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note
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Terry G. McGee, "The Emergence of Desakota Regions in Asia: Expanding a Hypothesis," in The Extended Metropolis: Settlement Transition in Asia, eds. N. Ginsburg, B. Koppel and T.G. McGee (Honolulu: University of Hawaii Press, 1991), 3-26
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McGee, T.G.1
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3
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note
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Willow Village is a fictitious name.
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4
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80052719678
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note
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According to official estimates, each year approximately 2,000 km2 of farmland are expropriated, rendering 2 million farmers landless.
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5
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Huanxin Zhao, Landless Farmers Must Be Helped, China Daily, March 8, 2006, 3.
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PRC Urban Planning Act (1989) was annulled and replaced with the PRC Urban Rural lanning Act, effective January 1, 2008.
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Nanjing Statistics Bureau, Nanjing Administrative Divisions 2009, available from http://www.njtj.gov.cn/_siteId/4/pageId/63/columnId/530/articleId/73649/DisplayInfo.aspy. In 2000, Nanjing merged town and township governments and eliminated the township (xiang) administrative designation.
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0442290024
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note
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The Constitution of the People's Republic of China, adopted December 4, 1982, amended April 14, 1988, March 29, 1993, March 15, 1999 and March 16, 2004, article 111, English translation is available from http://english.peopledaily.com.cn/constitution/constitution.html.
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The Constitution of the People's Republic of China
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19
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80052777381
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note
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For instance, adopting the concept of state corporatism, Oi (1999) describes the county, township and village as a local corporatist state where county officials, at the helm of this quasi-corporate organization, have used resources available to them to assist local enterprises in acquiring technology, materials and loans.
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(1999)
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Jean Oi, Rural China Takes Off (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1999): 103-107.
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Tingwei Zhang, Uneven Development Among Shanghai's Three Urban Districts, in Restructuring the Chinese City: Changing Society, Economy, and Space, eds. Laurence Ma and Fulong Wu (London and New York: Routledge, 2005), 138-154.
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note
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Mao Zedong, "On the Ten Major Relationships, in The Writings of Mao Zedong, 1949-1979, eds. Michael Y.M. Kau and John K. Leung, Volume 2, January 1956-December 1957 (Armonk: M.E. Sharpe, 1992), 46.
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G. William Skinner, Vegetable Supply and Marketing in Chinese Cities, The China Quarterly 76 (1978): 733, emphasis in original.
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note
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For a detailed discussion of village governance structure, see Allen Choate, Local Governance in China, Part I: An Assessment of Villagers Committees. The Asia Foundation Working Paper Series, Working Paper no. 1 (New York: The Asia Foundation, 1997). In this paper, the term "villagers' committee" is used to refer to village governing organizations collectively, unless specified.
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For a discussion on the decisions surrounding decollectivization, see David Zweig, Context and Content in Policy Implementation: Household Contracts and Decollectivization, 1977-1983, in Policy Implementation in Post-Mao China, ed. David Lampton (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1987)
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Zweig, D.1
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Jonathan Unger, The Decollectivization of the Chinese Countryside: A Survey of Twenty-eight Villages, Pacific Affairs 58 (Winter 1985-86): 585-606.
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80052755866
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Critically examining the city administering county system, scholars have framed the increasing land control accorded to urban governments as the territorialization of state power whereby the scale of the urban is enlarged by administrative expansion even though the landscape remains predominantly rural.
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38
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Jiang Xu and Anthony Yeh, "Decoding Urban Land Governance: State Restructuring in Contemporary Chinese Cities," Urban Studies 45, no. 3 (2009): 559-581
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Nanjing Municipal Statistics Bureau, Nanjing Statistical Yearbook (Nanjing: Nanjing Statistics Bureau, 1982), 2
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Anthony Yeh and Fulong Wu, "The New Land Development Process and Urban Development in Chinese Cities," International Journal of Urban and Regional Research 20, no. 2 (1996): 330-353
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Qingshu Xie, A.R. Ghanbari Parsa and Barry Redding, "The Emergence of the Urban Land Market in China: Evolution, Structure, Constraints and Perspectives," Urban Studies 39, no. 8 (2002): 1375-1398
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46
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80052733489
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note
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During the period from 1983 to 2004, there were nine sets of regulations governing land acquisition. For a brief summary
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47
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80052753899
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Nanjingshi zhengdi fangwu chaiqian buchang zhidu qianxi" [Brief Analysis of Nanjing's Land Acquisition Housing Demolition Compensation Standards]
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note
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see Tao-jin Sun, Nanjingshi zhengdi fangwu chaiqian buchang zhidu qianxi" [Brief Analysis of Nanjing's Land Acquisition Housing Demolition Compensation Standards], Jiangsu Tudi, November 20, 2008
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Zhiyong Yu, Shidi nongmin changyuan shengji youle baozhang" [Landless Farmers' Long-term Livelihood Guaranteed], Zhongguo Guotu Zhiyuan Bao, edition 3, July 12, 2010.
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Hwan-woo Chung, "Economic Reform and Path Dependence in China: A Comparative Study of Reform and Development in Nanjing and Suzhou," Asian Perspective 27, no. 2 (2003): 205-239.
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Chung, H.-W.1
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80052777837
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note
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For a discussion of how suburbanization has been driven by the establishment of land markets and the lease-hold system
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55
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27944468811
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note
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Nanjing Municipal Statistics Bureau, Nanjing Statistical Yearbook (Nanjing: Nanjing Statistics Bureau, 2000), 4
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Nanjing Municipal Statistics Bureau, Nanjing Statistical Yearbook (Nanjing: Nanjing Statistics Bureau, 2003), 4.
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Nanjing Planning Bureau official, interview by author, Nanjing, 16 March 2007.
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see James Derleth and Daniel Koldyk, The Shequ Experiment: Grassroots Political Reform in Urban China, Journal of Contemporary China 14, no. 41 (2004): 747-777
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Linda Wong and Bernard Poon, "From Serving Neighbours to Recontrolling Urban Society," China Information 19, no. 3 (2005): 413-442
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note
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Traditionally, the contents of the first document issued by the central authority (Chinese Communist Party Central Committee and the State Council) every year are interpreted as being the most important issues for the country. Since 2004, rural development has been the topic of the first document.
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69
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80052744820
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note
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Nanjing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, Document 10.
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Daniel Kelliher, "The Chinese Debate Over Village Self-government," The China Journal 37 (1997): 65-86.
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Nanjing Municipal Civil Affairs Bureau, Document 118.
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Nanjing Planning Bureau official, interview by author, Nanjing, 16 March 2007.
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80052783642
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Civil Affairs Bureau official, interview by author, Nanjing, 21 June 2007.
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(2007)
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74
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80052763203
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Rivertown villagers' committee member, author interview, 14 March 2007. At the time of field research, Rivertown (pseudonym) was one of the 71 urban villages facing redevelopment. Unlike Willow Village, it was in the process of being dissolved.
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Lanchih Po, "Property Rights Reforms and Changing Grassroots Governance in China's Urban-Rural Peripheries: The Case of Changping District in Beijing," Urban Studies 48 (2011): 509-528.
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