메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 5, Issue 9, 2011, Pages 623-640

Monitoring forest-tundra ecotones at multiple scales

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

ALPINE ENVIRONMENT; ECOTONE; ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING; FOREST; REMOTE SENSING; SPATIAL ANALYSIS; SUBARCTIC REGION; TEMPERATURE; TEMPORAL ANALYSIS; TREELINE; TUNDRA;

EID: 80052896643     PISSN: None     EISSN: 17498198     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1749-8198.2011.00447.x     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (20)

References (86)
  • 2
    • 77951775934 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Four millennia of woodland structure and dynamics at the Arctic treeline of eastern Canada
    • Auger, S. and Payette, S. (2010). Four millennia of woodland structure and dynamics at the Arctic treeline of eastern Canada. Ecology 91, pp. 1367-1379.
    • (2010) Ecology , vol.91 , pp. 1367-1379
    • Auger, S.1    Payette, S.2
  • 3
    • 0030438024 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why do we need permanent plots in the study of long-term vegetation dynamics?
    • Bakker, J. P., Olff, H., Willems, J. H. and Zobel, M. (1996). Why do we need permanent plots in the study of long-term vegetation dynamics? Journal of Vegetation Science 7, pp. 147-155.
    • (1996) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.7 , pp. 147-155
    • Bakker, J.P.1    Olff, H.2    Willems, J.H.3    Zobel, M.4
  • 4
    • 0343138603 scopus 로고
    • Historical evidence and climatic implications of a shift in the boreal forest tundra transition in central Canada
    • Ball, T. F. (1986). Historical evidence and climatic implications of a shift in the boreal forest tundra transition in central Canada. Climatic Change 8, pp. 121-134.
    • (1986) Climatic Change , vol.8 , pp. 121-134
    • Ball, T.F.1
  • 5
    • 0041768074 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climatic change in mountain regions: a review of possible impacts
    • Beniston, M. (2003). Climatic change in mountain regions: a review of possible impacts. Climatic Change 59, pp. 5-31.
    • (2003) Climatic Change , vol.59 , pp. 5-31
    • Beniston, M.1
  • 7
    • 0036692118 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The tundra-taiga interface and its dynamics: concepts and applications
    • Callaghan, T. V., Werkman, B. R. and Crawford, R. M. M. (2002). The tundra-taiga interface and its dynamics: concepts and applications. Ambio Sp. Iss. 12, pp. 6-14.
    • (2002) Ambio , Issue.12 , pp. 6-14
    • Callaghan, T.V.1    Werkman, B.R.2    Crawford, R.M.M.3
  • 8
    • 0034425431 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Arctic and boreal ecosystems of western North America as components of the climate system
    • Chapin, F. S., et al. (2000). Arctic and boreal ecosystems of western North America as components of the climate system. Global Change Biology 6, pp. 211-223.
    • (2000) Global Change Biology , vol.6 , pp. 211-223
    • Chapin, F.S.1
  • 9
    • 0036816476 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The forests of presettlement New England, USA: spatial and compositional patterns based on town proprietor surveys
    • Cogbill, C. V., Burk, J. and Motzkin, G. (2002). The forests of presettlement New England, USA: spatial and compositional patterns based on town proprietor surveys. Journal of Biogeography 29, pp. 1279-1304.
    • (2002) Journal of Biogeography , vol.29 , pp. 1279-1304
    • Cogbill, C.V.1    Burk, J.2    Motzkin, G.3
  • 11
    • 38349106204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence of recent treeline dynamics in southwest Yukon from aerial photographs
    • Danby, R. K. and Hik, D. S. (2007a). Evidence of recent treeline dynamics in southwest Yukon from aerial photographs. Arctic 60, pp. 411-420.
    • (2007) Arctic , vol.60 , pp. 411-420
    • Danby, R.K.1    Hik, D.S.2
  • 12
    • 33846907541 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Responses of white spruce (Picea glauca) to experimental warming at a subarctic alpine treeline
    • Danby, R. K. and Hik, D. S. (2007b). Responses of white spruce (Picea glauca) to experimental warming at a subarctic alpine treeline. Global Change Biology 13, pp. 437-451.
    • (2007) Global Change Biology , vol.13 , pp. 437-451
    • Danby, R.K.1    Hik, D.S.2
  • 13
    • 33846919856 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variability, contingency and rapid change in recent subarctic alpine tree line dynamics
    • Danby, R. K. and Hik, D. S. (2007c). Variability, contingency and rapid change in recent subarctic alpine tree line dynamics. Journal of Ecology 95, pp. 352-363.
    • (2007) Journal of Ecology , vol.95 , pp. 352-363
    • Danby, R.K.1    Hik, D.S.2
  • 15
    • 44849126129 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Expanding forests and changing growth forms of Siberian larch at the Polar Urals treeline during the 20th century
    • Devi, N., et al. (2008). Expanding forests and changing growth forms of Siberian larch at the Polar Urals treeline during the 20th century. Global Change Biology 14, pp. 1581-1591.
    • (2008) Global Change Biology , vol.14 , pp. 1581-1591
    • Devi, N.1
  • 16
    • 39849105424 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Changes in the alpine forest-tundra ecotone commensurate with recent warming in southcentral Alaska: evidence from orthophotos and field plots
    • Dial, R. J., et al. (2007). Changes in the alpine forest-tundra ecotone commensurate with recent warming in southcentral Alaska: evidence from orthophotos and field plots. Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences 112, p. G04015.
    • (2007) Journal of Geophysical Research-Biogeosciences , vol.112
    • Dial, R.J.1
  • 17
    • 0036041392 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Aerial photography for assessing vegetation change: a review of applications and the relevance of findings for Australian vegetation history
    • Fensham, R. J. and Fairfax, R. J. (2002). Aerial photography for assessing vegetation change: a review of applications and the relevance of findings for Australian vegetation history. Australian Journal of Botany 50, pp. 415-429.
    • (2002) Australian Journal of Botany , vol.50 , pp. 415-429
    • Fensham, R.J.1    Fairfax, R.J.2
  • 18
    • 70349448386 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Pre-EuroAmerican settlement forests in Redwood National Park, California, USA: a reconstruction using line summaries in historic land surveys
    • Fritschle, J. A. (2009). Pre-EuroAmerican settlement forests in Redwood National Park, California, USA: a reconstruction using line summaries in historic land surveys. Landscape Ecology 24, pp. 833-847.
    • (2009) Landscape Ecology , vol.24 , pp. 833-847
    • Fritschle, J.A.1
  • 19
    • 0027881017 scopus 로고
    • Holocene vegetation history at the boreal-forest - shrub-tundra transition in north-western Quebec
    • Gajewski, K., Payette, S. and Ritchie, J. C. (1993). Holocene vegetation history at the boreal-forest - shrub-tundra transition in north-western Quebec. Journal of Ecology 81, pp. 433-443.
    • (1993) Journal of Ecology , vol.81 , pp. 433-443
    • Gajewski, K.1    Payette, S.2    Ritchie, J.C.3
  • 20
    • 61849153080 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multitemporal remote sensing of landscape dynamics and pattern change: describing natural and anthropogenic trends
    • Gillanders, S. N., et al. (2008). Multitemporal remote sensing of landscape dynamics and pattern change: describing natural and anthropogenic trends. Progress in Physical Geography 32, pp. 503-528.
    • (2008) Progress in Physical Geography , vol.32 , pp. 503-528
    • Gillanders, S.N.1
  • 21
    • 0027878892 scopus 로고
    • Ecotone hierarchies
    • Gosz, J. R. (1993). Ecotone hierarchies. Ecological Applications 3, pp. 369-376.
    • (1993) Ecological Applications , vol.3 , pp. 369-376
    • Gosz, J.R.1
  • 22
    • 77956624133 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change impacts in alpine environments
    • Grabherr, G., Gottfried, M. and Pauli, H. (2010). Climate change impacts in alpine environments. Geography Compass 4, pp. 1133-1153.
    • (2010) Geography Compass , vol.4 , pp. 1133-1153
    • Grabherr, G.1    Gottfried, M.2    Pauli, H.3
  • 23
    • 0036802049 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impacts of climate change on the tree line
    • Grace, J., Berninger, F. and Nagy, L. (2002). Impacts of climate change on the tree line. Annals of Botany 90, pp. 537-544.
    • (2002) Annals of Botany , vol.90 , pp. 537-544
    • Grace, J.1    Berninger, F.2    Nagy, L.3
  • 24
    • 77953918920 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Establishing a missing link: warm summers and winter snow cover promote shrub expansion into alpine tundra in Scandinavia
    • Hallinger, M., Manthey, M. and Wilmking, M. (2010). Establishing a missing link: warm summers and winter snow cover promote shrub expansion into alpine tundra in Scandinavia. New Phytologist 186, pp. 890-899.
    • (2010) New Phytologist , vol.186 , pp. 890-899
    • Hallinger, M.1    Manthey, M.2    Wilmking, M.3
  • 25
    • 79952223343 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree spatial pattern within the forest-tundra ecotone: a comparison of sites across Canada
    • Harper, K. A., et al. (2011). Tree spatial pattern within the forest-tundra ecotone: a comparison of sites across Canada. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, pp. 479-489.
    • (2011) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.41 , pp. 479-489
    • Harper, K.A.1
  • 26
    • 70349104098 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Are treelines advancing? A global meta-analysis of treeline response to climate warming
    • Harsch, M. A., Hulme, P. E., McGlone, M. S. and Duncan, R. P. (2009). Are treelines advancing? A global meta-analysis of treeline response to climate warming. Ecology Letters 12, pp. 1040-1049.
    • (2009) Ecology Letters , vol.12 , pp. 1040-1049
    • Harsch, M.A.1    Hulme, P.E.2    McGlone, M.S.3    Duncan, R.P.4
  • 27
    • 33644998621 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The distributions of a wide range of taxonomic groups are expanding polewards
    • Hickling, R., et al. (2006). The distributions of a wide range of taxonomic groups are expanding polewards. Global Change Biology 12, pp. 450-455.
    • (2006) Global Change Biology , vol.12 , pp. 450-455
    • Hickling, R.1
  • 28
    • 0034961968 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mediaeval climatic warming recorded by radiocarbon dated alpine tree-line shift on the Kola Peninsula, Russia
    • Hiller, A., Boettger, T. and Kremenetski, C. (2001). Mediaeval climatic warming recorded by radiocarbon dated alpine tree-line shift on the Kola Peninsula, Russia. Holocene 11, pp. 491-497.
    • (2001) Holocene , vol.11 , pp. 491-497
    • Hiller, A.1    Boettger, T.2    Kremenetski, C.3
  • 29
    • 27644473069 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evidence and implications of recent climate change in northern Alaska and other Arctic regions
    • Hinzman, L. D., et al. (2005). Evidence and implications of recent climate change in northern Alaska and other Arctic regions. Climatic Change, 72, pp. 251-298.
    • (2005) Climatic Change , vol.72 , pp. 251-298
    • Hinzman, L.D.1
  • 30
    • 79952209780 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree recruitment, growth, and distribution at the circumpolar forest-tundra transition: introduction
    • Hofgaard, A. and Harper, K. A. (2011). Tree recruitment, growth, and distribution at the circumpolar forest-tundra transition: introduction. Canadian Journal of Forest Research 41, pp. 435-436.
    • (2011) Canadian Journal of Forest Research , vol.41 , pp. 435-436
    • Hofgaard, A.1    Harper, K.A.2
  • 32
    • 28244462508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sensitivity and response of northern hemisphere altitudinal and polar treelines to environmental change at landscape and local scales
    • Holtmeier, F. K. and Broll, G. (2005). Sensitivity and response of northern hemisphere altitudinal and polar treelines to environmental change at landscape and local scales. Global Ecology and Biogeography 14, pp. 395-410.
    • (2005) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.14 , pp. 395-410
    • Holtmeier, F.K.1    Broll, G.2
  • 34
    • 0342323817 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global controls of forest line elevation in the northern and southern hemispheres
    • Jobbágy, E. G. and Jackson, R. B. (2000). Global controls of forest line elevation in the northern and southern hemispheres. Global Ecology and Biogeography 9, pp. 253-268.
    • (2000) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.9 , pp. 253-268
    • Jobbágy, E.G.1    Jackson, R.B.2
  • 35
    • 0346758171 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 2. Modeling, paleodata-model comparisons, and future projections
    • Kaplan, J. O., et al. (2003). Climate change and Arctic ecosystems: 2. Modeling, paleodata-model comparisons, and future projections. Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres 108, pp. D19-D8171.
    • (2003) Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres , vol.108
    • Kaplan, J.O.1
  • 37
    • 2642619383 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation
    • Körner, C. (1998). A re-assessment of high elevation treeline positions and their explanation. Oecologia 115, pp. 445-459.
    • (1998) Oecologia , vol.115 , pp. 445-459
    • Körner, C.1
  • 38
    • 2142840993 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A world-wide study of high altitude treeline temperatures
    • Körner, C. and Paulsen, J. (2004). A world-wide study of high altitude treeline temperatures. Journal of Biogeography 31, pp. 713-732.
    • (2004) Journal of Biogeography , vol.31 , pp. 713-732
    • Körner, C.1    Paulsen, J.2
  • 39
    • 34249951563 scopus 로고
    • Tree-vigor monitoring by repeat photography in the forest alpine tundra ecotone
    • Kullman, L. (1987). Tree-vigor monitoring by repeat photography in the forest alpine tundra ecotone. Ambio 16, pp. 160-162.
    • (1987) Ambio , vol.16 , pp. 160-162
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 40
    • 0031847951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Tree-limits and montane forests in the Swedish Scandes: sensitive biomonitors of climate change and variability
    • Kullman, L. (1998). Tree-limits and montane forests in the Swedish Scandes: sensitive biomonitors of climate change and variability. Ambio 27, pp. 312-321.
    • (1998) Ambio , vol.27 , pp. 312-321
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 41
    • 33847043054 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Long-term geobotanical observations of climate change impacts in the Scandes of west-central Sweden
    • Kullman, L. (2006). Long-term geobotanical observations of climate change impacts in the Scandes of west-central Sweden. Nordic Journal of Botany 24, pp. 445-467.
    • (2006) Nordic Journal of Botany , vol.24 , pp. 445-467
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 42
    • 78149396728 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpine flora dynamics - a critical review of responses to climate change in the Swedish Scandes since the early 1950s
    • Kullman, L. (2010). Alpine flora dynamics - a critical review of responses to climate change in the Swedish Scandes since the early 1950s. Nordic Journal of Botany 28, pp. 398-408.
    • (2010) Nordic Journal of Botany , vol.28 , pp. 398-408
    • Kullman, L.1
  • 43
    • 64549134657 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Post-little ice age tree line rise and climate warming in the Swedish Scandes: a landscape ecological perspective
    • Kullman, L. and Öberg, L. (2009). Post-little ice age tree line rise and climate warming in the Swedish Scandes: a landscape ecological perspective. Journal of Ecology 97, pp. 415-429.
    • (2009) Journal of Ecology , vol.97 , pp. 415-429
    • Kullman, L.1    Öberg, L.2
  • 44
    • 0030425258 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The suitability of montane ecotones as indicators of global climatic change
    • Kupfer, J. A. and Cairns, D. M. (1996). The suitability of montane ecotones as indicators of global climatic change. Progress in Physical Geography 20, pp. 253-272.
    • (1996) Progress in Physical Geography , vol.20 , pp. 253-272
    • Kupfer, J.A.1    Cairns, D.M.2
  • 45
    • 0037343154 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biophysical remote sensing of Arctic environments
    • Laidler, G. J. and Treitz, P. (2003). Biophysical remote sensing of Arctic environments. Progress in Physical Geography 27, pp. 44-68.
    • (2003) Progress in Physical Geography , vol.27 , pp. 44-68
    • Laidler, G.J.1    Treitz, P.2
  • 46
    • 4344573262 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modern and Holocene stomate records of tree-line variations in northwestern Quebec
    • Leitner, R. and Gajewski, K. (2004). Modern and Holocene stomate records of tree-line variations in northwestern Quebec. Canadian Journal of Botany 82, pp. 726-734.
    • (2004) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.82 , pp. 726-734
    • Leitner, R.1    Gajewski, K.2
  • 47
    • 0028995495 scopus 로고
    • Recent advance of the Arctic treeline along the eastern coast of Hudson Bay
    • Lescop-Sinclair, K. and Payette, S. (1995). Recent advance of the Arctic treeline along the eastern coast of Hudson Bay. Journal of Ecology 83, pp. 929-936.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 929-936
    • Lescop-Sinclair, K.1    Payette, S.2
  • 48
    • 0036130219 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial and temporal variability in the growth and climate response of treeline trees in Alaska
    • Lloyd, A. H. and Fastie, C. L. (2002). Spatial and temporal variability in the growth and climate response of treeline trees in Alaska. Climatic Change 52, pp. 481-509.
    • (2002) Climatic Change , vol.52 , pp. 481-509
    • Lloyd, A.H.1    Fastie, C.L.2
  • 49
    • 0042623439 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent changes in treeline forest distribution and structure in interior Alaska
    • Lloyd, A. H. and Fastie, C. L. (2003). Recent changes in treeline forest distribution and structure in interior Alaska. Ecoscience 10, pp. 176-185.
    • (2003) Ecoscience , vol.10 , pp. 176-185
    • Lloyd, A.H.1    Fastie, C.L.2
  • 50
    • 11144296963 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The alpine treeline under changing land use and changing climate: approach and preliminary results from continental Norway
    • Löffler, J., et al. (2004). The alpine treeline under changing land use and changing climate: approach and preliminary results from continental Norway. Norwegian Journal of Geography pp. 58, pp. 183-193.
    • (2004) Norwegian Journal of Geography , vol.58 , pp. 183-193
    • Löffler, J.1
  • 52
    • 0033959298 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Radiocarbon dated Pinus sylvestris L. wood from beyond tree-line on the Kola Peninsula, Russia
    • MacDonald, G. M., et al. (2000a). Radiocarbon dated Pinus sylvestris L. wood from beyond tree-line on the Kola Peninsula, Russia. Holocene 10, pp. 143-147.
    • (2000) Holocene , vol.10 , pp. 143-147
    • MacDonald, G.M.1
  • 53
    • 0034039149 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene treeline history and climate change across northern Eurasia
    • MacDonald, G. M., et al. (2000b). Holocene treeline history and climate change across northern Eurasia. Quaternary Research 53, pp. 302-311.
    • (2000) Quaternary Research , vol.53 , pp. 302-311
    • MacDonald, G.M.1
  • 54
    • 42149090381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Alpine treeline of western North America: linking organism-to-landscape dynamics
    • Malanson, G. P., et al. (2007). Alpine treeline of western North America: linking organism-to-landscape dynamics. Physical Geography 28, pp. 378-396.
    • (2007) Physical Geography , vol.28 , pp. 378-396
    • Malanson, G.P.1
  • 55
    • 79956000200 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mountain treelines: a roadmap for research orientation
    • Malanson, G. P., et al. (2011). Mountain treelines: a roadmap for research orientation. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research 43, pp. 167-177.
    • (2011) Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research , vol.43 , pp. 167-177
    • Malanson, G.P.1
  • 56
    • 0035212377 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Stability of boreal forest stands during recent climate change: evidence from Landsat satellite imagery
    • Masek, J. G. (2001). Stability of boreal forest stands during recent climate change: evidence from Landsat satellite imagery. Journal of Biogeography 28, pp. 967-976.
    • (2001) Journal of Biogeography , vol.28 , pp. 967-976
    • Masek, J.G.1
  • 57
    • 4243137381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Potential effects of climate change on treeline position in the Swedish mountains
    • Moen, J., Aune, K., Edenius, L. and Angerbjorn, A. (2004). Potential effects of climate change on treeline position in the Swedish mountains. Ecology and Society 9, pp. 16.
    • (2004) Ecology and Society , vol.9 , pp. 16
    • Moen, J.1    Aune, K.2    Edenius, L.3    Angerbjorn, A.4
  • 58
    • 17844401930 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation dynamics at the treeline ecotone in the Ural highlands, Russia
    • Nagy, L., Grabherr, G., Korner, C. and Thompson, D. B. A. (eds). New York: Springer Verlag
    • Moiseev, P. A. and Shiyatov, S. G. (2003). Vegetation dynamics at the treeline ecotone in the Ural highlands, Russia. In: Nagy, L., Grabherr, G., Korner, C. and Thompson, D. B. A. (eds) Alpine biodiversity in Europe. New York: Springer Verlag, pp. 423-435.
    • (2003) Alpine biodiversity in Europe , pp. 423-435
    • Moiseev, P.A.1    Shiyatov, S.G.2
  • 59
    • 75149161672 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Treeline vegetation composition and change in Canada's western subarctic from AVHRR and canopy reflectance modeling
    • Olthof, I. and Pouliot, D. (2010). Treeline vegetation composition and change in Canada's western subarctic from AVHRR and canopy reflectance modeling. Remote Sensing of Environment 114, pp. 805-815.
    • (2010) Remote Sensing of Environment , vol.114 , pp. 805-815
    • Olthof, I.1    Pouliot, D.2
  • 60
    • 0036691761 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The circumboreal tundra-taiga interface: late Pleistocene and Holocene changes
    • Payette, S., Eronen, M. and Jasinski, J. J. P. (2002). The circumboreal tundra-taiga interface: late Pleistocene and Holocene changes. Ambio Sp. Iss. 12, pp. 15-22.
    • (2002) Ambio , Issue.12 , pp. 15-22
    • Payette, S.1    Eronen, M.2    Jasinski, J.J.P.3
  • 62
    • 0033671479 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of pollen and conifer stomates as indicators of alpine treeline in northwestern Canadian lake sediments
    • Pisaric, M. F. J., Szeicz, J. M., Karst, T. and Smol, J. P. (2000). Comparison of pollen and conifer stomates as indicators of alpine treeline in northwestern Canadian lake sediments. Canadian Journal of Botany 78, pp. 1180-1186.
    • (2000) Canadian Journal of Botany , vol.78 , pp. 1180-1186
    • Pisaric, M.F.J.1    Szeicz, J.M.2    Karst, T.3    Smol, J.P.4
  • 63
    • 70249126500 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Ecological dynamics across the Arctic associated with recent climate change
    • Post, E., et al. (2009). Ecological dynamics across the Arctic associated with recent climate change. Science 325, pp. 1355-1358.
    • (2009) Science , vol.325 , pp. 1355-1358
    • Post, E.1
  • 64
    • 80052913002 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene treeline fluctuations
    • Gornitz, W. (ed.). Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer-Verlag
    • Reasoner, M. A. and Tinner, W. (2009). Holocene treeline fluctuations. In: Gornitz, W. (ed.) Encyclopedia of paleoclimatology and ancient environments. Dordrecht, The Netherlands: Springer-Verlag, pp. 442-445.
    • (2009) Encyclopedia of paleoclimatology and ancient environments , pp. 442-445
    • Reasoner, M.A.1    Tinner, W.2
  • 65
    • 0036692120 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How can the dynamics of the tundra-taiga boundary be remotely monitored?
    • Rees, G., et al. (2002). How can the dynamics of the tundra-taiga boundary be remotely monitored? Ambio Sp. Iss. 12, pp. 56-62.
    • (2002) Ambio , Issue.12 , pp. 56-62
    • Rees, G.1
  • 66
    • 33645673951 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Geomorphic controls of spatial patterns and process at alpine treeline
    • Resler, L. M. (2006). Geomorphic controls of spatial patterns and process at alpine treeline. The Professional Geographer 58, pp. 124-138.
    • (2006) The Professional Geographer , vol.58 , pp. 124-138
    • Resler, L.M.1
  • 67
    • 0029108444 scopus 로고
    • The status of the science examining ecotones
    • Risser, P. G. (1995). The status of the science examining ecotones. BioScience 45, pp. 318-325.
    • (1995) BioScience , vol.45 , pp. 318-325
    • Risser, P.G.1
  • 68
    • 48349144379 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dynamics and driving forces of treeline fluctuation and regeneration in central Norway during the past decades
    • Roessler, O., Braeuning, A. and Loeffler, J. (2008). Dynamics and driving forces of treeline fluctuation and regeneration in central Norway during the past decades. Erdkunde 62, pp. 117-128.
    • (2008) Erdkunde , vol.62 , pp. 117-128
    • Roessler, O.1    Braeuning, A.2    Loeffler, J.3
  • 70
    • 34249942807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Development of a spatial analysis method using ground-based repeat photography to detect changes in the alpine treeline ecotone, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA
    • Roush, W., Munroe, J. S. and Fagre, D. B. (2007). Development of a spatial analysis method using ground-based repeat photography to detect changes in the alpine treeline ecotone, Glacier National Park, Montana, USA. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research 39, pp. 297-308.
    • (2007) Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research , vol.39 , pp. 297-308
    • Roush, W.1    Munroe, J.S.2    Fagre, D.B.3
  • 71
    • 0013688035 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleoecological perspectives on ecological scale
    • Peterson, D. L. and Parker, V. T. (eds). New York: Columbia University Press
    • Schoonmaker, P. (1998). Paleoecological perspectives on ecological scale. In: Peterson, D. L. and Parker, V. T. (eds) Ecological scale: theory and applications. New York: Columbia University Press, pp. 79-103.
    • (1998) Ecological scale: theory and applications , pp. 79-103
    • Schoonmaker, P.1
  • 72
    • 0023485599 scopus 로고
    • Establishment of white spruce populations and responses to climatic-change at the treeline, Churchill, Manitoba, Canada
    • Scott, P. A., Hansell, R. I. C. and Fayle, D. C. F. (1987). Establishment of white spruce populations and responses to climatic-change at the treeline, Churchill, Manitoba, Canada. Arctic and Alpine Research 19, pp. 45-51.
    • (1987) Arctic and Alpine Research , vol.19 , pp. 45-51
    • Scott, P.A.1    Hansell, R.I.C.2    Fayle, D.C.F.3
  • 73
    • 1842785857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Land cover change on the Seward Peninsula: the use of remote sensing to evaluate the potential influences of climate warming on historical vegetation dynamics
    • Silapaswan, C. S., Verbyla, D. L. and McGuire, A. D. (2001). Land cover change on the Seward Peninsula: the use of remote sensing to evaluate the potential influences of climate warming on historical vegetation dynamics. Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing 27, pp. 542-554.
    • (2001) Canadian Journal of Remote Sensing , vol.27 , pp. 542-554
    • Silapaswan, C.S.1    Verbyla, D.L.2    McGuire, A.D.3
  • 74
    • 85079813381 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Dendrochronology
    • Elias, S. A. (ed.). Oxford: Elsevier Scientific
    • Smith, D. J. and Lewis, D. (2007). Dendrochronology. In: Elias, S. A. (ed.) Encyclopedia of quaternary science. Oxford: Elsevier Scientific, pp. 459-465.
    • (2007) Encyclopedia of quaternary science , pp. 459-465
    • Smith, D.J.1    Lewis, D.2
  • 76
    • 79955534374 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Spatial variability of biotic and abiotic tree establishment constraints across a treeline ecotone in the Alaska Range
    • Stueve, K. M., Isaacs, R. E., Tyrrell, L. E. and Densmore, R. V. (2011). Spatial variability of biotic and abiotic tree establishment constraints across a treeline ecotone in the Alaska Range. Ecology 92, pp. 496-506.
    • (2011) Ecology , vol.92 , pp. 496-506
    • Stueve, K.M.1    Isaacs, R.E.2    Tyrrell, L.E.3    Densmore, R.V.4
  • 77
    • 0035978807 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate change - increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic
    • Sturm, M., Racine, C. and Tape, K. (2001). Climate change - increasing shrub abundance in the Arctic. Nature 411, pp. 546-547.
    • (2001) Nature , vol.411 , pp. 546-547
    • Sturm, M.1    Racine, C.2    Tape, K.3
  • 78
    • 0028982563 scopus 로고
    • Recent white spruce dynamics at the sub-arctic alpine treeline of north-western Canada
    • Szeicz, J. M. and Macdonald, G. M. (1995). Recent white spruce dynamics at the sub-arctic alpine treeline of north-western Canada. Journal of Ecology 83, pp. 873-885.
    • (1995) Journal of Ecology , vol.83 , pp. 873-885
    • Szeicz, J.M.1    Macdonald, G.M.2
  • 79
    • 33645510833 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The evidence for shrub expansion in northern Alaska and the pan-Arctic
    • Tape, K., Sturm, M. and Racine, C. (2006). The evidence for shrub expansion in northern Alaska and the pan-Arctic. Global Change Biology 12, pp. 686-702.
    • (2006) Global Change Biology , vol.12 , pp. 686-702
    • Tape, K.1    Sturm, M.2    Racine, C.3
  • 80
    • 12444311778 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Vegetation changes in the Nordic mountain birch forest: the influence of grazing and climate change
    • Tømmervik, H., et al. (2004). Vegetation changes in the Nordic mountain birch forest: the influence of grazing and climate change. Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research 36, pp. 323-332.
    • (2004) Arctic Antarctic and Alpine Research , vol.36 , pp. 323-332
    • Tømmervik, H.1
  • 82
    • 77955294325 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Competitive interaction between aspen and birch moderated by invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores and climate warming
    • Van Bogaert, R., Jonasson, C., De Dapper, M. and Callaghan, T. V. (2009). Competitive interaction between aspen and birch moderated by invertebrate and vertebrate herbivores and climate warming. Plant Ecology & Diversity 2, pp. 221-232.
    • (2009) Plant Ecology & Diversity , vol.2 , pp. 221-232
    • Van Bogaert, R.1    Jonasson, C.2    De Dapper, M.3    Callaghan, T.V.4
  • 83
    • 77958476892 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Recent vegetation changes at the high-latitude tree line ecotone are controlled by geomorphological disturbance, productivity and diversity
    • Virtanen, R., et al. (2010). Recent vegetation changes at the high-latitude tree line ecotone are controlled by geomorphological disturbance, productivity and diversity. Global Ecology and Biogeography 19, pp. 810-821.
    • (2010) Global Ecology and Biogeography , vol.19 , pp. 810-821
    • Virtanen, R.1
  • 84
    • 34249302814 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How reliable is the monitoring of permanent vegetation plots? A test with multiple observers
    • Vittoz, P. and Guisan, A. (2007). How reliable is the monitoring of permanent vegetation plots? A test with multiple observers. Journal of Vegetation Science 18, pp. 413-422.
    • (2007) Journal of Vegetation Science , vol.18 , pp. 413-422
    • Vittoz, P.1    Guisan, A.2
  • 85
    • 28144443989 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Presettlement land survey records of vegetation: geographic characteristics, quality and modes of analysis
    • Wang, Y. C. (2005). Presettlement land survey records of vegetation: geographic characteristics, quality and modes of analysis. Progress in Physical Geography 29, pp. 568-598.
    • (2005) Progress in Physical Geography , vol.29 , pp. 568-598
    • Wang, Y.C.1


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.