The imaginary of plasticity: Neural embodiment, epigenetics and ecomorphs

Sociological Review

Volumn 59, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 432-456

  Papadopoulos, Dimitris ^a  

^a UNIVERSITY OF LEICESTER   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 80052302908     PISSN: 00380261     EISSN: 1467954X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-954X.2011.02025.x     Document Type: Article

References (160)

1. Abi-Rached, J.M. and Rose, N., (2010), 'The birth of the neuromolecular gaze', History of the Human Sciences, 23 (1): 11-36.
2. Adam, A., (1998), Artificial Knowing. Gender and the Thinking Machine, New York: Routledge.
3. Alaimo, S. and Hekman, S.J., (eds), (2008), Material Feminisms, Bloomington, Ind: Indiana University Press.
4. Atkinson, K., (2010), Started Early, Took My Dog, London: Doubleday.
5. Baker, C. and American Association for the Advancement of Science, (1997), Your Genes, Your Choices. Exploring the Issues Raised by Genetic Research, Washington, D.C.: American Association for the Advancement of Science.
6. Baldwin, J.M., (1897), Social and Ethical Interpretations in Mental Development. A Study in Social Psychology, New York: Macmillan.
7. Balsamo, A., (1995), 'Forms of technological embodiment: Reading the body in contemporary culture', in Featherstone, M. and Burrows, R. (eds), Cyberspace/Cyberbodies/Cyberpunk: Cultures Of Technological Embodiment: 215-237, London: Sage.
8. Bandyopadhyay, D. and Medrano, E.E., (2003), 'The emerging role of epigenetics in cellular and organismal aging', Experimental Gerontology, 38 (11-12): 1299-1307.
9. Barad, K., (1998), 'Getting real: technoscientific practices and the materialization of reality', Differences: A Journal of Feminist Cultural Studies, 10 (2): 87-126.
10. Bauchspies, W. and Puig de la Bellacasa, M., (2009), 'Special issue: Re-tooling subjectivities, exploring the possible with Feminist Science and Technology Studies', Subjectivity, 28 (1): 227-361.
11. Beaulieu, A., (2003), 'Brains, Maps and the New Territory of Psychology', Theory and Psychology, 13 (4): 561-568.
12. Blanche, M.T., Bhavnani, K.-K. and Hook, D., (eds), (1999), Body Politics. Power, Knowledge and The Body In Social Sciences, Johannesburg: Histories of the Present Press.
13. Bollier, D., (2003), Silent Theft. The Private Plunder Of Our Common Wealth, London: Routledge.
14. Bordo, S., (1990), 'Reading the slender body', in Jacobus, M., Keller, E.F. and Shuttleworth, S. (eds), Body/Politics: Women And The Discourses Of Science: 83-112, New York: Routledge.
15. Bourdieu, P., (1987), Sozialer Sin. Kritik der theoretischen Vernunft, Frankfurt am Main: Suhrkamp.
16. Braidotti, R., (2002), Metamorphoses. Towards A Materialist Theory Of Becoming, Cambridge: Polity.
17. Breckenridge, C.A. and Vogler, C., (2001), 'The Critical Limits of Embodiment: Disability's Criticism'. Public Culture, 13 (3): 349-357.
18. Brooks, R.A., (1991), 'Intelligence without representation', Artificial Intelligence, 47: 139-159.
19. Brooks, R.A., (2001), 'Künstliche Intelligenz und Roboter-Entwicklung', in Münkel, A. and Sonderausstellung Computer. Gehirn (eds), Computer. Gehirn: Was kann der Mensch? Was können die Computer? Begleitpublikation zur Sonderausstellung im Heinz-Nixdorf-MuseumsForum: 14-37, Paderborn: Schöningh.
20. Brooks, R.A., (2002), Flesh and Machines: How Robots Will Change Us, New York: Pantheon Books.
21. Bruner, J.S., (1967), 'Preface'. Soviet Psychology, 5: 3-5.
22. Bruner, J.S., Goodnow, J. and Austin, G.A., (1956), A Study of Thinking, New York: Wiley.
23. Calvanese, V., Lara, E., Kahn, A. and Fraga, M.F., (2009), 'The role of epigenetics in aging and age-related diseases', Ageing Research Reviews, 8 (4): 268-276.
24. Champagne, F.A., (2010), 'Epigenetic influence of social experiences across the lifespan', Developmental Psychobiology, 52 (4): 299-311.
25. Changeux, J.-P., (1997), Neuronal Man: The Biology Of Mind, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
26. Chrisley, R. and Ziemke, T., (2002), 'Embodiment', in Nadel, L. (ed.), Encyclopedia of Cognitive Science: 1102-1108, London: Macmillan Publishers.
27. Churchland, P.S., (1986), Neurophilosophy: Toward A Unified Science Of The Mind-Brain, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
28. Clark, A., (1997), Being There: Putting Brain, Body, And World Together Again, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
29. Clark, A., (1998), 'Where Brain, Body and World Collide', Daedalus, 127 (2): 257-280.
30. Clarke, A., Mamo, L., Fosket, J.R., Fishman, J.R. and Shim, J.K., (eds), (2010), Biomedicalization: Technoscience, Health, And Illness In The U.S, Durham: Duke University Press.
31. Clarke, A. and Olesen, V.L., (1998), Revisioning Women, Health And Healing: Feminist, Cultural, And Technoscience Perspectives, New York: Routledge.
32. Cooper, M., (2008), Life As Surplus. Biotechnology and Capitalism In The Neoliberal Era, Seattle: University of Washington Press.
33. Crimp, D., (1988), 'How to have promiscuity in an epidemic', in Crimp, D. and Bersani, L. (eds), AIDS: Cultural Analysis, Cultural Activism: 237-271, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
34. Cromby, J., (2004), 'Between Constructionism and Neuroscience: The Societal Co-constitution of Embodied Subjectivity', Theory and Psychology, 14 (6): 797-821.
35. Cromby, J., (2007), 'Integrating social science with neuroscience: Potentials and problems', BioSocieties, 2: 149-169.
36. Cromby, J., Newton, T. and Williams, S., (2011), 'Special Issue: Subjectivity and Neuroscience', Subjectivity, 4 (3): 215-365.
37. Csordas, T.J., (1994a), 'Introduction: the body as representation and being-in-the-world', in Csordas, T.J. (ed.), Embodiment And Experience: The Existential Ground Of Culture And Self: 1-24, Cambridge; New York: Cambridge University Press.
38. Csordas, T.J., (ed.), (1994b), Embodiment And Experience: The Existential Ground Of Culture And Self, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
39. Damasio, A.R., (1999), The Feeling Of What Happens: Body And Emotion In The Making Of Consciousness, New York: Harcourt Brace.
40. Damasio, A.R., (2004), Looking For Spinoza: Joy, Sorrow And The Feeling Brain, London: Vintage.
41. De Lauretis, T., (1987), Technologies Of Gender. Essays On Theory, Film, And Fiction, Bloomington, IN: Indiana University Press.
42. Deleuze, G. and Guattari, F., (1987), A Thousand Plateaus: Capitalism And Schizophrenia, Minneapolis: University of Minnesota Press.
43. Dennett, D.C., (1995), Darwin's Dangerous Idea: Evolution And The Meanings Of Life, New York: Simon and Schuster.
44. Dewey, J., (1999), Democracy And Education: An Introduction To The Philosophy Of Education, New York: Free Press.
45. Doidge, N., (2008), The Brain That Changes Itself: Stories Of Personal Triumph From The Frontiers Of Brain Science, London: Penguin.
46. Duden, B., (2002), Die Gene im Kopf - der Fötus im Bauch: Historisches zum Frauenkörper, Hannover: Offizin.
47. Dumit, J., (2004), Picturing Personhood: Brain Scans and Biomedical Identity, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press.
48. Edelman, G.M., (1989), Neural Darwinism: The Theory of Neuronal Group Selection, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
49. Edelman, G.M., (1992), Bright Air, Brilliant Fire: On The Matter Of The Mind, New York, N.Y.: Basic Books.
50. Edelman, G.M. and Tononi, G., (2000), A Universe Of Consciousness: How Matter Becomes Imagination, New York, NY: Basic Books.
51. Elman, J.L., Bates, E., Johnson, M., Karmiloff-Smith, A., Parisi, D. and Plunkett, K., (1996), Rethinking Innateness: A Connectionist Perspective On Development, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
52. Fausto-Sterling, A., (2000), Sexing The Body: Gender Politics And The Construction Of Sexuality, New York, NY: Basic Books.
53. Fodor, J.A., (1983), The Modularity Of Mind: An Essay On Faculty Psychology, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
54. Foucault, M., (1995), Der Wille zum Wissen: Sexualität und Wahrheit, Band 1, Frankfurt a.M.: Suhrkamp.
55. Frank, A., (1991), 'For a sociology of the body. An analytical review', in Featherstone, M., Hepworth, M. and Turner, B.S. (eds), The Body: Social Process And Cultural Theory: 36-102, London: Sage.
56. Franks, D.D., (2010), Neurosociology: The Nexus Between Neuroscience And Social Psychology, New York: Springer.
57. Gardner, H., (1987), The Mind's New Science. A History Of Cognitive Revolution, New York: Basic.
58. Gilbert, S.F., (1997), 'Bodies of knowledge: Biology and the intercultural university', in Taylor, P.J., Halfon, S.E. and Edwards, P.N. (eds), Changing Life: Genomes, Ecologies, Bodies, Commodities: 36-55, Minneapolis, MN: University of Minnesota Press.
59. Gilbert, S.F., (2002), 'The Genome in Its Ecological Context: Philosophical Perspectives on Interspecies Epigenesis'. Annals- New York Academy of Sciences, 981: 202-218.
60. Gilbert, S.F. and Epel, D., (2009), Ecological Developmental Biology: Integrating Epigenetics, Medicine, And Evolution, Sunderland, Mass.: Sinauer Associates.
61. Gottlieb, G., (1992), Individual Development And Evolution: The Genesis Of Novel Behavior, New York: Oxford University Press.
62. Gottlieb, G., (1997), Synthesizing Nature-Nurture: Prenatal Roots Of Instinctive Behavior, Mahwah, N.J.: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
63. Gottlieb, G., (2007), 'Probabilistic epigenesist', Developmental Science, 10 (1): 1-11.
64. Gottlieb, G., Wahlsten, D. and Lickliter, R., (1998), 'The significance of biology for human development: A developmental psychobiological systems view', in Damon, W. and Lerner, R.M. (eds), Handbook Of Child Psychology. Vol. I: Theoretical Models Of Human Development: 233-273, New York: Wiley.
65. Gould, S.J., (1977), Ontogeny and Phylogeny, Cambridge, Mass.: Belknap Press of Harvard University Press.
66. Haraway, D.J., (1991), Simians, Cyborgs, And Women: The Reinvention Of Nature, New York: Routledge.
67. Harré, R., (1996), 'The necessity of personhood as embodied being'. Theory and Psychology, 5: 369-373.
68. Hayles, N.K., (1999), How We Became Posthuman: Virtual Bodies In Cybernetics, Literature, And Informatics, Chicago, Ill.: University of Chicago Press.
69. Heidegger, M., (1993), Sein und Zeit, Tübingen: Niemeyer.
70. Horstman, J. and Scientific American, (2010), The Scientific American Brave New Brain, San Francisco, Calif.: Jossey-Bass.
71. Huttenlocher, P.R., (2002), Neural Plasticity. The Effects Of Environment On The Development Of The Cerebral Cortex, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
72. Irigaray, L., (1985), This Sex Which Is Not One, Ithaca, NY: Cornell University Press.
73. Jablonka, E. and Lamb, M.J., (2005), Evolution In Four Dimensions. Genetic, Epigenetic, Behavioral, and Symbolic Variation In The History Of Life, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
74. Johnson, M.L., (1999), 'Embodied reason', in Weiss, G. and Haber, H.F. (eds), Perspectives On Embodiment. The Intersections Of Culture And Nature: 81-102, London: Routledge.
75. Joyce, K., (2005), 'Appealing Images: Magnetic Resonance Imaging and the Production of Authoritative Knowledge', Social Studies of Science: 437-462.
76. Karmiloff-Smith, A., (1992), Beyond Modularity: A Developmental Perspective On Cognitive Science, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
77. Kember, S., (2003), Cyberfeminism and Artificial Life, London: Routledge.
78. Kiefer, J.C., (2007), 'Epigenetics in development', Developmental Dynamics, 236 (4): 1144-1156.
79. Kippax, S. and Stephenson, N., (2010), 'Infectious diseases and globalisation', in Turner, B. (ed.), The Routledge International Handbook Of Globalization Studies: 205-226, Abingdon: Routledge.
80. Lakoff, G. and Johnson, M.L., (1999), Philosophy in The Flesh: The Embodied Mind And Its Challenge To Western Thought, New York: Basic Books.
81. Lamb, M.J., (1994), 'Epigenetic inheritance and aging', Review Clinical Gerontology, 4: 97-105.
82. Landecker, H., (2011a), 'Food as exposure: Nutritional epigenetics and the new metabolism'. BioSocieties, advance online publication, March 7, 2011, doi:10.1057/biosoc.2011.1051.
83. Landecker, H., (2011b), 'Food is licking is plastic: The social as signal in environmental epigenetics', paper presented at the Workshop Anticipation: Exploring Technoscience, Life, Affect, Temporality, San Francisco, USA, March, 27-29, 2011.
84. Latimer, J. and Schillmeier, M.W.J., (2009), Un/knowing Bodies, Malden, MA; Oxford: Blackwell.
85. Latour, B., (2004), 'Why Has Critique Run out of Steam? From Matters of Fact to Matters of Concern', Critical Inquiry, 30 (2): 225-248.
86. Leder, D., (1990), The Absent Body, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
87. LeDoux, J.E., (2002), Synaptic Self: How Our Brains Become Who We Are, London: Macmillan.
88. Lewontin, R.C., (2000), The Triple Helix: Gene, Organism, And Environment, Cambridge, Mass.: Harvard University Press.
89. Liben, L.S., (1999), 'Developing an understanding of external spatial representations', in Sigel, I.E. (ed.), Development of Mental Representation: Theories And Applications: 297-321, Mahwah, NJ: L. Erlbaum Associates.
90. Lilley, S., Lightfoot, G. and Amaral, P., (2004), Representing Organization: Knowledge, Management, And The Information Age, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
91. Linebaugh, P., (2008), The Magna Carta Manifesto: Liberties And Commons For All, Berkeley, Calif.: University of California Press.
92. Littlefield, M., (2009), 'Constructing the Organ of Deceit'. Science, Technology and Human Values, 34 (3): 365-392.
93. Malabou, C., (2008), What Should We Do With Our Brain? New York: Fordham University Press.
94. Margulis, L., (1998), The Symbiotic Planet: A New Look At Evolution, London: Weidenfeld and Nicolson.
95. Margulis, L. and Sagan, D., (2003), Acquiring Genomes. A Theory Of The Origins Of Species, New York: Basic Books.
96. Martin, E., (1990), 'Towards an anthropology of immunology: The body as nation state', Medical Anthropology Quarterly, 4: 410-426.
97. Martin, E., (1992), 'The end of the body?' American Ethnologist, 19 (1): 121-140.
98. Martin, E., (2002), '"Flexible Körper", Wissenschaft und Industrie im Zeitalter des flexiblen Kapitalismus', in Duden, B. and Noeres, D. (eds), Auf den Spuren des Körpers in einer technogenen Welt: 29-54, Opladen: Leske+Budrich.
99. Martin, E., (2010), 'Self-making and the brain', Subjectivity, 3 (4): 366-381.
100. Masterpasqua, F., (2009), 'Psychology and Epigenetics', Review of General Psychology, 13: 194-201.
101. Merleau-Ponty, M., (1966), Phänomenologie der Wahrnehmung, Berlin: De Gruyter.
102. Mitchell, A.R., Jeppesen, P., Nicol, L., Morrison, H. and Kipling, D., (1996), 'Epigenetic control of mammalian centromere protein binding: does DNA methylation have a role?' Journal of Cell Science, 109: 2199-2206.
103. Mueller III, R.S., (2002, 30 May), 'Text: Excerpts From Director's Briefing on Plans to Transform the U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation', New York Times.
104. Muller, G.B., (2007), 'Evo-devo: extending the evolutionary synthesis', Nature Reviews Genetics, 8 (12): 943-949.
105. Myers, N., (2008), 'Molecular Embodiments and the Body-work of Modeling in Protein Crystallography', Social Studies of Science, 38: 163-200.
106. Overton, W.F., (1998), 'The arrow of time and cycles of time. Concepts of change, cognition and embodiment', Psychological Inquiry, 5: 215-237.
107. Oyama, S., (2000), The Ontogeny Of Information: Developmental Systems And Evolution, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
108. Papadopoulos, D., (2003), 'The ordinary superstition of subjectivity. Liberalism and technostructural violence, ' Theory and Psychology, 13 (1): 73-93.
109. Papadopoulos, D., (2008), 'In the ruins of representation: Identity, individuality, subjectification', British Journal of Social Psychology, 47 (1): 139-165.
110. Papadopoulos, D., (2010a), 'Activist materialism', Deleuze Studies, 4: 64-83.
111. Papadopoulos, D., (2010b), 'Insurgent posthumanism', Ephemera: Theory and Politics in Organization, 10 (2): 134-151.
112. Papadopoulos, D., (2010c), L.S. Wygotski. Werk und Rezeption (2nd edition), Berlin: Lehmanns Media.
113. Papadopoulos, D., (2011), 'Alter-ontologies: Towards a constituent politics in technoscience', Social Studies of Science, 41 (2): 177-201.
114. Papadopoulos, D., Stephenson, N. and Tsianos, V., (2008), Escape Routes. Control And Subversion In The 21st Century, London: Pluto Press.
115. Parisi, L. and Terranova, T., (2000), 'Heat-Death, Emergence and Control In Genetic Engineering And Artificial Life'. CTheory, date last accessed: 5.2.2009.
116. Peuter, G.D., and Dyer-Witheford, N., (2010), 'Commons and Cooperatives', Affinities: A Journal of Radical Theory, Culture, and Action, 4 (1): 30-56.
117. Pinker, S., (1997), How the Mind Works, New York: Norton.
118. Pitts-Taylor, V., (2010), 'The Plastic Brain: Neoliberalism and the Neuronal Self', Health: Interdisciplinary Studies in Health, Illness and Medicine, 14 (6): 635-652.
119. Puig de la Bellacasa, M., (2009), 'Power to touch: The remaking of sensual experience and the politics of speculative constructivism', Subjectivity, 28 (1): 297-315.
120. Puig de la Bellacasa, M., (2010), 'Ethical doings in naturecultures', Ethics, Place and Environment. A Journal of Philosophy and Geography, 13 (3): 151-169.
121. Puig de la Bellacasa, M., (2011), 'Matters of care in technoscience. Assembling neglected things', Social Studies of Science, 41 (1): 85-106.
122. Rapp, R., (2000), Testing Women, Testing The Fetus: The Social Impact Of Amniocentesis In America, New York: Routledge.
123. Robert, J.S., (2004), Embryology, Epigenesis, And Evolution. Taking Development Seriously, Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press.
124. Roberts, C., Kippax, S., Spongberg, M. and Crawford, J., (1996), '"Going Down": Oral sex, Imaginary bodies and HIV'. Body and Society, 2: 107-124.
125. Rose, N., (2001), 'The politics of life itself', Theory, Culture and Society, 18 (6): 1-30.
126. Rose, S., (1998), Lifelines: Biology Beyond Determinism, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
127. Sampson, E.E., (1996), 'Establishing embodiment in psychology', Theory and Psychology, 6 (4): 601-624.
128. Sandbothe, M., (1998), Die Verzeitlichung der Zeit: Grundtendenzen der modernen Zeitdebatte in Philosophie und Wissenschaft, Darmstadt: Wissenschaftliche Buchgesellschaft.
129. Scarry, E., (1985), The Body In Pain: The Making And Unmaking Of The World, New York: Oxford University Press.
130. Scholl, B.J. and Leslie, A.M., (1999), 'Modularity, development, and "Theory of Mind"', Mind and Language, 14 (1): 131-153.
131. Schull, N. and Zaloom, C., (2011), 'The Shortsighted Brain: Neuroeconomics and the Governance of Choice in Time', Social Studies of Science.
132. Scott, J.W., (2001), 'Die Zukunft von gender. Fantasien zur Jahrtausendwende', in Honegger, C. and Caroline, A. (eds), Gender - die Tücken einer Kategorie: Joan W.Scott, Geschichte und Politik; Beiträge zum Symposion anlässlich der Verleihung des Hans-Sigrist-Preises 1999 der Universität Bern an Joan W. Scott: 39-63, Zürich: Chronos.
133. Shenk, D., (2010), The Genius In All Of Us: The New Science Of Genes, Talent And Human Potential, London: Icon.
134. Sonigo, P., (2005), 'The robot and the forest', Current Sociology, 53 (2): 311-322.
135. Star, S.L., (1989), Regions Of The Mind. Brain Research And The Quest For Scientific Certainty, Stanford, Calif.: Stanford University Press.
136. Steels, L. and Brooks, R.A., (1995), The Artificial Life Route To Artificial Intelligence: Building Embodied, Situated Agents, Hillsdale, N.J.: L. Erlbaum Associates.
137. Stephenson, N., (2010), 'Emerging Infectious Disease/Emerging forms of Biological Sovereignty', Science, Technology and Human Values. First published online November 22nd, 2010.
138. Stephenson, N. and Papadopoulos, D., (2006), Analysing Everyday Experience. Social Research And Political Change, London: Palgrave Macmillan.
139. Suchman, L.A., (2007), Human-Machine Reconfigurations. Plans And Situated Actions (2nd edition), Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
140. Sultan, S.E., (2007), 'Development in context: the timely emergence of eco-devo', Trends in Ecology and Evolution, 22 (11): 575-582.
141. Thelen, E. and Smith, L.B., (1994), A Dynamic Systems Approach To The Development Of Cognition And Action, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
142. Tolman, E.C., (1954), 'A psychological model', in Parsons, T. and Shils, E.A. (eds), Toward a General Theory of Action: 277-361, Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press.
143. Turner, B.S., (1984), The Body And Society: Explorations In Social Theory, Oxford: Blackwell.
144. van Speybroeck, L., van de Vijver, G. and de Waele, D., (eds), (2002), From Epigenesis To Epigenetics. The Genome In Context. Annals Of The New York Academy Of Sciences, Volume 981, New York: New York Academy of Sciences.
145. Varela, F.J., Thompson, E. and Rosch, E., (1991), The Embodied Mind: Cognitive Science And Human Experience, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
146. Vygotsky, L.S., (1987), The Collected Works Of L.S. Vygotsky. Vol. 1: Problems Of General Psychology, New York: Plenum.
147. Wainwright, P.C. and Reilly, S.M., (eds), (1994), Ecological Morphology. Integrative Organismal Biology, Chicago: University Of Chicago Press.
148. Watson, J.B., (1913), 'Psychology as the behaviorists views it', Psychological Review, 20: 158-177.
149. Watson, S., (1998), 'The Neurobiology of Sorcery: Deleuze and Guattari's Brain', Body and Society, 4 (4): 23-45.
150. Weeks, J., (1995), Invented Moralities: Sexual Values in the Age of Uncertainty, Cambridge: Polity Press.
151. West-Eberhard, M.J., (2003), Developmental Plasticity And Evolution, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
152. Wexler, B.E., (2006), Brain and Culture: Neurobiology, Ideology, and Social Change, Cambridge, Mass.: MIT Press.
153. Wilson, E.A., (1998), Neural Geographies: Feminism and The Microstructure Of Cognition, New York: Routledge.
154. Wilson, E.A., (2004), Psychosomatic. Feminism And The Neurological Body, Durham, N.C.: Duke University Press.
155. Winner, L., (1986), The Whale And The Reactor: A Search For Limits In An Age Of High Technology, Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
156. Wittgenstein, L., (1958), Philosophical Investigations, New York: Prentice Hall.
157. Woodworth, R.S., (1921), Psychology, New York: Holt.
158. Woodworth, R.S., (1938), Experimental Psychology, New York: Holt.
159. Wygotski, L.S., (1987), Ausgewählte Schriften. Bd. 2: Arbeiten zur psychischen Entwicklung der Persönlichkeit, Köln: Pahl-Rugenstein.
160. Ziemke, T., (2001), Are Robots Embodied? Paper presented at the First International Workshop on Epigenetic Robotics: Modeling Cognitive Development in Robotic Systems, Lund University Cognitive Studies.