-
1
-
-
70349804495
-
Youth violence, guns, and the illicit-drug industry
-
Blumstein A. Youth violence, guns, and the illicit-drug industry. J Crim Law Criminol 1995;86:10-36.
-
(1995)
J Crim Law Criminol
, vol.86
, pp. 10-36
-
-
Blumstein, A.1
-
2
-
-
80052420961
-
Economic deprivation and changes in homicide arrest rates for white and black youth, 1967-1998: a national level time-series analysis
-
Messner SF, Raffalovich LE, McMillan R. Economic deprivation and changes in homicide arrest rates for white and black youth, 1967-1998: a national level time-series analysis. Criminology 2001;16:21-44.
-
(2001)
Criminology
, vol.16
, pp. 21-44
-
-
Messner, S.F.1
Raffalovich, L.E.2
McMillan, R.3
-
3
-
-
25144474531
-
Locating the vanguard in rising and falling homicide rates across U.S. cities
-
Messner SF, Deane GD, Anselin L, Pearson-Nelson B. Locating the vanguard in rising and falling homicide rates across U.S. cities. Criminology 2005;43:661-96.
-
(2005)
Criminology
, vol.43
, pp. 661-696
-
-
Messner, S.F.1
Deane, G.D.2
Anselin, L.3
Pearson-Nelson, B.4
-
4
-
-
0034343635
-
Deindustrialization, female-headed families, and black and white juvenile homicide rates, 1970-1990
-
Ousey GC. Deindustrialization, female-headed families, and black and white juvenile homicide rates, 1970-1990. Sociol Inq 2000;70:391-410.
-
(2000)
Sociol Inq
, vol.70
, pp. 391-410
-
-
Ousey, G.C.1
-
5
-
-
33845974445
-
The influence of social and economic disadvantage on racial patterns in youth homicide over time
-
Strom KJ, MacDonald JM. The influence of social and economic disadvantage on racial patterns in youth homicide over time. Homicide Stud 2007;11:50-69.
-
(2007)
Homicide Stud
, vol.11
, pp. 50-69
-
-
Strom, K.J.1
MacDonald, J.M.2
-
6
-
-
43849113738
-
The dynamic relationship between homicide rates and social, economic, and political factors from 1970-2000
-
McCall PL, Parker KF, MacDonald JM. The dynamic relationship between homicide rates and social, economic, and political factors from 1970-2000. Soc Sci Res 2008;37:721-35.
-
(2008)
Soc Sci Res
, vol.37
, pp. 721-735
-
-
McCall, P.L.1
Parker, K.F.2
MacDonald, J.M.3
-
7
-
-
80052404693
-
-
An empirical assessment of the contemporary crime trends puzzle: a modest step toward a more comprehensive research agenda. Understanding Crime Trends: Workshop Report, Washington, DC: Committee on Law and Justice. 127-176.
-
Baumer EP. An empirical assessment of the contemporary crime trends puzzle: a modest step toward a more comprehensive research agenda. Understanding Crime Trends: Workshop Report, Washington, DC: Committee on Law and Justice. 2008; 127-176.
-
(2008)
-
-
Baumer, E.P.1
-
8
-
-
70450183905
-
The effectiveness of limiting alcohol outlet density as a means of reducing excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms
-
Campbell CA, Hahn RA, Elder R, etal. The effectiveness of limiting alcohol outlet density as a means of reducing excessive alcohol consumption and alcohol-related harms. Am J Prev Med 2009;37:556-69.
-
(2009)
Am J Prev Med
, vol.37
, pp. 556-569
-
-
Campbell, C.A.1
Hahn, R.A.2
Elder, R.3
-
12
-
-
80052424342
-
-
The Council of Europe. Drugs and alcohol: violence and insecurity. Available at: (accessed February 2011).
-
The Council of Europe. Drugs and alcohol: violence and insecurity. 2005. Available at: (accessed February 2011).
-
(2005)
-
-
-
13
-
-
0032067969
-
Immigrants and violence: the importance of neighborhood context
-
Alaniz ML, Cartmill RS, Parker RN. Immigrants and violence: the importance of neighborhood context. Hisp J Behav Sci 1998;20:155-74.
-
(1998)
Hisp J Behav Sci
, vol.20
, pp. 155-174
-
-
Alaniz, M.L.1
Cartmill, R.S.2
Parker, R.N.3
-
14
-
-
78049337788
-
Alcohol availability and violence among inner-city adolescents: a multi-level analysis of the role of alcohol outlet density
-
3-4
-
Resko SM, Walton MA, Bingham CR, etal. Alcohol availability and violence among inner-city adolescents: a multi-level analysis of the role of alcohol outlet density. Am J Community Psychol 2010;46:#3-4, 253-62.
-
(2010)
Am J Community Psychol
, vol.46
, pp. 253-262
-
-
Resko, S.M.1
Walton, M.A.2
Bingham, C.R.3
-
15
-
-
0033635217
-
Outlet density and criminal violence in Norway, 1960-1995
-
Norstrom T. Outlet density and criminal violence in Norway, 1960-1995. J Stud Alcohol 2000;61:907-11.
-
(2000)
J Stud Alcohol
, vol.61
, pp. 907-911
-
-
Norstrom, T.1
-
16
-
-
33745119013
-
Changes in outlet densities affect violence rates
-
Gruenewald PJ, Remer L. Changes in outlet densities affect violence rates. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2006;30:1184-93.
-
(2006)
Alcohol Clin Exp Res
, vol.30
, pp. 1184-1193
-
-
Gruenewald, P.J.1
Remer, L.2
-
17
-
-
44349121151
-
A longitudinal analysis of alcohol outlet density and assault
-
Livingston MA. A longitudinal analysis of alcohol outlet density and assault. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2008;32:1074-9.
-
(2008)
Alcohol Clin Exp Res
, vol.32
, pp. 1074-1079
-
-
Livingston, M.A.1
-
19
-
-
12944306178
-
-
Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Center for Juvenile Justice, U.S. Dept. of Justice
-
Egley A, O'Donnell CE. Highlights of the 2007 National Youth Gang Survey. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Center for Juvenile Justice, U.S. Dept. of Justice, 2009.
-
(2009)
Highlights of the 2007 National Youth Gang Survey
-
-
Egley, A.1
O'Donnell, C.E.2
-
20
-
-
12944306178
-
-
Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Center for Juvenile Justice, U.S. Dept. of Justice
-
Egley A, Ritz CE. Highlights of the 2004 National Youth Gang Survey. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Center for Juvenile Justice, U.S. Dept. of Justice, 2006.
-
(2006)
Highlights of the 2004 National Youth Gang Survey
-
-
Egley, A.1
Ritz, C.E.2
-
21
-
-
80052419238
-
-
NYGC Bulletin No. 9. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Center for Juvenile Justice, U.S. Dept. of Justice
-
Howell JC. The impact of gangs on communities. NYGC Bulletin No. 9. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Center for Juvenile Justice, U.S. Dept. of Justice, 2006.
-
(2006)
The impact of gangs on communities
-
-
Howell, J.C.1
-
22
-
-
0001547017
-
Membership in youth gangs and involvement in serious and violent offending
-
In: Loeber R, Farrington D, eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
-
Thornberry T. Membership in youth gangs and involvement in serious and violent offending. In: Loeber R, Farrington D, eds. Serious and violent offenders: risk factors and successful interventions. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1998:147-66.
-
(1998)
Serious and violent offenders: risk factors and successful interventions
, pp. 147-166
-
-
Thornberry, T.1
-
24
-
-
0009240206
-
Alcohol use and criminal behavior: an empirical, theoretical, and methodological overview
-
In: James J, Collins JJ, eds. New York: Guilford Press
-
Collins JJ Jr. Alcohol use and criminal behavior: an empirical, theoretical, and methodological overview. In: James J, Collins JJ, eds. Drinking and crime. New York: Guilford Press, 1981:288-316.
-
(1981)
Drinking and crime
, pp. 288-316
-
-
Collins Jr, J.J.1
-
25
-
-
80052426089
-
-
National Committee for Injury Prevention and Control. Firearm injuries, injury prevention: meeting the challenge. New York: Oxford University Press, Supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
-
National Committee for Injury Prevention and Control. Firearm injuries, injury prevention: meeting the challenge. New York: Oxford University Press, 1989. Supplement to the American Journal of Preventive Medicine 5(3).
-
(1989)
, vol.5
, Issue.3
-
-
-
26
-
-
80052421457
-
-
Office of Substance Abuse Prevention. Alcohol-related injuries: the hurt and the harm. Report prepared for the Secretary's National Conference on Alcohol Related Injuries, March, Washington, D.C.
-
Office of Substance Abuse Prevention. Alcohol-related injuries: the hurt and the harm. Report prepared for the Secretary's National Conference on Alcohol Related Injuries, March 1992, Washington, D.C.
-
(1992)
-
-
-
28
-
-
0035130629
-
Alcohol and homicide: a cross-cultural comparison of the relationship in 14 European countries
-
Rossow I. Alcohol and homicide: a cross-cultural comparison of the relationship in 14 European countries. Addiction 2002;96:77-92.
-
(2002)
Addiction
, vol.96
, pp. 77-92
-
-
Rossow, I.1
-
29
-
-
37649024417
-
Alcohol and homicide in Eastern Europe: a time series analyses of six countries
-
Bye EK. Alcohol and homicide in Eastern Europe: a time series analyses of six countries. Homicide Stud 2008;12:7-27.
-
(2008)
Homicide Stud
, vol.12
, pp. 7-27
-
-
Bye, E.K.1
-
32
-
-
0028910406
-
Bringing 'booze' back in: the relationship between alcohol and homicide
-
Parker RN. Bringing 'booze' back in: the relationship between alcohol and homicide. J Res Crime Delinq 1995;32:3-38.
-
(1995)
J Res Crime Delinq
, vol.32
, pp. 3-38
-
-
Parker, R.N.1
-
33
-
-
0025471948
-
Alcohol myopia: its prized and dangerous effects
-
Steele CM, Josephs RA. Alcohol myopia: its prized and dangerous effects. Am Psychol 1990;45:921-33.
-
(1990)
Am Psychol
, vol.45
, pp. 921-933
-
-
Steele, C.M.1
Josephs, R.A.2
-
35
-
-
67349210636
-
Does alcohol outlet density affect youth access to alcohol?
-
Chen MJ, Gruenewald PJ, Remer LG. Does alcohol outlet density affect youth access to alcohol? J Adolesc Health 2009;44:582-9.
-
(2009)
J Adolesc Health
, vol.44
, pp. 582-589
-
-
Chen, M.J.1
Gruenewald, P.J.2
Remer, L.G.3
-
37
-
-
0000204509
-
Social change and crime rate trends: a routine activities approach
-
Cohen L, Felson M. Social change and crime rate trends: a routine activities approach. Am Sociol Rev 1979;44:588-607.
-
(1979)
Am Sociol Rev
, vol.44
, pp. 588-607
-
-
Cohen, L.1
Felson, M.2
-
38
-
-
77953903174
-
The toxicology of homicide offenders and victims: a review
-
Darke S. The toxicology of homicide offenders and victims: a review. Drug Alcohol Rev 2010;29:202-15.
-
(2010)
Drug Alcohol Rev
, vol.29
, pp. 202-215
-
-
Darke, S.1
-
39
-
-
0036736690
-
The influence of trait anger on the alcohol-aggression relation in men and women
-
Giancola PR. The influence of trait anger on the alcohol-aggression relation in men and women. Alcohol Clin Exp Res 2002;26:1350-8.
-
(2002)
Alcohol Clin Exp Res
, vol.26
, pp. 1350-1358
-
-
Giancola, P.R.1
-
41
-
-
36949034310
-
Beliefs, attitudes, and male-to-male barroom aggression: development of a theoretical predictive model
-
Wells S, Graham K, Tremblay PF. Beliefs, attitudes, and male-to-male barroom aggression: development of a theoretical predictive model. Addict Res Theory 2007;15:575-86.
-
(2007)
Addict Res Theory
, vol.15
, pp. 575-586
-
-
Wells, S.1
Graham, K.2
Tremblay, P.F.3
-
43
-
-
0004119022
-
-
Blumstein A, Wallman J, eds. New York, NY: Cambridge University Press
-
Blumstein A, Wallman J, eds. The crime drop in America (revised edition). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press, 2006.
-
(2006)
The crime drop in America (revised edition)
-
-
-
44
-
-
0039967154
-
Homicide, structural factors and the racial invariance assumption
-
Ousey GC. Homicide, structural factors and the racial invariance assumption. Criminology 1999;37:405-26.
-
(1999)
Criminology
, vol.37
, pp. 405-426
-
-
Ousey, G.C.1
-
45
-
-
0007257985
-
Young guns: examining alternative explanations of juvenile firearm homicide rates
-
Ousey GC, Augustine MC. Young guns: examining alternative explanations of juvenile firearm homicide rates. Criminology 2001;39:933-67.
-
(2001)
Criminology
, vol.39
, pp. 933-967
-
-
Ousey, G.C.1
Augustine, M.C.2
-
46
-
-
0039374814
-
Structural conditions and racial homicide patterns: a look at the multiple disadvantages in urban areas
-
Parker KF, McCall PL. Structural conditions and racial homicide patterns: a look at the multiple disadvantages in urban areas. Criminology 1999;37:447-77.
-
(1999)
Criminology
, vol.37
, pp. 447-477
-
-
Parker, K.F.1
McCall, P.L.2
-
47
-
-
0021408084
-
economic sources of homicide: re-estimating the effects of poverty and inequality
-
Williams KR. economic sources of homicide: re-estimating the effects of poverty and inequality. Am Sociol Rev 1984;49:283-9.
-
(1984)
Am Sociol Rev
, vol.49
, pp. 283-289
-
-
Williams, K.R.1
-
48
-
-
84936824644
-
The social production of criminal homicide: a comparative study of disaggregated homicide rates in American cities
-
Williams KR, Flewelling R. The social production of criminal homicide: a comparative study of disaggregated homicide rates in American cities. Am Sociol Rev 1988;53:421-31.
-
(1988)
Am Sociol Rev
, vol.53
, pp. 421-431
-
-
Williams, K.R.1
Flewelling, R.2
-
49
-
-
0036254020
-
What we know about social structure and homicide: a review of the theoretical and empirical literature
-
Pridemore WA. What we know about social structure and homicide: a review of the theoretical and empirical literature. Violence Vict 2002;17:116-27.
-
(2002)
Violence Vict
, vol.17
, pp. 116-127
-
-
Pridemore, W.A.1
-
50
-
-
0001956866
-
The epidemic of youth violence
-
In: Tonry M, Moore MH, eds. Chicago: University of Chicago Press
-
Cook PJ, Laub JH. The epidemic of youth violence. In: Tonry M, Moore MH, eds. Youth violence. Chicago: University of Chicago Press, 1998:27-64.
-
(1998)
Youth violence
, pp. 27-64
-
-
Cook, P.J.1
Laub, J.H.2
-
51
-
-
0031874985
-
Influence of crack cocaine on robbery, burglary, and homicide rates: a cross-city, longitudinal analysis
-
Baumer EP, Lauritsen JL, Rosenfeld R, Wright R. Influence of crack cocaine on robbery, burglary, and homicide rates: a cross-city, longitudinal analysis. J Res Crime Delinq 1998;35:316-40.
-
(1998)
J Res Crime Delinq
, vol.35
, pp. 316-340
-
-
Baumer, E.P.1
Lauritsen, J.L.2
Rosenfeld, R.3
Wright, R.4
-
52
-
-
84926992126
-
The rise and decline of hard drugs, drug markets, and violence in inner-city New York
-
In: Blumsteirn A, Wallman J, eds. New York: Cambridge University Press
-
Johnson BD, Golub A, Dunlap E. The rise and decline of hard drugs, drug markets, and violence in inner-city New York. In: Blumsteirn A, Wallman J, eds. The crime drop in America (revised edition). New York: Cambridge University Press, 2006:164-206.
-
(2006)
The crime drop in America (revised edition)
, pp. 164-206
-
-
Johnson, B.D.1
Golub, A.2
Dunlap, E.3
-
53
-
-
15544375698
-
Understanding why crime fell in the 1990s: four factors that explain the decline and six that do not
-
Levitt SD. Understanding why crime fell in the 1990s: four factors that explain the decline and six that do not. J Econ Perspect 2004;18:163-90.
-
(2004)
J Econ Perspect
, vol.18
, pp. 163-190
-
-
Levitt, S.D.1
-
54
-
-
84992803602
-
A nonparametric imputation approach for dealing with missing variables in SHR data
-
Flewelling RL. A nonparametric imputation approach for dealing with missing variables in SHR data. Homicide Stud 2004;8:255-66.
-
(2004)
Homicide Stud
, vol.8
, pp. 255-266
-
-
Flewelling, R.L.1
-
55
-
-
0036563159
-
A log-multiplicative association model for allocating homicides with unknown victim-offender relationships
-
Messner SF, Deane G, Beaulieu M. A log-multiplicative association model for allocating homicides with unknown victim-offender relationships. Criminology 2002;40:457-80.
-
(2002)
Criminology
, vol.40
, pp. 457-480
-
-
Messner, S.F.1
Deane, G.2
Beaulieu, M.3
-
56
-
-
0347357583
-
Intimacy and homicide: compensating for missing data in the SHR
-
Pampel F, Williams KR. Intimacy and homicide: compensating for missing data in the SHR. Criminology 2000;38:661-80.
-
(2000)
Criminology
, vol.38
, pp. 661-680
-
-
Pampel, F.1
Williams, K.R.2
-
57
-
-
0037260294
-
The application of missing data estimation models to the problem of unknown victim/offender relationships in homicide cases
-
Regoeczi WC, Riedel M. The application of missing data estimation models to the problem of unknown victim/offender relationships in homicide cases. J Quant Criminol 2003;19:155-83.
-
(2003)
J Quant Criminol
, vol.19
, pp. 155-183
-
-
Regoeczi, W.C.1
Riedel, M.2
-
58
-
-
0001783992
-
Sources of homicide data: a review and comparison
-
In: Smith MD, Zahn MA, eds. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage
-
Riedel M. Sources of homicide data: a review and comparison. In: Smith MD, Zahn MA, eds. Homicide: a sourcebook of social research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage, 1999:75-95.
-
(1999)
Homicide: a sourcebook of social research
, pp. 75-95
-
-
Riedel, M.1
-
59
-
-
0023627917
-
Family, acquaintance, and stranger homicide: an alternative procedures for rate calculations
-
Williams KR, Flewelling R. Family, acquaintance, and stranger homicide: an alternative procedures for rate calculations. Criminology 1987;25:543-60.
-
(1987)
Criminology
, vol.25
, pp. 543-560
-
-
Williams, K.R.1
Flewelling, R.2
-
60
-
-
57349198202
-
When missing data are not missing
-
Wadsworth T, Roberts J. When missing data are not missing. Criminology 2008;46:841-69.
-
(2008)
Criminology
, vol.46
, pp. 841-869
-
-
Wadsworth, T.1
Roberts, J.2
-
61
-
-
0036463291
-
Examining the conditional nature of the illicit drug market-homicide relationship: a partial test of the theory of contingent causation
-
Ousey GC, Lee M. Examining the conditional nature of the illicit drug market-homicide relationship: a partial test of the theory of contingent causation. Criminology 2002;40:73-102.
-
(2002)
Criminology
, vol.40
, pp. 73-102
-
-
Ousey, G.C.1
Lee, M.2
-
64
-
-
43749094530
-
A new framework for managing and analyzing multiply imputed data in Stata
-
Carlin JB, Galati JC, Royston P. A new framework for managing and analyzing multiply imputed data in Stata. Stata J 2008;8:49-67.
-
(2008)
Stata J
, vol.8
, pp. 49-67
-
-
Carlin, J.B.1
Galati, J.C.2
Royston, P.3
-
65
-
-
20344370565
-
Multiple imputation of missing values
-
Royston P. Multiple imputation of missing values. Stata J 2004;4:227-41.
-
(2004)
Stata J
, vol.4
, pp. 227-241
-
-
Royston, P.1
-
66
-
-
78049327860
-
-
Washington, DC: The Urban Institute
-
Roman CG, Reid SE, Bhati AS, Tereshchenko B. Alcohol outlets as attractors of violence and disorder. Washington, DC: The Urban Institute, 2009.
-
(2009)
Alcohol outlets as attractors of violence and disorder
-
-
Roman, C.G.1
Reid, S.E.2
Bhati, A.S.3
Tereshchenko, B.4
-
67
-
-
80052412214
-
-
North American Industrial Classification System. code=445310. Available at: (accessed February 2011).
-
North American Industrial Classification System. 2007; code=445310. Available at: (accessed February 2011).
-
(2007)
-
-
-
68
-
-
0347172041
-
Explaining recent trends in U.S. homicide rates
-
Blumstein A, Rosenfeld R. Explaining recent trends in U.S. homicide rates. J Crim Law Criminol 1998;88:1175-216.
-
(1998)
J Crim Law Criminol
, vol.88
, pp. 1175-1216
-
-
Blumstein, A.1
Rosenfeld, R.2
-
69
-
-
0033270894
-
Examining space-time interaction in city-level homicide data: crack markets and the diffusion of guns among youth
-
Cork D. Examining space-time interaction in city-level homicide data: crack markets and the diffusion of guns among youth. J Quant Criminol 1999;15:379-406.
-
(1999)
J Quant Criminol
, vol.15
, pp. 379-406
-
-
Cork, D.1
-
70
-
-
0034363194
-
The emergence of crack cocaine and the rise in urban crime rates
-
Grogger J, Willis M. The emergence of crack cocaine and the rise in urban crime rates. Rev Econ Stat 2000;82:519-29.
-
(2000)
Rev Econ Stat
, vol.82
, pp. 519-529
-
-
Grogger, J.1
Willis, M.2
-
71
-
-
1642628240
-
State and local prevalence of firearms ownership: measurement, structure and trends
-
Azrael D, Cook PJ, Miller M. State and local prevalence of firearms ownership: measurement, structure and trends. J Quant Criminol 2004;20:43-62.
-
(2004)
J Quant Criminol
, vol.20
, pp. 43-62
-
-
Azrael, D.1
Cook, P.J.2
Miller, M.3
-
72
-
-
80052398494
-
-
State and local prevalence of firearms ownership: measurement, structure and trends. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Research working paper, 8570, Available at: (accessed June 2011).
-
Azrael D, Cook PJ, Miller M. State and local prevalence of firearms ownership: measurement, structure and trends. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research. Research working paper, #8570, 2001. Available at: (accessed June 2011).
-
(2001)
-
-
Azrael, D.1
Cook, P.J.2
Miller, M.3
-
73
-
-
0003592265
-
-
Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Center for Juvenile Justice, U.S. Dept. of Justice
-
Snyder H, Sickmund M. Juvenile offenders and victims: 2006 national report. Washington, DC: Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, National Center for Juvenile Justice, U.S. Dept. of Justice, 2006.
-
(2006)
Juvenile offenders and victims: 2006 national report
-
-
Snyder, H.1
Sickmund, M.2
-
74
-
-
33747062773
-
comparing time series cross-section model specifications: the case of welfare state development
-
Podesta F. comparing time series cross-section model specifications: the case of welfare state development. Qual Quant 2006;40:539-59.
-
(2006)
Qual Quant
, vol.40
, pp. 539-559
-
-
Podesta, F.1
-
75
-
-
0004296209
-
-
6th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall
-
Greene WH. Econometric analysis, 6th edn. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 2008.
-
(2008)
Econometric analysis
-
-
Greene, W.H.1
|