Re-radiation enhancement in polarized surface-enhanced resonant raman scattering of randomly oriented molecules on self-organized gold nanowires

ACS Nano

Volumn 5, Issue 7, 2011, Pages 5945-5956

  Fazio, Barbara ^a   D'Andrea, Cristiano ^a   Bonaccorso, Francesco ^a,d   Irrera, Alessia ^a   Calogero, Giuseppe ^a   Vasi, Cirino ^a   Gucciardi, Pietro Giuseppe ^a   Allegrini, Maria ^b   Toma, Andrea ^c,e   Chiappe, Daniele ^c   Martella, Christian ^c   Buatier De Mongeot, Francesco ^c  

^a CNR   (Italy)

^b UNIVERSITY OF PISA   (Italy)

^c UNIVERSITY OF GENOA   (Italy)

^d UNIVERSITY OF CAMBRIDGE   (United Kingdom)

^e ISTITUTO ITALIANO DI TECNOLOGIA   (Italy)

Author keywords

field enhancement; nanoantennas; nanowires; polarization effects; Raman tensor; self organization; surface enhanced Raman spectroscopy

Indexed keywords

FIELD ENHANCEMENT; NANOANTENNAS; POLARIZATION EFFECTS; RAMAN TENSOR; SELF-ORGANIZATIONS; SURFACE ENHANCED RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY;

EXPERIMENTS; MOLECULAR ORIENTATION; MOLECULES; NANOWIRES; RAMAN SCATTERING; RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY; TENSORS; WIRE;

POLARIZATION;

GOLD; NANOWIRE;

ADSORPTION; ANISOTROPY; ARTICLE; CHEMISTRY; RADIATION; RAMAN SPECTROMETRY; SURFACE PROPERTY; THEORETICAL MODEL;

ADSORPTION; ANISOTROPY; GOLD; MODELS, THEORETICAL; NANOWIRES; RADIATION; SPECTRUM ANALYSIS, RAMAN; SURFACE PROPERTIES;

EID: 79961043105     PISSN: 19360851     EISSN: 1936086X     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1021/nn201730k     Document Type: Conference Paper

References (70)

1. Mühlschlegel, P.; Eisler, H.-J.; Martin, O. J. F.; Hecht, B.; Pohl, D. W. Resonant Optical Nanoantennas Science 2005, 308, 1607-1609
2. Taminiau, T. H.; Moerland, R. J.; Segerink, F. B.; Kuipers, L.; van Hulst, N. F. λ/4 Resonance of an Optical Monopole Antenna Probed by Single Molecule Fluorescence Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 28-33 (Pubitemid 46225824)
3. Hartschuh, A.; Sánchez, E.; Xie, X.; Novotny, L. High-Resolution Near-Field Raman Microscopy of Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 90, 7-10
4. Bozhevolnyi, S. I.; Volkov, V. S.; Devaux, E.; Laluet, J. Y.; Ebbesen, T. W. Channel Plasmon Subwavelength Waveguide Components Including Interferometers and Ring Resonators Nature 2006, 440, 508-511
5. Gramotnev, D. K.; Bozhevolnyi, S. I. Plasmonics beyond the Diffraction Limit Nat. Photonics 2010, 4, 83-91
6. Fang, Y.; Li, Z.; Huang, Y.; Zhang, S.; Nordlander, P.; Halas, N. J.; Xu, H. X. Branched Silver Nanowires as Controllable Plasmon Routers Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 1950-1954
7. Neubrech, F.; Pucci, A.; Cornelius, T. W.; Karim, S.; Garcia-Etxarri, A.; Aizpurua, J. Resonant Plasmonic and Vibrational Coupling in a Tailored Nanoantenna for Infrared Detection Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 101, 157403
8. Ming, T.; Zhao, L.; Yang, Z.; Chen, H.; Sun, L.; Wang, J.; Yan, C. Strong Polarization Dependence of Plasmon-Enhanced Fluorescence on Single Gold Nanorods Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 3896-3903
9. Farahani, J. N.; Pohl, D. W.; Eisler, H. J.; Hecht, B. Single Quantum Dot Coupled to a Scanning Optical Antenna: A Tunable Superemitter Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 017402
10. Moskovitz, M. Surface-Enhanced Spectroscopy Rev. Mod. Phys. 1985, 57, 783-826
11. Kneipp, K.; Moskovits, M.; Kneipp, H. Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering; Springer: New York, 2006.
12. Le Ru, E.; Etchegoin, P. Principles of Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy; Elsevier: Amsterdam, 2009.
13. Li, Z.; Bao, K.; Fang, Y.; Nordlander, P.; Xu, H. X. Correlation between Incident and Emission Polarization in Nanowire Surface Plasmon Waveguides Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 1831-1835
14. Shegai, T.; Li, Z.; Dadosh, T.; Zhang, Z.; Xu, H.; Haran, G. Managing Light Polarization via Plasmon-Molecule Interactions within an Asymmetric Metal Nanoparticle Trimer Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2008, 105, 16448-16453
15. Li, Z. P.; Shegai, T.; Haran, G.; Xu, H. X. Multiple-Particle Nanoantennas for Enormous Enhancement and Polarization Control of Light Emission ACS Nano 2009, 3, 637-642
16. Taminiau, T. H.; Stefani, F. D.; Segerink, F. B.; van Hulst, N. F. Optical Antennas Direct Single-Molecule Emission Nat. Photonics 2008, 2, 234-237
17. Curto, A. G.; Volpe, G.; Taminiau, T. H.; Kreuzer, M. P.; Quidant, R.; van Hulst, N. F. Unidirectional Emission of a Quantum Dot Coupled to a Nanoantenna Science 2010, 329, 930-933
18. Li, Z. P.; Hao, F.; Huang, Y. Z.; Fang, Y. R.; Nordlander, P.; Xu, H. X. Directional Light Emission from Propagating Surface Plasmons of Silver Nanowires Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 4383-4386
19. Lee, S. J.; Guan, Z.; Xu, H.; Moskovits, M. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy and Nanogeometry: The Plasmonic Origin of SERS J. Phys. Chem. C 2007, 11, 17985-17988
20. Schatz, G. C.; Young, M. A.; Van Duyne, R. P. Electromagnetic Mechanism of SERS Top. Appl. Phys. 2006, 103, 19-45
21. Wokaun, A. Surface-Enhanced Electromagnetic Processes Solid State Phys. 1984, 38, 223-294
22. Hao, E.; Schatz, G. C. Electromagnetic Fields Around Silver Nanoparticles and Dimers J. Chem. Phys. 2004, 120, 357-366
23. Schnell, M.; Garcia-Etxarri, A.; Huber, A. J.; Crozier, K.; Alkorta, J.; Aizpurua, J.; Hillenbrand, R. Controlling the Near-Field Oscillations of Loaded Plasmonic Nanoantennas Nat. Photonics 2009, 3, 287-291
24. Schnell, M.; Garcia-Etxarri, A.; Alkorta, J.; Aizpurua, J.; Hillenbrand, R. Phase-Resolved Mapping of the Near-Field Vector and Polarization State in Nanoscale Antenna Gaps Nano Lett. 2010, 10, 3524-3528
25. Quin, L.; Zou, S.; Xue, C.; Atkinson, A.; Schatz, G. C.; Mirkin, C. A. Designing, Fabricating, and Imaging Raman Hot Spots Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 2006, 103, 13300-13303 (Pubitemid 44380102)
26. Garcia-Vidal, F. J.; Pendry, J. B. Collective Theory for Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Phys. Rev. Lett. 1996, 77, 1163-1166 (Pubitemid 126625640)
27. Gucciardi, P. G.; Lopes, M.; Déturche, R.; Julien, C.; Barchiesi, D.; Lamy de la Chapelle, M. Light Depolarization Induced by Metallic Tips in Apertureless Near-Field Optical Microscopy and Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Nanotechnology 2008, 19, 215702
28. Gucciardi, P.; Bonaccorso, F.; Lopes, M.; Billot, L.; De La Chapelle, M. Light Depolarization Induced by Sharp Metallic Tips and Effects on Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Thin Solid Films 2008, 516, 8064-8072
29. Merlen, A.; Valmalette, J.-C.; Gucciardi, P. G.; Lamy del la Chapelle, M.; Frigout, A.; Ossikovski, R. Depolarization Effects in Tip-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy J. Raman Spectrosc. 2009, 40, 1361-1370
30. 4 Enhancement Factor in Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Chem. Phys. Lett. 2006, 423, 63-66
31. Nagasawa, F.; Takase, M.; Nabika, H.; Murakishi, K. Polarization Characteristics of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering from a Small Number of Molecules at the Gap of a Metal Nano-Dimer Chem. Commun. 2011, 47, 4514-4516
32. 4 Approximation: Polarization Effects J. Phys. Chem. C 2008, 112, 8117-8121
33. Le Ru, E. C.; Meyer, M.; Blackie, E.; Etchegoin, P. G. Advanced Aspects of Electromagnetic SERS Enhancement Factors at a Hot Spot J. Raman Spectrosc. 2008, 39, 1127-1134
34. Nie, S. M.; Emory, S. R. Probing Single Molecules and Single Nanoparticles by Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering Science 1997, 275, 1102-1106 (Pubitemid 27097304)
35. Grand, J.; De La Chapelle, M. L.; Bijeon, J.-L.; Adam, P.-M.; Vial, A.; Royer, P. Role of Localized Surface Plasmons in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering of Shape-Controlled Metallic Particles in Regular Arrays Phys. Rev. B 2005, 73, 033407
36. Baik, J. M.; Lee, S. J.; Moskovits, M. Polarized Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy from Molecules Adsorbed in Nano-Gaps Produced by Electromigration in Silver Nanowires Nano Lett. 2009, 9, 672-679
37. Wei, H.; Hao, F.; Huang, Y.; Wang, W.; Nordlander, P.; Xu, H. X. Polarization Dependence of Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering in Gold Nanoparticle-Nanowire Systems Nano Lett. 2008, 8, 2497-2502
38. Etchegoin, P. G.; Galloway, C.; Le Ru, E. C. Polarization-Dependent Effects in Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering (SERS) Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys. 2006, 8, 2624-2628
39. Bosnick, K. A.; Jiang, J.; Brus, L. E. Fluctuations and Local Symmetry in Single-Molecule Rhodamine 6G Raman Scattering on Silver Nanocrystal Aggregates J. Phys. Chem. B 2002, 106, 8096-8099 (Pubitemid 35382914)
40. Jiang, J.; Bosnick, K. A.; Maillard, M.; Brus, L. E. Single Molecule Raman Spectroscopy at the Junctions of Large Ag Nanocrystals J. Phys. Chem. B 2003, 107, 9964-9972
41. Xu, H. X.; Käll, M. Polarization-Dependent Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Isolated Silver Nanoaggregates ChemPhysChem 2003, 4, 1001-1005
42. Brolo, A. G.; Arctander, E.; Addison, C. J. Strong Polarized Enhanced Raman Scattering via Optical Tunneling through Random Parallel Nanostructures in Au Thin Films J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 401-405 (Pubitemid 40120987)
43. Tao, A. R.; Yang, P. Polarized Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Coupled Metallic Nanowires J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 15687-15690 (Pubitemid 41321482)
44. Zhao, Y.-P.; Chaney, S. B.; Shanmukh, S.; Dluhy, R. A. Polarized Surface Enhanced Raman and Absorbance Spectra of Aligned Silver Nanorod Arrays J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 3153-3157
45. Liu, Y.; Fan, J.; Zhao, Y. -P.; Shanmukh, S.; Dluhy, R. A. Angle Dependent Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Obtained from a Ag Nanorod Array Substrate Appl. Phys. Lett. 2006, 89, 173134
46. Jeong, D. H.; Zhang, Y. X.; Moskovits, M. Polarized Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering from Aligned Silver Nanowire Rafts J. Phys. Chem. B 2004, 108, 12724-12728
47. Shegai, T. O.; Haran, G. Probing the Raman Scattering Tensors of Individual Molecules J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 2459-24561
48. McFarland, A. D.; Young, M.; Dieringer, J.; Van Duyne, R. P. Wavelength-Scanned Surface-Enhanced Raman Excitation Spectroscopy J. Phys. Chem. B 2005, 109, 11279-11285 (Pubitemid 40850467)
49. Le Ru, E. C.; Etchegoin, P. G.; Grand, J.; Felidj, N.; Aubard, J.; Levi, G.; Hohenau, A.; Krenn, J. R. Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy on Nanolithography-Prepared Substrates Curr. Appl. Phys. 2008, 8, 467-470
50. Schedin, F.; Lidorikis, E.; Lombardo, A.; Kravets, V. G.; Geim, A. K.; Grigorenko, A. N.; Novoselov, K. S.; Ferrari, A. C. Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy of Graphene ACS Nano 2010, 4, 5617-5626
51. Billot, L.; Lamy de La Chapelle, M.; Grimault, A.; Vial, A.; Barchiesi, D.; Bijeon, J.; Adam, P.; Royer, P. Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering on Gold Nanowire Arrays: Evidence of Strong Multipolar Surface Plasmon Resonance Enhancement Chem. Phys. Lett. 2006, 422, 303-307
52. Luk'yanchuk, B.; Zheludev, N. I.; Mayer, S. A.; Halas, N. J.; Nordlander, P.; Giessen, H.; Chong, C. T. The Fano Resonance in Plasmonic Nanostructures and Metamaterials Nat. Mater. 2010, 7, 707-715
53. Guillot, N.; Shen, H.; Fremaux, B.; Péron, O.; Rinnert, E.; Toury, T.; Lamy de la Chapelle, M. Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Optimization of Gold Nanocylinder Arrays: Influence of the Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance and Excitation Wavelength Appl. Phys. Lett. 2010, 97, 023113
54. Shanmukh, S.; Jones, L.; Driskell, J.; Zhao, Y.; Dluhy, R.; Tripp, R. Rapid and Sensitive Detection of Respiratory Virus Molecular Signatures Using a Silver Nanorod Array SERS Substrate Nano Lett. 2006, 6, 2630-2636 (Pubitemid 46076961)
55. Anema, J. R.; Brolo, A. G. The Use of Polarization-Dependent SERS from Scratched Gold Films To Selectively Eliminate Solution-Phase Interference Plasmonics 2007, 2, 157-162 (Pubitemid 47493638)
56. Valbusa, U.; Boragno, C.; de Mongeot, F. B. Nanostructuring by Ion Beam Mater. Sci. Eng. C 2003, 23, 201-209 (Pubitemid 36154696)
57. Toma, A.; Chiappe, D.; Šetina Batič, B.; Godec, M.; Jenko, M.; Buatier De Mongeot, F. Erosive versus Shadowing Instabilities in the Self-Organized Ion Patterning of Polycrystalline Metal Films Phys. Rev. B 2008, 78, 153406
58. Toma, A.; Chiappe, D.; Boragno, C.; de Mongeot, F. B. Self-Organized Ion-Beam Synthesis of Nanowires with Broadband Plasmonic Functionality Phys. Rev. B 2010, 81, 165436
59. Mohanty, P.; Yoon, I.; Kang, T.; Seo, K.; Varadwaj, K. S. K.; Choi, W.; Park, Q.-H.; Ahn, J. P.; Suh, Y. D.; Ihee, H. et al. Simple Vapor-Phase Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Ag Nanowires and Single-Nanowire Surface-Enhanced Raman Scattering J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 9576-9577 (Pubitemid 47237454)
60. Laurent, G.; Félidj, N.; Aubard, J.; Lévi, G.; Krenn, J.; Hohenau, A; Schider, G.; Leitner, A.; Aussenegg, F. Evidence of Multipolar Excitations in Surface Enhanced Raman Scattering Phys. Rev. B 2005, 71, 045430
61. Long, D. The Raman Effect; Wiley: New York, 2002.
62. Tognalli, N. G.; Fainstein, A.; Vericat, C.; Vela, M. E.; Salvarezza, R. C. Exploring Three-Dimensional Nanosystems with Raman Spectroscopy: Methylene Blue Adsorbed on Thiol and Sulfur Monolayers on Gold J. Phys. Chem. B 2006, 110, 354-360 (Pubitemid 43133559)
63. Nicolai, S. H. A.; Rubim, J. C. Surface-Enhanced Resonance Raman (SERR) Spectra of Methylene Blue Adsorbed on a Silver Electrode Langmuir 2003, 19, 4291-4294
64. Mahajan, S.; Cole, R. M.; Speed, J. D.; Pelfrey, S. H.; Russell, A. E.; Bartlett, P. N.; Barnett, S. M.; Baumberg, J. J. Understanding the Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy "Background" J. Phys. Chem. C 2010, 114, 7242-7250
65. Turrell, G. Analysis of Polarization Measurements in Raman Microspectroscopy J. Raman Spectrosc. 1984, 15, 103-108
66. de Mongeot, F. B.; Toma, A.; Molle, A.; Lizzit, S.; Petaccia, L.; Baraldi, A. Carbon Monoxide Dissociation on Rh Nanopyramids Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 97, 056103
67. Toma, A.; Chiappe, D.; Šetina Batič, B.; Godec, M.; Boragno, C.; Valbusa, U.; Jenko, M.; de Mongeot, F. B. Patterning Polycrystalline Thin Films by Defocused Ion Beam: The Influence of Initial Morphology on the Evolution of Self-Organized Nanostructures J. Appl. Phys. 2008, 104, 104313
68. Rost, M. J.; Quist, D. A.; Frenken, J. W. M. Grains, Growth, and Grooving Phys. Rev. Lett. 2003, 91, 026101
69. Polop, C.; Rosiepen, C.; Bleikamp, S.; Drese, R.; Mayer, J.; Dimyati, A.; Michely, T. The STM View of the Initial Stages of Polycrystalline Ag Film Formation New J. Phys. 2007, 9, 74
70. On metal nanostructures, we speak about extinction rather than absorption spectroscopy since scattering is non-negligible.