Evaluation of cytokine mRNA expression in bronchoalveolar lavage cells from horses with inflammatory airway disease

Veterinary Immunology and Immunopathology

Volumn 140, Issue 1-2, 2011, Pages 82-89

  Hughes, Kristopher J ^a   Nicolson, Lesley ^a   Da Costa, Nuno ^a   Franklin, Samantha H ^b   Allen, Katherine J ^b   Dunham, Stephen P ^a,c  

^a UNIVERSITY OF GLASGOW   (United Kingdom)

^b UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL   (United Kingdom)

^c UNIVERSITY OF NOTTINGHAM   (United Kingdom)

Author keywords

Cytokine; Horse; IAD; Inflammatory airway disease; PCR

Indexed keywords

ANTIGEN; BETA ACTIN; CYTOKINE; GAMMA INTERFERON; INTERLEUKIN 13; INTERLEUKIN 17; INTERLEUKIN 1BETA; INTERLEUKIN 2; INTERLEUKIN 23; INTERLEUKIN 4; INTERLEUKIN 8; MESSENGER RNA; TOXIC GAS; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR ALPHA;

AIRWAY OBSTRUCTION; ANIMAL EXPERIMENT; ANIMAL MODEL; ARTICLE; ASTHMA; CONTROLLED STUDY; DUST; EOSINOPHIL COUNT; FEMALE; HORSE; HYPERSENSITIVITY; INFLAMMATORY AIRWAY DISEASE; INNATE IMMUNITY; LUNG FLUID; LUNG LAVAGE; LYMPHOCYTE COUNT; MACROPHAGE; MALE; MAST CELL; MICROORGANISM; NONHUMAN; PATHOGENESIS; PROTEIN EXPRESSION; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASE; T LYMPHOCYTE; ANIMAL; ANIMAL DISEASE; BIOSYNTHESIS; ENDOSCOPY; GENETICS; HORSE DISEASE; IMMUNOLOGY; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; NEUTROPHIL; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTION POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; UPREGULATION;

EQUIDAE;

ANIMALS; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE; BRONCHOALVEOLAR LAVAGE FLUID; CYTOKINES; ENDOSCOPY; FEMALE; HORSE DISEASES; HORSES; INTERLEUKIN-1BETA; INTERLEUKIN-23; LEUKOCYTE COUNT; MALE; MAST CELLS; NEUTROPHILS; RESPIRATORY TRACT DISEASES; REVERSE TRANSCRIPTASE POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION; RNA, MESSENGER; TUMOR NECROSIS FACTOR-ALPHA; UP-REGULATION;

EID: 79960980799     PISSN: 01652427     EISSN: 18732534     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2010.11.018     Document Type: Article

References (48)

1. Ainsworth D.M., Grünig G., Matychak M.B., Young J., Wagner B., Erb H.N., Antczak D.F. Recurrent airway obstruction (RAO) in horses is characterized by IFN-gamma and IL-8 production in bronchoalveolar lavage cells. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2003, 96:83-91.
2. Ainsworth D.M., Appleton J.A., Eicker S.W., Luce R., Julia Flaminio M., Antczak D.F. The effect of strenuous exercise on mRNA concentrations of interleukin-12, interferon-gamma and interleukin-4 in equine pulmonary and peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2003, 91:61-71.
3. Ainsworth D.M., Wagner B., Franchini M., Grünig G., Erb H.N., Tan J.Y. Time-dependent alterations in gene expression of interleukin-8 in the bronchial epithelium of horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Am. J. Vet. Res. 2006, 67:669-677.
4. Ainsworth D.M., Wagner B., Erb H.N., Young J.C., Retallick D.E. Effects of in vitro exposure to hay dust on expression of interleukin-17, -23, -8, and -1beta and chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand 2 by pulmonary mononuclear cells isolated from horses chronically affected with recurrent airway disease. Am. J. Vet. Res. 2007, 68:1361-1369.
5. Bailey C.J., Reid S.W., Hodgson D.R., Rose R.J. Impact of injuries and disease on a cohort of two- and three-year-old thoroughbreds in training. Vet. Rec. 1999, 145:487-493.
6. Bedenice D., Mazan M., Hoffman A.M. Association between cough and cytology of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid and pulmonary function in horses diagnosed with inflammatory airway disease. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2008, 22:1022-1028.
7. Bowles K.S., Beadle R.E., Mouch S., Pourciau S.S., Littlefield-Chabaud M.A., Le Blanc C., Mistric L., Fermaglich D., Horohov D.W. A novel model for equine recurrent airway obstruction. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2002, 87:385-389.
8. Burrell M.H., Wood J.L., Whitwell K.E., Chanter N., Mackintosh M.E., Mumford J.A. Respiratory disease in thoroughbred horses in training: the relationships between disease and viruses, bacteria and environment. Vet. Rec. 1996, 139:308-313.
9. Clark C.K., Lester G.D., Vetro T., Rice B. Bronchoalveolar lavage in horses: effect of exercise and repeated sampling on cytology. Aust. Vet. J. 1995, 72:249-252.
10. Cordeau M.E., Joubert P., Dewachi O., Hamid Q., Lavoie J.P. IL-4, IL-5 and IFN-gamma mRNA expression in pulmonary lymphocytes in equine heaves. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2004, 97:87-96.
11. Couetil L.L. IAD: cough, poor performance, mucus in the airways - what is so important about that?. Proc. Am. Assoc. Equine Pract. 2002, 48:200-207.
12. Couetil L.L., Rosenthal F.S., DeNicola D.B., Chilcoat C.D. Clinical signs, evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and assessment of pulmonary function in horses with inflammatory respiratory disease. Am. J. Vet. Res. 2001, 62:538-546.
13. Couëtil L.L., Hoffman A.M., Hodgson J., Buechner-Maxwell V., Viel L., Wood J.L., Lavoie J.P. Inflammatory airway disease of horses. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2007, 21:356-361.
14. Davis M.S., Williams C.C., Meinkoth J.H., Malayer J.R., Royer C.M., Williamson K.K., McKenzie E.C. Influx of neutrophils and persistence of cytokine expression in airways of horses after performing exercise while breathing cold air. Am. J. Vet. Res. 2007, 68:185-189.
15. Davis M.S., Malayer J.R., Vandeventer L., Royer C.M., McKenzie E.C., Williamson K.K. Cold weather exercise and airway cytokine expression. J. Appl. Physiol. 2005, 98:2132-2136.
16. DeLuca L., Erb H.N., Young J.C., Perkins G.A., Ainsworth D.M. The effect of adding oral dexamethasone to feed alterations on the airway cell inflammatory gene expression in stabled horses affected with recurrent airway obstruction. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2008, 22:427-435.
17. Franchini M., Gill U., von Fellenberg R., Bracher V.D. Interleukin-8 concentration and neutrophil chemotactic activity in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of horses with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease following exposure to hay. Am. J. Vet. Res. 2000, 61:1369-1374.
18. Gerber V., Robinson N.E., Luethi S., Marti E., Wampfler B., Straub R. Airway inflammation and mucus in two age groups of asymptomatic well-performing sport horses. Equine Vet. J. 2003, 35:491-495.
19. Gerber V., Straub R., Marti E., Hauptman J., Herholz C., King M., Imhof A., Tahon L., Robinson N.E. Endoscopic scoring of mucus quantity and quality: observer and horse variance and relationship to inflammation, mucus viscoelasticity and volume. Equine Vet. J. 2004, 36:576-582.
20. Giguère S., Viel L., Lee E., MacKay R.J., Hernandez J., Franchini M. Cytokine induction in pulmonary airways of horses with heaves and effect of therapy with inhaled fluticasone propionate. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2002, 85:147-158.
21. Halliwell R.E., McGorum B.C., Irving P., Dixon P.M. Local and systemic antibody production in horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 1993, 38:201-215.
22. Hare J.E., Viel L. Pulmonary eosinophilia associated with increased airway responsiveness in young racing horses. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 1998, 12:163-170.
23. Hare J.E., Viel L., O'Byrne P.M., Conlon P.D. Effect of sodium cromoglycate on light racehorses with elevated metachromatic cell numbers on bronchoalveolar lavage and reduced exercise tolerance. J. Vet. Pharmacol. Ther. 1994, 17:237-244.
24. Hoffman A.M., Mazan M.R., Ellenberg S. Association between bronchoalveolar lavage cytologic features and airway reactivity in horses with a history of exercise intolerance. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1998, 59:176-181.
25. Holcombe S.J., Jackson C., Gerber V., Jefcoat A., Berney C., Eberhardt S., Robinson N.E. Stabling is associated with airway inflammation in young Arabian horses. Equine Vet. J. 2001, 33:244-249.
26. Horohov D.W., Beadle R.E., Mouch S., Pourciau S.S. Temporal regulation of cytokine mRNA expression in equine recurrent airway obstruction. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2005, 108:237-245.
27. Hughes K.J., Malikides N., Hodgson D.R., Hodgson J.L. Comparison of tracheal aspirates and bronchoalveolar lavage in racehorses: 1. Evaluation of cytological stains and the percentage of mast cells and eosinophils. Aust. Vet. J. 2003, 81:681-684.
28. Iwakura Y., Ishigame H. The IL_23/IL-17 axis in inflammation. J. Clin. Invest. 2006, 116:1218-1222.
29. Kleiber C., McGorum B.C., Horohov D.W., Pirie R.S., Zurbriggen A., Straub R. Cytokine profiles of peripheral blood and airway CD4 and CD8 T lymphocytes in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2005, 104:91-97.
30. Laan T.T., Bull S., Pirie R.S., Fink-Gremmels J. Evaluation of cytokine production by equine alveolar macrophages exposed to lipopolysaccharide, Aspergillus fumigatus, and a suspension of hay dust. Am. J. Vet. Res. 2005, 66:1584-1589.
31. Laan T.T., Bull S., Pirie R., Fink-Gremmels J. The role of alveolar macrophages in the pathogenesis of recurrent airway obstruction in horses. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2006, 20:167-174.
32. Laan T.T., Bull S., Pirie R.S., Fink-Gremmels J. The anti-inflammatory effects of IV administered clenbuterol in horses with recurrent airway obstruction. Vet. J. 2006, 171:429-437.
33. Lavoie J.P., Maghni K., Desnoyers M., Taha R., Martin J.G., Hamid Q.A. Neutrophilic airway inflammation in horses with heaves is characterized by a Th2-type cytokine profile. Am. J. Respir. Crit. Care Med. 2001, 164:1410-1413.
34. McGorum B.C., Dixon P.M. The analysis and interpretation of equine bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) cytology. Equine Vet. Educ. 1994, 6:203-209.
35. McGorum B.C., Dixon P.M., Halliwell R.E. Responses of horses affected with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease to inhalation challenges with mould antigens. Equine Vet. J. 1993, 25:261-267.
36. McNamara B., Bauer S., Lafe J. Endoscopic evaluation of exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease in association with poor performance in racing Standardbreds. J. Am. Vet. Med. Assoc. 1990, 196:443-445.
37. Malikides, N., 2003. The epidemiology of inflammatory airway disease in young Thoroughbred racehorses in Sydney, Australia. PhD thesis. University of Sydney.
38. Moore B.R., Krakowka S., Robertson J.T., Cummins J.M. Cytologic evaluation of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid obtained from standardbred racehorses with inflammatory airway disease. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1995, 56:562-567.
39. Nakajima H., Hirose K. Role of IL-23 and Th17 cells in airway inflammation in asthma. Immune Netw. 2010, 10:1-4.
40. Perkins G.A., Viel L., wagner B., Hoffman A., Erb H.N., Ainsworth D.M. Histamine bronchoprovocation does not affect bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cytology, gen expression and protein concentrations of IL-4, IL-8 and IFN-γ. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2008, 126:230-235.
41. Pirie R.S., Collie D.D., Dixon P.M., McGorum B.C. Inhaled endotoxin and organic dust particulates have synergistic proinflammatory effects in equine heaves (organic dust-induced asthma). Clin. Exp. Allergy 2003, 33:676-683.
42. Riihimäki M., Lilliehöök I., Raine A., Berg M., Pringle J. Clinical alterations and mRNA levels of IL-4 and IL-5 in bronchoalveolar cells of horses with transient pulmonary eosinophilia. Res. Vet. Sci. 2008, 85:52-55.
43. Robinson N.E., Hoffman A. Inflammatory airway disease: defining the syndrome. Conclusions of the Havemeyer workshop. Equine Vet. Educ. 2003, 15:61-63.
44. Ryhner T., Müller N., Balmer V., Gerber V. Increased mucus accumulation in horses chronically affected with recurrent airway obstruction is not associated with up-regulation of CLCA1, EGFR, MUC5AC, Bcl-2, IL-13 and INF-gamma expression. Vet. Immunol. Immunopathol. 2008, 125:8-17.
45. Sanchez A., Couetil L.L., Ward M.P., Clark S.P. Effect of airway disease on blood gas exchange in racehorses. J. Vet. Intern. Med. 2005, 19:87-92.
46. Sweeney C.R., Rossier Y., Ziemer E.L., Lindborg S. Effects of lung site and fluid volume on results of bronchoalveolar lavage fluid analysis in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1992, 53:1376-1379.
47. Sweeney C.R., Rossier Y., Ziemer E.L., Lindborg S.R. Effect of prior lavage on bronchoalveolar lavage fluid cell population of lavaged and unlavaged lung segments in horses. Am. J. Vet. Res. 1994, 55:1501-1504.
48. Wood J.L.N., Newton J.R., Chanter N., Mumford J.A. Inflammatory airway disease, nasal discharge and respiratory infections in young British racehorses. Equine Vet. J. 2005, 37:236-242.