메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 26, Issue 4, 2011, Pages 496-512

The relation of violence exposure and ethnicity to intelligence and verbal-performance discrepancies in incarcerated male adolescents

Author keywords

Adolescent development; Child maltreatment; Intellectual disability; Interpersonal violence exposure; Racial bias

Indexed keywords

ADAPTIVE BEHAVIOR; ADOLESCENT; ADULT; AFRICAN AMERICAN; AGGRESSION; ARTICLE; CRIME; ETHNIC GROUP; HUMAN; INCIDENCE; INTELLIGENCE; JUVENILE DELINQUENCY; LEGAL ASPECT; MALE; PERSONALITY TEST; PRISONER; PSYCHOLOGICAL ASPECT; STATISTICS; VIOLENCE;

EID: 80051645724     PISSN: 08866708     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1891/0886-6708.26.4.496     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (4)

References (61)
  • 1
    • 34247481407 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Sociocultural correlates of disciplinary exclusion among students with emotional, behavioral, and learning disabilities in the SEELS national dataset
    • Achilles G M, Mclaughlin M J, Croninger R G. Sociocultural correlates of disciplinary exclusion among students with emotional, behavioral, and learning disabilities in the SEELS national dataset. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders 2007, 15(1):33-45.
    • (2007) Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders , vol.15 , Issue.1 , pp. 33-45
    • Achilles, G.M.1    Mclaughlin, M.J.2    Croninger, R.G.3
  • 3
    • 58149305484 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Preliminary evidence for white matter tract abnormalities in young adults exposed to parental verbal abuse
    • Choi J, Jeong B, Rohan M L, Polcari A M, Teicher M H. Preliminary evidence for white matter tract abnormalities in young adults exposed to parental verbal abuse. Biological Psychiatry 2009, 65(3):227-234.
    • (2009) Biological Psychiatry , vol.65 , Issue.3 , pp. 227-234
    • Choi, J.1    Jeong, B.2    Rohan, M.L.3    Polcari, A.M.4    Teicher, M.H.5
  • 4
    • 22444440576 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • People with an intellectual disability in the prisons
    • Cockram J. People with an intellectual disability in the prisons. Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law 2005, 12(1):163-173.
    • (2005) Psychiatry, Psychology, and Law , vol.12 , Issue.1 , pp. 163-173
    • Cockram, J.1
  • 5
    • 0011615915 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A comparison of eligibility criteria and their impact on minority representation in LD programs
    • Colarusso R P, Keel M C, Dangel H L. A comparison of eligibility criteria and their impact on minority representation in LD programs. Learning Disabilities Research & Practice 2001, 16(1):1-7.
    • (2001) Learning Disabilities Research & Practice , vol.16 , Issue.1 , pp. 1-7
    • Colarusso, R.P.1    Keel, M.C.2    Dangel, H.L.3
  • 6
    • 0026629023 scopus 로고
    • The PIQ greater than VIQ discrepancy in violent and nonviolent delinquents
    • Cornell D G, Wilson L A. The PIQ greater than VIQ discrepancy in violent and nonviolent delinquents. Journal of Clinical Psychology 1992, 48(2):256-261.
    • (1992) Journal of Clinical Psychology , vol.48 , Issue.2 , pp. 256-261
    • Cornell, D.G.1    Wilson, L.A.2
  • 7
    • 0034986973 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Outcomes of child sexual contacts: Patterns of incarcerations from a national sample
    • Curtis Jr R L, Leung P, Sullivan E, Eschbach K, Stinson M. Outcomes of child sexual contacts: Patterns of incarcerations from a national sample. Child Abuse & Neglect 2001, 25(5):719-736.
    • (2001) Child Abuse & Neglect , vol.25 , Issue.5 , pp. 719-736
    • Curtis, Jr.R.L.1    Leung, P.2    Sullivan, E.3    Eschbach, K.4    Stinson, M.5
  • 8
    • 49649085230 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of intellectual disabilities among 12,000 prisoners - a systematic review
    • Fazel S, Xenitidis K, Powell J. The prevalence of intellectual disabilities among 12,000 prisoners - a systematic review. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 2008, 31(4):369-373.
    • (2008) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry , vol.31 , Issue.4 , pp. 369-373
    • Fazel, S.1    Xenitidis, K.2    Powell, J.3
  • 9
    • 77953006046 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Skin conductance reactivity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia among maltreated and comparison youth: Relations with aggressive behavior
    • Gordis E B, Feres N, Olezeski C L, Rabkin A N, Trickett P K. Skin conductance reactivity and respiratory sinus arrhythmia among maltreated and comparison youth: Relations with aggressive behavior. Journal of Pediatric Psychology 2010, 35(5):547-558.
    • (2010) Journal of Pediatric Psychology , vol.35 , Issue.5 , pp. 547-558
    • Gordis, E.B.1    Feres, N.2    Olezeski, C.L.3    Rabkin, A.N.4    Trickett, P.K.5
  • 10
    • 77951204087 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Traumatic events and maternal education as predictors of verbal ability for preschool children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV)
    • 10.1007/s10896-009-9299-3
    • Graham-Bermann S A, Howell K H, Miller L E, Kwek J, Lilly M. Traumatic events and maternal education as predictors of verbal ability for preschool children exposed to intimate partner violence (IPV). Journal of Family Violence 2010, 25(4):383-392. 10.1007/s10896-009-9299-3.
    • (2010) Journal of Family Violence , vol.25 , Issue.4 , pp. 383-392
    • Graham-Bermann, S.A.1    Howell, K.H.2    Miller, L.E.3    Kwek, J.4    Lilly, M.5
  • 11
    • 0033400102 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paths between childhood emotional and other maltreatment and psychiatric problems in criminal offenders
    • Haapasalo J, Virtanen T. Paths between childhood emotional and other maltreatment and psychiatric problems in criminal offenders. Journal of Emotional Abuse 1999, 1(4):15-35.
    • (1999) Journal of Emotional Abuse , vol.1 , Issue.4 , pp. 15-35
    • Haapasalo, J.1    Virtanen, T.2
  • 12
    • 34548407387 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of intellectual disability in a major UK prison
    • 10.1111/j.1468-3156.2007.00461.x
    • Hayes S, Shackell P, Mottram P, Lancaster R. The prevalence of intellectual disability in a major UK prison. British Journal of Learning Disabilities 2007, 35(3):162-167. 10.1111/j.1468-3156.2007.00461.x.
    • (2007) British Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 162-167
    • Hayes, S.1    Shackell, P.2    Mottram, P.3    Lancaster, R.4
  • 15
    • 58649107645 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Interpersonal partner violence and women in the United States: An verview of prevalence rates, psychiatric correlates and consequences and barriers to help seeking
    • Hien D, Ruglass L. Interpersonal partner violence and women in the United States: An verview of prevalence rates, psychiatric correlates and consequences and barriers to help seeking. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 2009, 32(1):48-55.
    • (2009) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 48-55
    • Hien, D.1    Ruglass, L.2
  • 16
    • 0036580490 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Prevalence of criminal offending by men and women with intellectual disability and the characteristics of offenders: Implications for research and service development
    • Holland T, Clare I C, Mukhopadhyay T. Prevalence of criminal offending by men and women with intellectual disability and the characteristics of offenders: Implications for research and service development. Journal of Intellectual Disability Research 2002, 46(Suppl. 1):6-20.
    • (2002) Journal of Intellectual Disability Research , vol.46 , Issue.SUPPL. 1 , pp. 6-20
    • Holland, T.1    Clare, I.C.2    Mukhopadhyay, T.3
  • 17
    • 0010186348 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Predictors of restrictiveness of placement for African-American and Caucasian students
    • Hosp J L, Reschly D J. Predictors of restrictiveness of placement for African-American and Caucasian students. Exceptional Children 2002, 68(2):225-238.
    • (2002) Exceptional Children , vol.68 , Issue.2 , pp. 225-238
    • Hosp, J.L.1    Reschly, D.J.2
  • 18
    • 34250832953 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Child maltreatment, revictimization, and violent behavior
    • Hosser D, Raddatz S, Windzio M. Child maltreatment, revictimization, and violent behavior. Violence and Victims 2007, 22(3):318-333.
    • (2007) Violence and Victims , vol.22 , Issue.3 , pp. 318-333
    • Hosser, D.1    Raddatz, S.2    Windzio, M.3
  • 19
    • 0019488425 scopus 로고
    • Magnitude and direction of WISC-R verbal-performance IQ discrepancies among adjudicated male delinquents
    • Hubble L M, Groff M G. Magnitude and direction of WISC-R verbal-performance IQ discrepancies among adjudicated male delinquents. Journal of Youth and Adolescence 1981, 10(2):179-184.
    • (1981) Journal of Youth and Adolescence , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 179-184
    • Hubble, L.M.1    Groff, M.G.2
  • 20
    • 0042008113 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Cross-type recidivism among child maltreatment victims and perpetrators
    • Jonson-Reid M, Drake B, Chung S, Way I. Cross-type recidivism among child maltreatment victims and perpetrators. Child Abuse & Neglect 2003, 27(8):899-917.
    • (2003) Child Abuse & Neglect , vol.27 , Issue.8 , pp. 899-917
    • Jonson-Reid, M.1    Drake, B.2    Chung, S.3    Way, I.4
  • 21
    • 85047700462 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent sexual offenders: Incidence of childhood maltreatment, serious emotional disturbance, and prior offenses
    • Jonson-Reid M, Way I. Adolescent sexual offenders: Incidence of childhood maltreatment, serious emotional disturbance, and prior offenses. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 2001, 71(1):120-130.
    • (2001) American Journal of Orthopsychiatry , vol.71 , Issue.1 , pp. 120-130
    • Jonson-Reid, M.1    Way, I.2
  • 23
    • 14144250493 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Why child maltreatment researchers should include children's disability status in their maltreatment studies
    • Kendall-Tackett K, Lyon T, Taliaferro G, Little L. Why child maltreatment researchers should include children's disability status in their maltreatment studies. Child Abuse & Neglect 2005, 29(2):147-151.
    • (2005) Child Abuse & Neglect , vol.29 , Issue.2 , pp. 147-151
    • Kendall-Tackett, K.1    Lyon, T.2    Taliaferro, G.3    Little, L.4
  • 25
    • 84970410960 scopus 로고
    • Education services for youth with disabilities in a state-operated juvenile correctional system: Case study and analysis
    • Leone P E. Education services for youth with disabilities in a state-operated juvenile correctional system: Case study and analysis. The Journal of Special Education 1994, 28(1):43-58.
    • (1994) The Journal of Special Education , vol.28 , Issue.1 , pp. 43-58
    • Leone, P.E.1
  • 27
    • 0035460736 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Multiple maltreatment, attribution of blame, and adjustment among adolescents
    • McGee R, Wolfe D, Olson J. Multiple maltreatment, attribution of blame, and adjustment among adolescents. Development and Psychopathology 2001, 13(4):827-846.
    • (2001) Development and Psychopathology , vol.13 , Issue.4 , pp. 827-846
    • McGee, R.1    Wolfe, D.2    Olson, J.3
  • 28
    • 77952505314 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment exhibit atypical EEG coherence and psychiatric impairment: Linking early adversity, the brain, and psychopathology
    • Miskovic V, Schmidt L A, Georgiades K, Boyle M, Macmillan H L. Adolescent females exposed to child maltreatment exhibit atypical EEG coherence and psychiatric impairment: Linking early adversity, the brain, and psychopathology. Development and Psychopathology 2010, 22(2):419-432.
    • (2010) Development and Psychopathology , vol.22 , Issue.2 , pp. 419-432
    • Miskovic, V.1    Schmidt, L.A.2    Georgiades, K.3    Boyle, M.4    Macmillan, H.L.5
  • 29
    • 62949145451 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Risk factors for learning-related behavior problems at 24 months of age: Population-based estimates
    • Morgan P L, Farkas G, Hillemeier M M, Maczuga S. Risk factors for learning-related behavior problems at 24 months of age: Population-based estimates. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 2009, 37(3):401-413.
    • (2009) Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology , vol.37 , Issue.3 , pp. 401-413
    • Morgan, P.L.1    Farkas, G.2    Hillemeier, M.M.3    Maczuga, S.4
  • 30
    • 25444493585 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exposure to violence and cardiovascular and neuroendocrine measures in adolescents
    • Murali R, Chen E. Exposure to violence and cardiovascular and neuroendocrine measures in adolescents. Annals of Behavioral Medicine 2005, 30(2):155-163.
    • (2005) Annals of Behavioral Medicine , vol.30 , Issue.2 , pp. 155-163
    • Murali, R.1    Chen, E.2
  • 31
    • 0028941251 scopus 로고
    • The administrative prevalence of mental retardation in 10-year-old children in metropolitan Atlanta, 1985 through 1987
    • Murphy C C, Yeargin-Allsopp M, Decouflé P, Drews C D. The administrative prevalence of mental retardation in 10-year-old children in metropolitan Atlanta, 1985 through 1987. American Journal of Public Health 1995, 85(3):319-323.
    • (1995) American Journal of Public Health , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 319-323
    • Murphy, C.C.1    Yeargin-Allsopp, M.2    Decouflé, P.3    Drews, C.D.4
  • 32
    • 84970479213 scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of handicapping conditions among juvenile delinquents
    • Murphy D M. The prevalence of handicapping conditions among juvenile delinquents. Remedial & Special Education 1986, 7(3):7-17.
    • (1986) Remedial & Special Education , vol.7 , Issue.3 , pp. 7-17
    • Murphy, D.M.1
  • 34
    • 47249163838 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Neuroendocrine regulation and physical and relational aggression: The moderating roles of child maltreatment and gender
    • Murray-Close D, Han G, Cicchetti D, Crick N R, Rogosch F A. Neuroendocrine regulation and physical and relational aggression: The moderating roles of child maltreatment and gender. Developmental Psychology 2008, 44(4):1160-1176.
    • (2008) Developmental Psychology , vol.44 , Issue.4 , pp. 1160-1176
    • Murray-Close, D.1    Han, G.2    Cicchetti, D.3    Crick, N.R.4    Rogosch, F.A.5
  • 35
    • 76749099857 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Biological sensitivity to context: The interactive effects of stress reactivity and family adversity on socioemotional behavior and school readiness
    • Obradović J, Bush N R, Stamperdahl J, Adler N E, Boyce W T. Biological sensitivity to context: The interactive effects of stress reactivity and family adversity on socioemotional behavior and school readiness. Child Development 2010, 81(1):270-289.
    • (2010) Child Development , vol.81 , Issue.1 , pp. 270-289
    • Obradović, J.1    Bush, N.R.2    Stamperdahl, J.3    Adler, N.E.4    Boyce, W.T.5
  • 38
    • 0032280523 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The other half of the story: Children with sexual behavior problems
    • Pithers W D, Gray A. The other half of the story: Children with sexual behavior problems. Psychology, Public Policy, and Law 1998, 4(1-2):200-217.
    • (1998) Psychology, Public Policy, and Law , vol.4 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 200-217
    • Pithers, W.D.1    Gray, A.2
  • 40
    • 69849088385 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of violence and relation to depression and illicit drug use among incarcerated women in Recife, Brazil
    • Reed E, Raj A, Falbo G, Caminha F, Decker M R, Kaliel D C, et al. The prevalence of violence and relation to depression and illicit drug use among incarcerated women in Recife, Brazil. International Journal of Law and Psychiatry 2009, 32(5):323-328.
    • (2009) International Journal of Law and Psychiatry , vol.32 , Issue.5 , pp. 323-328
    • Reed, E.1    Raj, A.2    Falbo, G.3    Caminha, F.4    Decker, M.R.5    Kaliel, D.C.6
  • 41
    • 34548321265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Intimate partner violence, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder as additional predictors of low birth weight infants among low-income mothers
    • Rosen D, Seng J S, Tolman R M, Mallinger G. Intimate partner violence, depression, and posttraumatic stress disorder as additional predictors of low birth weight infants among low-income mothers. Journal of Interpersonal Violence 2007, 22(10):1305-1314.
    • (2007) Journal of Interpersonal Violence , vol.22 , Issue.10 , pp. 1305-1314
    • Rosen, D.1    Seng, J.S.2    Tolman, R.M.3    Mallinger, G.4
  • 42
    • 70649114595 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • School-age special education outcomes of infants and toddlers investigated for maltreatment
    • Scarborough A A, McCrae J S. School-age special education outcomes of infants and toddlers investigated for maltreatment. Children and Youth Services Review 2010, 32(1):80-88.
    • (2010) Children and Youth Services Review , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 80-88
    • Scarborough, A.A.1    McCrae, J.S.2
  • 43
    • 65749102682 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Early life stress on brain structure and function across the lifespan: A preliminary study
    • 10.1007/s11682-007-9015-y
    • Seckfort D L, Paul R, Grieve S M, Vandenberg B, Bryant R A, Williams L M, et al. Early life stress on brain structure and function across the lifespan: A preliminary study. Brain Imaging and Behavior 2008, 2(1):49-58. 10.1007/s11682-007-9015-y.
    • (2008) Brain Imaging and Behavior , vol.2 , Issue.1 , pp. 49-58
    • Seckfort, D.L.1    Paul, R.2    Grieve, S.M.3    Vandenberg, B.4    Bryant, R.A.5    Williams, L.M.6
  • 44
    • 33746436204 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Disparate access: The disproportionality of African American students with disabilities across educational environments
    • Skiba R J, Poloni-Staudinger L, Gallini S, Simmons A B, Feggins-Azziz R. Disparate access: The disproportionality of African American students with disabilities across educational environments. Exceptional Children 2006, 72(4):411-424.
    • (2006) Exceptional Children , vol.72 , Issue.4 , pp. 411-424
    • Skiba, R.J.1    Poloni-Staudinger, L.2    Gallini, S.3    Simmons, A.B.4    Feggins-Azziz, R.5
  • 45
    • 33749605432 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Adolescent girls' offending and health-risking sexual behavior: The predictive role of trauma
    • Smith D K, Leve L D, Chamberlain P. Adolescent girls' offending and health-risking sexual behavior: The predictive role of trauma. Child Maltreatment 2006, 11(4):346-353.
    • (2006) Child Maltreatment , vol.11 , Issue.4 , pp. 346-353
    • Smith, D.K.1    Leve, L.D.2    Chamberlain, P.3
  • 46
    • 13844268831 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Washington, DC, National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education
    • Snyder T D, Dillow S A. Digest of Education Statistics, 2009 (NCES 2010-013, Table 50) 2010, Washington, DC, National Center for Education Statistics, Institute of Education Sciences, U.S. Department of Education.
    • (2010) Digest of Education Statistics, 2009 (NCES 2010-013, Table 50)
    • Snyder, T.D.1    Dillow, S.A.2
  • 47
    • 3042621690 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Exceptionality, education, and maltreatment
    • Sobsey D. Exceptionality, education, and maltreatment. Exceptionality 2002, 10(1):29-46.
    • (2002) Exceptionality , vol.10 , Issue.1 , pp. 29-46
    • Sobsey, D.1
  • 48
    • 34948909974 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Marital stability and marital satisfaction in families of children with disabilities: Chicken or egg?
    • Sobsey D. Marital stability and marital satisfaction in families of children with disabilities: Chicken or egg?. Developmental Disabilities Bulletin 2004, 32(1):62-83.
    • (2004) Developmental Disabilities Bulletin , vol.32 , Issue.1 , pp. 62-83
    • Sobsey, D.1
  • 49
    • 0030840734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Gender differences in abused children with and without disabilities
    • Sobsey D, Randall W, Parrila R K. Gender differences in abused children with and without disabilities. Child Abuse & Neglect 1997, 21(8):707-720.
    • (1997) Child Abuse & Neglect , vol.21 , Issue.8 , pp. 707-720
    • Sobsey, D.1    Randall, W.2    Parrila, R.K.3
  • 50
    • 0642372508 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Effects of a child with a craniofacial anomaly on stability of the parental relationship
    • St John D, Pai L, Belfer M L, Mulliken J B. Effects of a child with a craniofacial anomaly on stability of the parental relationship. Journal of Craniofacial Surgery 2003, 14(5):704-708.
    • (2003) Journal of Craniofacial Surgery , vol.14 , Issue.5 , pp. 704-708
    • St.John, D.1    Pai, L.2    Belfer, M.L.3    Mulliken, J.B.4
  • 52
    • 0033839935 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Maltreatment and disabilities: A population-based epidemiological study
    • Sullivan P M, Knutson J F. Maltreatment and disabilities: A population-based epidemiological study. Child Abuse & Neglect 2000a, 24(10):1257-1273.
    • (2000) Child Abuse & Neglect , vol.24 , Issue.10 , pp. 1257-1273
    • Sullivan, P.M.1    Knutson, J.F.2
  • 53
    • 0033839335 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The prevalence of disabilities and maltreatment among runaway children
    • Sullivan P M, Knutson J F. The prevalence of disabilities and maltreatment among runaway children. Child Abuse & Neglect 2000b, 24(10):1275-1288.
    • (2000) Child Abuse & Neglect , vol.24 , Issue.10 , pp. 1275-1288
    • Sullivan, P.M.1    Knutson, J.F.2
  • 54
    • 33749324210 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Concordance between self-reported maltreatment and court records of abuse or neglect among high-risk youths
    • Swahn M H, Whitaker D J, Pippen C B, Leeb R T, Teplin L A, Abram K M, et al. Concordance between self-reported maltreatment and court records of abuse or neglect among high-risk youths. American Journal of Public Health 2006, 96(10):1849-1853.
    • (2006) American Journal of Public Health , vol.96 , Issue.10 , pp. 1849-1853
    • Swahn, M.H.1    Whitaker, D.J.2    Pippen, C.B.3    Leeb, R.T.4    Teplin, L.A.5    Abram, K.M.6
  • 55
    • 34548400351 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • No one knows: Offenders with learning difficulties and learning disabilities
    • 10.1111/j.1468-3156.2007.00456.x
    • Talbot J, Riley C. No one knows: Offenders with learning difficulties and learning disabilities. British Journal of Learning Disabilities 2007, 35(3):154-161. 10.1111/j.1468-3156.2007.00456.x.
    • (2007) British Journal of Learning Disabilities , vol.35 , Issue.3 , pp. 154-161
    • Talbot, J.1    Riley, C.2
  • 56
    • 33846510318 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • A longitudinal study of psychological functioning among juvenile offenders: A latent growth model analysis
    • Wareham J, Dembo R. A longitudinal study of psychological functioning among juvenile offenders: A latent growth model analysis. Criminal Justice and Behavior 2007, 34(2):259-273.
    • (2007) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.34 , Issue.2 , pp. 259-273
    • Wareham, J.1    Dembo, R.2
  • 57
    • 84973834142 scopus 로고
    • Individuals with disabilities in the criminal justice system: A review of the literature
    • Wertlieb E C. Individuals with disabilities in the criminal justice system: A review of the literature. Criminal Justice and Behavior 1991, 18(3):332-350.
    • (1991) Criminal Justice and Behavior , vol.18 , Issue.3 , pp. 332-350
    • Wertlieb, E.C.1
  • 58
    • 54749132737 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Bullying and special education as predictors of serious delinquency
    • White N A, Loeber R. Bullying and special education as predictors of serious delinquency. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency 2008, 45(4):380-397.
    • (2008) Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency , vol.45 , Issue.4 , pp. 380-397
    • White, N.A.1    Loeber, R.2
  • 59
    • 0031409606 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Problem behaviours in abused and neglected children grown up: Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance abuse, crime, and violence
    • Widom C S, White H R. Problem behaviours in abused and neglected children grown up: Prevalence and co-occurrence of substance abuse, crime, and violence. Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health 1997, 7(4):287-310.
    • (1997) Criminal Behaviour & Mental Health , vol.7 , Issue.4 , pp. 287-310
    • Widom, C.S.1    White, H.R.2
  • 60
    • 0028925537 scopus 로고
    • Mild mental retardation in black and white children in metropolitan Atlanta: A case-control study
    • Yeargin-Allsopp M, Drews C D, Decouflé P, Murphy CC. Mild mental retardation in black and white children in metropolitan Atlanta: A case-control study. American Journal of Public Health 1995, 85(3):324-328.
    • (1995) American Journal of Public Health , vol.85 , Issue.3 , pp. 324-328
    • Yeargin-Allsopp, M.1    Drews, C.D.2    Decouflé, P.3    Murphy, C.C.4


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.