Unconscious activation of task sets

Consciousness and Cognition

Volumn 20, Issue 3, 2011, Pages 556-567

  Reuss, Heiko ^a   Kiesel, Andrea ^a   Kunde, Wilfried ^a   Hommel, Bernhard ^b  

^a UNIVERSITY OF WÜRZBURG   (Germany)

^b LEIDEN UNIVERSITY   (Netherlands)

Author keywords

Cognitive control; Executive functions; Subliminal priming; Task set; Task switching; Unconscious processing

Indexed keywords

ADULT; ARTICLE; ASSOCIATION; COGNITION; DECISION MAKING; EGO DEVELOPMENT; FEMALE; HUMAN; HUMAN EXPERIMENT; MALE; NORMAL HUMAN; PERCEPTION; STIMULUS RESPONSE; TASK PERFORMANCE;

COGNITION; CUES; FEMALE; HUMANS; MALE; PHOTIC STIMULATION; PSYCHOMOTOR PERFORMANCE; REACTION TIME; UNCONSCIOUS (PSYCHOLOGY); YOUNG ADULT;

EID: 80051664368     PISSN: 10538100     EISSN: 10902376     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.concog.2011.02.014     Document Type: Article

References (61)

1. Altmann E.M. Advance preparation in task switching - What work is being done?. Psychological Science 2004, 15:616-622.
2. Arrington C.M., Logan G.D. Episodic and semantic components of the compound-stimulus strategy in the explicit task-cuing procedure. Memory & Cognition 2004, 32:965-978.
3. Arrington C.M., Logan G.D. The cost of a voluntary task switch. Psychological Science 2004, 15:610-615.
4. Arrington C.M., Logan G.D. Voluntary task switching: Chasing the elusive homunculus. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2005, 31:683-702.
5. Bodner G.E., Dypvik A.T. Masked priming of number judgments depends on prime validity and task. Memory & Cognition 2005, 33:29-47.
6. Bodner G.E., Masson M.E.J. Beyond spreading activation: An influence of relatedness proportion on masked semantic priming. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2003, 10:645-652.
7. Bodner G.E., Mulji R. Masked priming of fixed and free-choice responses. Experimental Psychology 2010, 57:360-366.
8. Breitmeyer B.G. Visual masking: An integrative approach 1984, Oxford University Press, New York.
9. Dehaene S., Naccache L. Towards a cognitive neuroscience of consciousness: Basic evidence and a workspace framework. Cognition 2001, 79:1-37.
10. Dehaene S., Naccache L., Le Clec'H G., Koechlin E., Mueller M., Dehaene-Lambertz G., et al. Imaging unconscious semantic priming. Nature 1998, 395:597-600.
11. Draine S.C., Greenwald A.G. Replicable unconscious semantic priming. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1998, 127:286-303.
12. Forstmann B.U., Brass M., Koch I. Methodological and empirical issues when dissociating cue-related from task-related processes in the explicit task-cuing procedure. Psychological Research 2007, 71:393-400.
13. Forstmann B.U., Brass M., Koch I., Von Cramon B.Y. Internally generated and directly cued task sets: An investigation with fMRI. Neuropsychologia 2005, 43:943-952.
14. Forstmann B.U., Brass M., Koch I., Von Cramon B.Y. Voluntary selection of task sets revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging. Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 2006, 18:388-398.
15. Gollan T.H., Ferreira V.S. Should I stay or should I switch? A cost-benefit analysis of voluntary language switching in young and aging bilinguals. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2009, 35:640-665.
16. Gotler A., Meiran N., Tzelgov J. Nonintentional task set activation: Evidence from implicit task sequence learning. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2003, 10:890-896.
17. Greenwald A.G., Draine S.C., Abrams R.L. Three cognitive markers of unconscious semantic activation. Science 1996, 273:1699-1702.
18. Greenwald A.G., Klinger M.R., Schuh E.S. Activation by marginally perceptible (" subliminal" ) stimuli: Dissociation of unconscious from conscious cognition. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1995, 124:22-42.
19. Hoffmann J., Kiesel A., Sebald A. Task switches under Go/NoGo conditions and the decomposition of switch costs. European Journal of Cognitive Psychology 2003, 15:101-128.
20. Hommel B. Consciousness and control: Not identical twins. Journal of Consciousness Studies 2007, 14:155-176.
21. Hughes G., Velmans M., De Fockert J.D. Unconscious priming of a no-go response. Psychophysiology 2009, 46:1258-1269.
22. Jack A.I., Shallice T. Introspective physicalism as an approach to the science of consciousness. Cognition 2001, 79:161-196.
23. Kiesel A., Kunde W., Hoffmann J. Evidence for task-specific resolution of response conflict. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2006, 13:800-806.
24. Kiesel A., Kunde W., Hoffmann J. Mechanisms of subliminal response priming. Advances in Cognitive Psychology 2007, 3:307-315.
25. Kiesel A., Steinhauser M., Wendt M., Falkenstein M., Jost K., Phillip A., et al. Control and interference in task switching-A review. Psychological Bulletin 2010, 136:849-874.
26. Kiesel A., Wagener A., Kunde W., Hoffmann J., Fallgatter A., Stöcker C. Unconscious manipulation of free choice in humans. Consciousness and Cognition 2006, 15:397-408.
27. Klotz W., Neumann O. Motor activation without conscious discrimination in metacontrast masking. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1999, 25:976-992.
28. Koch I. Automatic and intentional activation of task sets. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2001, 27:1474.
29. Koch I., Allport A. Cue-based preparation and stimulus-based priming of tasks in task switching. Memory & Cognition 2006, 34:433-444.
30. Kouider S., Dehaene S. Levels of processing during non-conscious perception: A critical review of visual masking. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society B 2007, 362:857-875.
31. Kunde W. Response priming by supraliminal and subliminal action effects. Psychological Research 2004, 68:91-96.
32. Kunde W., Kiesel A., Hoffmann J. Conscious control over the content of unconscious cognition. Cognition 2003, 88:223-242.
33. Kunde W., Kiesel A., Hoffmann J. On the masking and disclosure of unconscious elaborate processing. A reply to Van Opstal, Reynvoet, and Verguts. Cognition 2005, 97:99-105.
34. Lau H.C., Passingham R.E. Unconscious activation of the cognitive control system in the human prefrontal cortex. Journal of Neuroscience 2007, 27:5805-5811.
35. Logan G.D., Bundesen C. Clever homunculus: Is there an endogenous act of control in the explicit task-cuing procedure?. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2003, 29:575-599.
36. Logan G.D., Bundesen C. Very clever homunculus: Compound stimulus strategies for the explicit task-cuing procedure. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2004, 11:832-840.
37. Logan G.D., Schneider D.W. Priming or executive control? Associative priming of cue encoding increases " switch costs" in the explicit task-cuing procedure. Memory & Cognition 2006, 34:1250-1259.
38. Mattler U. Priming of mental operations by masked stimuli. Perception & Psychophysics 2003, 65:167-187.
39. Mattler U. Inhibition and decay of motor and nonmotor priming. Perception & Psychophysics 2005, 67:285-300.
40. Mattler U. On the locus of priming and inverse priming effects. Perception & Psychophysics 2006, 68:975-991.
41. Mattler U. Inverse target- and cue-priming effects of masked stimuli. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2007, 33:83-102.
42. Mayr U., Bell T. On how to be unpredictable: Evidence from the voluntary task-switching paradigm. Psychological Science 2006, 17:774-780.
43. Mayr U., Kliegl R. Task-set switching and long-term memory retrieval. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2000, 26:1124-1140.
44. Meiran N. Reconfiguration of processing mode prior to task performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 1996, 22:1423-1442.
45. Meyer D.E., Kieras D.E. Precis to a practical unified theory of cognition and action: Some lessons from computational modeling of human multiple-task performance. Attention and performance. XVII: Cognitive regulation of performance. Interaction of theory and application 1999, 17-88. MIT Press, Cambridge, MA. D. Gopher, A. Koriat (Eds.).
46. Monsell S. Control of mental processes. Unsolved mysteries of the mind 1996, 93-148. Erlbaum, Hove, England. V. Bruce (Ed.).
47. Pohl C., Kiesel A., Kunde W., Hoffmann J. Early and late selection in unconscious information processing. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2010, 36:368-385.
48. Rogers R.D., Monsell S. Costs of a predictable switch between simple cognitive tasks. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 1995, 124:207-231.
49. Rubinstein J.S., Meyer D.E., Evans J.E. Executive control of cognitive processes in task switching. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2001, 27:763-797.
50. Rushworth M.F.S., Hadland K.A., Paus T., Sipila P.K. Role of the human medial frontal cortex in task switching: A combined fMRI and TMS study. Journal of Neurophysiology 2002, 87:2577-2592.
51. Scharlau I., Ansorge U. Direct parameter specification of an attention shift: Evidence from perceptual latency priming. Vision Research 2003, 43:1351-1363.
52. Scharlau I., Neumann O. Perceptual latency priming by masked and unmasked stimuli: Evidence for an attentional interpretation. Psychological Research 2003, 67:184-196.
53. Schlaghecken F., Eimer M. Masked prime stimuli can bias " free" choices between response alternatives. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review 2004, 11:463-468.
54. Schneider D.W., Logan G.D. Modeling task switching without switching tasks: A short-term priming account of explicitly cued performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: General 2005, 134:343-367.
55. Schneider D.W., Logan G.D. Task switching versus cue switching: Using transition cuing to disentangle sequential effects in task-switching performance. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2007, 33:370-378.
56. Smith E.E., Jonides J. Storage and executive processes in the frontal lobes. Science 1999, 283:1657-1661.
57. Sudevan P., Taylor D.A. The cuing and priming of cognitive operations. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 1987, 13:89-103.
58. van Gaal S., Ridderinkhof K.R., Fahrenfort J.J., Scholte H.S., Lamme V.A.F. Frontal cortex mediates unconsciously triggered inhibitory control. Journal of Neuroscience 2008, 28:8053-8062.
59. van Gaal S., Ridderinkhof K.R., van den Wildenberg W.P.M., Lamme V.A.F. Dissociating consciousness from inhibitory control: Evidence for unconsciously triggered response inhibition in the stop-signal task. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Perception and Performance 2009, 35:1129-1139.
60. Vorberg D., Mattler U., Heinecke A., Schmidt T., Schwarzbach J. Different time courses for visual perception and action priming. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America 2003, 100:6275-6280.
61. Yeung N. Bottom-up influences on voluntary task switching: The elusive homunculus escapes. Journal of Experimental Psychology: Learning, Memory, and Cognition 2010, 36:348-362.