Cell Synchronization by Inhibitors of DNA Replication Induces Replication Stress and DNA Damage Response: Analysis by Flow Cytometry

Methods in Molecular Biology

Volumn 761, Issue , 2011, Pages 85-96

  Darzynkiewicz, Zbigniew ^a   Halicka, H Dorota ^a   Zhao, Hong ^a   Podhorecka, Monika ^b  

^a NEW YORK MEDICAL COLLEGE   (United States)

^b MEDICAL UNIVERSITY OF LUBLIN   (Poland)

Author keywords

apoptosis; DNA double strand breaks; DNA fragmentation; DNA repair; flow cytometry; G1 S boundary

Indexed keywords

NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITOR;

ANIMAL; ARTICLE; CELL CULTURE; CELL CYCLE; DNA DAMAGE; DNA REPLICATION; DRUG EFFECT; FLOW CYTOMETRY; GENETICS; HUMAN;

ANIMALS; CELL CYCLE; CELLS, CULTURED; DNA DAMAGE; DNA REPLICATION; FLOW CYTOMETRY; HUMANS; NUCLEIC ACID SYNTHESIS INHIBITORS;

ATAXIA TELANGIECTASIA;

EID: 79960946893     PISSN: 10643745     EISSN: 19406029     Source Type: Book Series    
DOI: 10.1007/978-1-61779-182-6_6     Document Type: Chapter

References (53)

1. Grdina, D. J., Meistrich, M. L., Meyn, R. E., Johnson, T. S., and White, R. A. (1987) Cell synchrony techniques. A comparison of methods. In: Techniques in Cell Cycle Analysis, Gray, J. W. and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (eds). Humana Press Inc, Clifton, NJ, pp. 367–402.
2. Davis, P. K., Ho, A., and Dowdy, S. F. (2001) Biological methods for cell-cycle synchronization of mammalian cells. BioTechniques 30, 1322–1331.
3. Merril, G. F. (1998) Cell synchronization. Methods Cell Biol. 57, 229–249.
4. Amon, A. (2002) Synchronization procedures. Methods Enzymol. 351, 457–467.
5. Terasima, T., and Tolmach, L. J. (1963) Growth and nucleic acid synthesis in synchronously dividing populations of HeLa cells. Exp. Cell Res. 30, 344–362.
6. Edward, K. L., Van Ert, M. N., Thornton, M., and Helmstetter, C. E. (2004) Cyclin mRNA stability does not vary during the cell cycle. Cell Cycle 3, 1057–1060.
7. Thornton, M., Edward, K. L., and Helmstetter, C. E. (2002) Production of minimally disturbed synchronous cultures of hematopoetic cells. BioTechniques 32, 1098–10100.
8. Huang, X., Dai, W., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2005) Enforced adhesion of hematopoietic cells to culture dish induces endomitosis and polyploidy. Cell Cycle 4, 801–805.
9. Jakóbisiak, M., Bruno, S., Skierski, J., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1991) The cell cycle specific effects of lovastatin. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 3628–3632.
10. 1 phase of the cell cycle. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 88, 7580–7585.
11. Bruno, S., Ardelt, B., Skierski, J. S., Traganos, F., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1992) Different effects of staurosporine, an inhibitor of protein kinases, on the cell cycle and chromatin structure of normal and leukemic lymphocytes. Cancer Res. 52, 470–476.
12. Bruno, S., Traganos, F., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1996) Cell cycle synchronizing properties of staurosporine. Methods Cell Sci. 18, 99–107.
13. Griffin, M. J. (1976) Synchronization of some human cell strains by serum and calcium starvation. In Vitro 12, 393–400.
14. Tobey, R. A., and Crissman, H. A. (1972) Use of flow microfluorimetry in detailed analysis of effects of chemical agents on cell cycle progression. Cancer Res. 32, 2726–2731.
15. Holley, R. W., and Kiernan, M. A. (1968) “Contact inhibition” of cell division in 3T3 cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 60, 300–305.
16. Pardee, A. B., and Keyomarsi, K. (1992) Modification of cell proliferation with inhibitors. Curr. Opin. Cell Biol. 4, 186–191.
17. Mitchell, B. F., and Tupper, J. T. (1977) Synchronization of mouse 3T3 and SV40 3T3 cell by way of centrifugal elutriation. Exp. Cell Res. 106, 351–355.
18. Banfalvi, G. (2008) Cell cycle synchronization of animal cells and nuclei by centrifugal elutriation. Nat. Protoc. 3, 663–673.
19. Cymerman, U., and Beer, J. B. (1980) Some problems in using density gradient centrifugation for synchronization of L5178Y-S cells. Neoplasma 27, 429–436.
20. Juan, G., Hernando, E., and Cordon-Cardo, C. (2002) Separation of live cells in different phases of the cell cycle for gene expression analysis. Cytometry 49, 170–175.
21. Zhao, H., Traganos, F., Dobrucki, J., Wlod-kowic, D., and Darzynkiewicz Z. (2009) Induction of DNA damage response by the supravital probes of nucleic acids. Cytometry A 75A, 510–519.
22. Zhang, X., Chen, J., Davis, B., and Kiechle, F. (1999) Hoechst 33342 induces apoptosis in HL-60 cells and inhibits topoisomerase I in vivo. Arch. Pathol. Lab. Med. 123, 921–927.
23. Mohorko, N., Kregar-Velikonja, N., Repovs, G., Gorensek, M., and Bresjanac, M. (2005) An in vitro study of Hoechst 33342 redistribution and its effects on cell viability. Hum. Exp. Toxicol. 24, 573–580.
24. Samake, S., and Smith, L. C. (1996) Synchronization of cell division in eight-cell bovine embryos produced in vitro: effects of nocodazole. Mol. Reprod. Dev. 44, 486–492.
25. 2 /M phases of the cell cycle. Methods Mol. Biol. 296, 157–165.
26. Darzynkiewicz, Z., Crissman, H., Traganos, F., and Stainkamp, J. (1982) Cell heterogeneity during the cell cycle. J. Cell Physiol. 112, 465–474.
27. Urbani, L., Sherwood, S. W., and Schimke, R. T. (1995) Dissociation of nuclear and cytoplasmic cell cycle progression by drugs employed in cell synchronization. Exp. Cell Res. 219, 159–168.
28. Chou, L. F., and Chou, W. G. (1999) DNA-end binding activity of Ku in synchronized cells. Cell Biol. Int. 23, 663–670.
29. 1 on preimplantation development of rabbit serial nuclear transfer embryos. Biol. Reprod. 63, 677–682.
30. 2 synchrony in cultured rodent and human diploid fibroblasts. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 87, 5104–5109.
31. 1 /S phase transition of the cell cycle, studied by replication patterns. Hum. Genet. 45, 193–198.
32. Fox, M. H., Read, R. A., and Bedford, J. S. (1987) Comparison of synchronized Chinese hamster ovary cells obtained by mitotic shake-off, hydroxyurea, aphidicolin, or methotrexate. Cytometry 8, 315–320.
33. Matherly, L. H., Schuetz, J. D., Westin, E., and Goldman, I. D. (1989) A method for the synchronization of cultured cells with aphidicolin: application to the large-scale synchronization of L1210 cells and the study of the cell cycle regulation of thymidylate synthase and dihydrofolate reductase. Anal. Biochem. 182, 338–345.
34. Kues, W. A., Anger, M., Carnawath, J. W., Paul, D., Motlik, J., and Niemann, H. (2000) Cell cycle synchronization of porcine fetal fibroblasts: effects of serum deprivation and reversible cell cycle inhibitors. Biol. Reprod. 62, 412–419.
35. Cohen, L. S., and Studzinski, G. P. (1967) Correlation between cell enlargement and nucleic acid and protein content of HeLa cells in unbalanced growth produced by inhibitors of DNA synthesis. J. Cell Physiol. 69, 331–339.
36. Gong, J., Traganos, F., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (1995) Growth imbalance and altered expression of cyclins B1, A. E and D3 in MOLT-4 cells synchronized in the cell cycle by inhibitors of DNA replication. Cell Growth Differ. 6, 1485–1492.
37. Kurose, A., Tanaka, T., Huang, X., Traganos, F., Dai, W., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2006) Effects of hydroxyurea and aphidicolin on phosphorylation of ATM on Ser 1981 and histone H2AX on Ser 139 in relation to cell cycle phase and induction of apoptosis. Cytometry A 69A, 212–221.
38. Kurose, A., Tanaka, T., Huang, X., Traganos, F., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2006) Synchronization in the cell cycle by inhibitors of DNA replication induces histone H2AX phosphorylation, an indication of DNA damage. Cell Prolif. 39, 231–240.
39. Rogakou, E. P., Pilch, D. R., Orr, A. H., Ivanova, V. S., and Bonner, W. M. (1998) DNA double-stranded breaks induce histone H2AX phosphorylation on serine139. J. Biol. Chem. 273, 5858–5868.
40. 125 IUdr-induced DNA double-strand breaks with γ-H2AX antibody. Radiation Res. 158, 486–494.
41. Mah, L.-J., El-Osta, A., and Karagiannis, T. C. (2010) GammaH2AX: a sensitive molecular marker of DNA damage and repair. Leukemia 24, 679–686.
42. Lavin, M. F., and Kozlov, S. (2007) ATM activation and DNA damage response. Cell Cycle 6, 931–942.
43. Zhao, H., Traganos, F., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2010) Kinetics of the UV-induced DNA damage response in relation to cell cycle phase. Correlation with DNA replication. Cytometry A 77A, 285–293.
44. Tanaka, T., Huang, X., Halicka, H. D., Zhao, H., Traganos, F., Albino, A. P., Dai, W., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2007) Cytometry of ATM activation and histone H2AX phosphorylation to estimate extent of DNA damage induced by exogenous agents. Cytometry A 71A, 648–661.
45. MacPhail, S. H., Banath, J. P., Yu, T. Y., Chu, E. H., Lambur, H., and Olive, P. L. (2003) Expression of phosphorylated histone H2AX in cultured cell lines following exposure to X-rays. Int. J. Radiat. Biol. 79, 351–358.
46. Zhao, H., Traganos, F., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2008) Kinetics of histone H2AX phosphorylation and Chk2 activation in A549 cells treated with topotecan and mitox-antrone in relation to the cell cycle phase. Cytometry A 73A, 480–489.
47. Kurose, A., Tanaka, T., Huang, X., Halicka, H. D., Traganos, F., Dai, W., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2005) Assessment of ATM phosphorylation on Ser-1981 induced by DNA topoisomerase I and II inhibitors in relation to Ser-139-histone H2AX phosphorylation, cell cycle phase and apoptosis. Cytometry A 68A, 1–9.
48. Traven, A., and Heierhorst, J. (2005) SQ/TQ cluster domains: concentrated ATM/ATR kinase phosphorylation site regions in DNA-damage-response proteins. BioEssays 27, 397–407.
49. Yajima, H., Lee, K. J., Zhang, S., Kobayashi, J., and Chen, B. P. (2009) DNA double-strand break formation upon UV-induced replication stress activates ATM and DNA-PKcs kinases. J. Mol. Biol. 385, 800–810.
50. Tanaka, T., Halicka, H. D., Huang, X., Traganos, F., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2006) Constitutive histone H2AX phosphorylation and ATM activation, the reporters of DNA damage by endogenous oxidants. Cell Cycle 5, 1940–1945.
51. Zhao, H., Tanaka, T., Halicka, H. D., Traganos, F., Zarebski, M., Dobrucki, J., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2007) Cytometric assessment of DNA damage by exogenous and endogenous oxidants reports the aging-related processes. Cytometry A 71A, 905–914.
52. 1 ” peaks on DNA content histograms. Cytometry A 71A, 125–131.
53. Tanaka, T., Kurose, A., Huang, X., Dai, W., and Darzynkiewicz, Z. (2006) ATM kinase activation and histone H2AX phosphorylation as indicators of DNA damage by DNA topoisomerase I inhibitor topotecan and during apoptosis. Cell Prolif. 39, 49–60.