel, S., Basset, G., Odoy, S., and Klingenberg, M. (2001) Expression of the mitochondrial ADP/ATP carrier in Escherichia coli. Renaturation, reconstitution, and the effect of mutations on 10 positive residues. J. Biol. Chem. 276, 11499–11506.
45. Chinopoulos, C., Vajda, S., Csanady, L., Mandi, M., Mathe, K., and Adam-Vizi, V. (2009) A novel kinetic assay of mitochondrial ATP-ADP exchange rate mediated by the ANT. Biophys. J. 96, 2490–2504.
46. Morgenthaler, J. J., Marsden, M. P., and Price, C. A. (1975) Factors affecting the separation of photosynthetically competent chloroplasts in gradients of silica sols. Arch. Biochem. Biophys. 168, 289–301.
47. Zemell, R., Burstein, Y., and Schechter, I. (1978) Initiator methionine residues at the NH2-termini of the two precursors of MOPC-41 immunoglobulin light chain. Studies with the initiator and internal tRNAMet species. Eur. J. Biochem. 89, 187–193.
48. Pain, D., and Blobel, G. (1987) Protein import into chloroplasts requires a chloroplast ATPase. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84, 3288–3292.
49. Theg, S. M., Bauerle, C., Olsen, L. J., Selman, B. R., and Keegstra, K. (1989) Internal ATP is the only energy requirement for the translocation of precursor proteins across chloroplastic membranes. J. Biol. Chem. 264, 6730–6736.