Dual effects of caffeoyl-amino acidyl-hydroxamic acid as an antioxidant and depigmenting agent

Bioorganic and Medicinal Chemistry Letters

Volumn 21, Issue 18, 2011, Pages 5155-5158

  Kwak, Seon Yeong ^a   Lee, Song ^a   Choi, Hye Ryung ^b   Park, Kyung Chan ^b   Lee, Yoon Sik ^a  

^a Seoul National University   (South Korea)

^b Seoul National University Bundang Hospital   (South Korea)

Author keywords

Antioxidant; Caffeic acid; Depigmenting agent; Dual effector; Hydroxamic acid

Indexed keywords

ANTIOXIDANT; CAFFEIC ACID; CAFFEOYLAMINO ACIDYLHYDROXAMIC ACID; CAFFEOYLPROLYLHYDROXAMIC ACID; DEPIGMENTING AGENT; HYDROXAMIC ACID; MONOPHENOL MONOOXYGENASE; UNCLASSIFIED DRUG;

ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY; ARTICLE; BIOASSAY; DRUG EFFECT; DRUG MECHANISM; ENZYME INHIBITION; MELANOGENESIS;

AGARICALES; AMINO ACIDS; ANTIOXIDANTS; CAFFEIC ACIDS; DOSE-RESPONSE RELATIONSHIP, DRUG; ENZYME INHIBITORS; HYDROXAMIC ACIDS; LIPID PEROXIDATION; MONOPHENOL MONOOXYGENASE; SKIN PIGMENTATION; STRUCTURE-ACTIVITY RELATIONSHIP;

EID: 80051923029     PISSN: 0960894X     EISSN: 14643405     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2011.07.064     Document Type: Article

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16. 2 and thiocyanate and reached maximum. Each assay was performed in triplicate and repeated three times. The absorbance of the control was repeated five times.
17. Mushroom tyrosinase activity test: To evaluate direct tyrosinase activity, mushroom tyrosinase activity test was performed. Phosphate buffer (0.1 M, 250 μL, pH 6.8), 250 μL of 10 mM l-DOPA, 25 μL of inhibitor (50 μM) and 200 μL of water were mixed together in an Eppendorf tube (1.5 mL-volume). The reference solution was prepared with 25 μL of water instead of inhibitor. After adding 25 μL of mushroom tyrosinase aqueous solution (10 μg/mL), the reaction mixture was incubated at 37 °C for 10 min, then immediately cooled down in an ice bath for 5 min. The UV absorbance of the reaction mixture was measured at 475 nm. The percentage of mushroom tyrosinase activity was calculated by following equation: % Mushroom tyrosinase activity = B/A × 100 (A: absorbance of reference solution; B: absorbance of test sample solution). Each experiment was performed in triplicate and averaged.
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20. -1. The molar ratio of CA-Pro-NHOH to copper(II) was approximately 1 (0.9-1.0), as analyzed by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer (ICP-AES).
21. Crystal violet assay: Cell viability was determined using a crystal violet assay (Dooley et al., 1994). After incubation with the samples for 24 h, culture media were removed and replaced with 0.1% crystal violet in 10% ethanol. Mel-Ab cells were then stained for 5 min at room temperature and rinsed four times. The crystal violet retained by adherent cells was then extracted with 95% ethanol, and absorbance was determined at 590 nm using an ELISA reader (TECAN, Salzburg, Austria). Each experiment was performed in triplicate and averaged.
22. 2. Effects of the inhibitors on melanin formation in Mel-Ab cell line were estimated. When the samples were treated at the concentrations up to 200 μM for four days, the inhibitors-treated cells produced much less amount of melanin than the cells without inhibitors. The treated cells were then dissolved in 1 mL of 1 N NaOH at 100 °C for 30 min and centrifuged for 20 min at 16,000 g, after which the optical densities of the supernatants were measured at 400 nm using an ELISA reader. Each experiment was performed in triplicate and averaged.