메뉴 건너뛰기




Volumn 30, Issue 21-22, 2011, Pages 3001-3012

Sahara and Sahel vulnerability to climate changes, lessons from Holocene hydrological data

Author keywords

Atlantic monsoon; Groundwaters; Holocene humid period; Paleohydrology; Sahara; Sahel; Vulnerability

Indexed keywords

ATLANTIC MONSOON; HOLOCENE HUMID PERIOD; PALEO-HYDROLOGY; SAHARA; SAHEL; VULNERABILITY;

EID: 79960586831     PISSN: 02773791     EISSN: None     Source Type: Journal    
DOI: 10.1016/j.quascirev.2011.07.006     Document Type: Article
Times cited : (197)

References (73)
  • 1
    • 0026278452 scopus 로고
    • Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years
    • Berger A., Loutre M.F. Insolation values for the climate of the last 10 million years. Quaternary Science Reviews 1991, 10:297-317.
    • (1991) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.10 , pp. 297-317
    • Berger, A.1    Loutre, M.F.2
  • 4
    • 0000351814 scopus 로고
    • Drought in the Sahel: a biogeophysical feedback mechanism
    • Charney J.G., Stone P.H., Quirk W.J. Drought in the Sahel: a biogeophysical feedback mechanism. Science 1975, 187:434-435.
    • (1975) Science , vol.187 , pp. 434-435
    • Charney, J.G.1    Stone, P.H.2    Quirk, W.J.3
  • 5
    • 0008719797 scopus 로고
    • Washington State University radiocarbon measurements I
    • Chatters A.E. Washington State University radiocarbon measurements I. Radiocarbon 1968, 10(2):479-498.
    • (1968) Radiocarbon , vol.10 , Issue.2 , pp. 479-498
    • Chatters, A.E.1
  • 6
    • 1242299578 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Paleohydraulics of the last outburst flood from glacial Lake Agassiz and the 8200 BP cold event
    • Clarke G.K.C., Leverington D.W., Teller J.T., Dyke A.S. Paleohydraulics of the last outburst flood from glacial Lake Agassiz and the 8200 BP cold event. Quaternary Science Reviews 2004, 23:389-407.
    • (2004) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.23 , pp. 389-407
    • Clarke, G.K.C.1    Leverington, D.W.2    Teller, J.T.3    Dyke, A.S.4
  • 8
    • 0036335841 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The water balance of northern Africa during the mid-Holocene: an evaluation of the 6 ka BP PMIP simulations
    • Coe M.T., Harrison S.P. The water balance of northern Africa during the mid-Holocene: an evaluation of the 6 ka BP PMIP simulations. Climate Dynamics 2002, 19:155-166.
    • (2002) Climate Dynamics , vol.19 , pp. 155-166
    • Coe, M.T.1    Harrison, S.P.2
  • 9
    • 0024197044 scopus 로고
    • Climatic changes of the last 18 000 years: observations and model simulations
    • COHMAP members
    • COHMAP members Climatic changes of the last 18 000 years: observations and model simulations. Science 1988, 241:1043-1052.
    • (1988) Science , vol.241 , pp. 1043-1052
  • 10
    • 33748324815 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Coupled model simulations of the west African monsoon system: twentieth- and twenty-first-century simulations
    • Cook K.H., Vizy E.K. Coupled model simulations of the west African monsoon system: twentieth- and twenty-first-century simulations. Journal of Climate 2006, 19:3681-3703.
    • (2006) Journal of Climate , vol.19 , pp. 3681-3703
    • Cook, K.H.1    Vizy, E.K.2
  • 11
    • 0021614153 scopus 로고
    • Surface albedo and the Sahel drought
    • Courel M.-F., Kandel R.S., Rasool S.I. Surface albedo and the Sahel drought. Nature 1984, 307:528-531.
    • (1984) Nature , vol.307 , pp. 528-531
    • Courel, M.-F.1    Kandel, R.S.2    Rasool, S.I.3
  • 12
    • 16344381767 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Assessing the role of northern Atlantic freshwater forcing in millennial scale climate variability: a tropical Atlantic perspective
    • Dahl K.A., Broccoli A.J., Stouffer R.J. Assessing the role of northern Atlantic freshwater forcing in millennial scale climate variability: a tropical Atlantic perspective. Climate Dynamics 2005, 24:325-346.
    • (2005) Climate Dynamics , vol.24 , pp. 325-346
    • Dahl, K.A.1    Broccoli, A.J.2    Stouffer, R.J.3
  • 13
    • 0034530237 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene lake record in the northern hemisphere of Africa
    • Damnati B. Holocene lake record in the northern hemisphere of Africa. Journal of African Earth Sciences 2000, 31(2):253-262.
    • (2000) Journal of African Earth Sciences , vol.31 , Issue.2 , pp. 253-262
    • Damnati, B.1
  • 14
    • 58149095470 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Orbital forcing and role of the latitudinal insolation/temperature gradient
    • Davis B.A.S., Brewer S. Orbital forcing and role of the latitudinal insolation/temperature gradient. Climate Dynamics 2009, 32:143-165.
    • (2009) Climate Dynamics , vol.32 , pp. 143-165
    • Davis, B.A.S.1    Brewer, S.2
  • 16
    • 0037376229 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evaluation of aquifer thickness by analysing recession hydrographs. Application to the Oman ophiolite hard-rock aquifer
    • Dewandel B., Lachassagne P., Bakalowicz M., Weng Ph., Al-Malki A. Evaluation of aquifer thickness by analysing recession hydrographs. Application to the Oman ophiolite hard-rock aquifer. Journal of Hydrology 2003, 274:248-269.
    • (2003) Journal of Hydrology , vol.274 , pp. 248-269
    • Dewandel, B.1    Lachassagne, P.2    Bakalowicz, M.3    Weng, P.4    Al-Malki, A.5
  • 17
    • 0033616872 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variabilité climatique durant le Quaternaire dans la nappe du Tarat (Arlit, Niger)
    • 371-379
    • Dodo A., Zuppi G.M. Variabilité climatique durant le Quaternaire dans la nappe du Tarat (Arlit, Niger). Comptes Rendus, Académie Sciences, Paris, Série II 1999, vol. 328. 371-379.
    • (1999) Comptes Rendus, Académie Sciences, Paris, Série II , vol.328
    • Dodo, A.1    Zuppi, G.M.2
  • 18
    • 55149122947 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Groundwater as an archive of climatic and environmental change. The Pep-III traverse
    • Kluwer, Dordrecht, R.W. Battarbee, F. Gasse, C.E. Stickley (Eds.) Past Climate Variability Through Europe and Africa
    • Edmunds W.M., Dodo A., Djoret D., Gasse F., Gaye C.B., Goni I.B., Travi Y., Zouari K., Zuppi G.M. Groundwater as an archive of climatic and environmental change. The Pep-III traverse. Developments In Palaeoenvironmental Research Series 2004, 279-306. Kluwer, Dordrecht. R.W. Battarbee, F. Gasse, C.E. Stickley (Eds.).
    • (2004) Developments In Palaeoenvironmental Research Series , pp. 279-306
    • Edmunds, W.M.1    Dodo, A.2    Djoret, D.3    Gasse, F.4    Gaye, C.B.5    Goni, I.B.6    Travi, Y.7    Zouari, K.8    Zuppi, G.M.9
  • 20
    • 0026054175 scopus 로고
    • Palhydaf (Paleohydrology in Africa) program: objectives, methods, major results
    • Fontes J.C., Gasse F. Palhydaf (Paleohydrology in Africa) program: objectives, methods, major results. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 1991, 84:191-215.
    • (1991) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.84 , pp. 191-215
    • Fontes, J.C.1    Gasse, F.2
  • 21
    • 0033979952 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial maximum
    • Gasse F. Hydrological changes in the African tropics since the Last Glacial maximum. Quaternary Science Reviews 2000, 19:189-211.
    • (2000) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.19 , pp. 189-211
    • Gasse, F.1
  • 23
    • 0242410711 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Oceanic forcing of Sahel rainfall on interannual to interdecadal time scales
    • Giannini A., Saravanan R., Chang P. Oceanic forcing of Sahel rainfall on interannual to interdecadal time scales. Science 2003, 302:1027-1030.
    • (2003) Science , vol.302 , pp. 1027-1030
    • Giannini, A.1    Saravanan, R.2    Chang, P.3
  • 24
    • 80052924233 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Modelling the hydrological response of Lake Yoa (NE Chad) to climate deterioration at the end of the African Humid Period.
    • Journal of Hydrology, in preparation.
    • Grenier, C., Zheng, W., Harel, M.A., Anglade, J., Krinner, G., Braconnot, P., Lézine, A.-M., Modelling the hydrological response of Lake Yoa (NE Chad) to climate deterioration at the end of the African Humid Period. Journal of Hydrology, in preparation.
    • Grenier, C.1    Zheng, W.2    Harel, M.A.3    Anglade, J.4    Krinner, G.5    Braconnot, P.6    Lézine, A.-M.7
  • 25
    • 35348996073 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary river development in the southwest Chad Basin: OSL dating of sediment from the Komadugu palaeofloodplain (northeast Nigeria)
    • Gumnior M., Preusser F. Late Quaternary river development in the southwest Chad Basin: OSL dating of sediment from the Komadugu palaeofloodplain (northeast Nigeria). Journal of Quaternary Science 2007, 22(7):709-719.
    • (2007) Journal of Quaternary Science , vol.22 , Issue.7 , pp. 709-719
    • Gumnior, M.1    Preusser, F.2
  • 26
    • 0003157170 scopus 로고
    • Discussion on radiocarbon dates from the Western Desert
    • Academic Press, New York, F. Wendorf, R. Schild (Eds.)
    • Haas H., Haynes C.V. Discussion on radiocarbon dates from the Western Desert. Prehistory of the Western Sahara 1980, 373-378. Academic Press, New York. F. Wendorf, R. Schild (Eds.).
    • (1980) Prehistory of the Western Sahara , pp. 373-378
    • Haas, H.1    Haynes, C.V.2
  • 27
    • 0000049721 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Holocene palaeoclimates of Africa
    • Hassan F.A. Holocene palaeoclimates of Africa. African Archaeological Review 1997, 14(4):213-230.
    • (1997) African Archaeological Review , vol.14 , Issue.4 , pp. 213-230
    • Hassan, F.A.1
  • 29
    • 0031872353 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Mid-Holocene land-surface conditions in northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula: a data set for the analysis of biogeophysical feedbacks in the climate system
    • Hoelzmann P., Jolly D., Harrison S.P., Laarif F., Bonnefille R., Pachur H.-J. Mid-Holocene land-surface conditions in northern Africa and the Arabian Peninsula: a data set for the analysis of biogeophysical feedbacks in the climate system. Global Biogeochemical Cycles 1998, 12:35-51.
    • (1998) Global Biogeochemical Cycles , vol.12 , pp. 35-51
    • Hoelzmann, P.1    Jolly, D.2    Harrison, S.P.3    Laarif, F.4    Bonnefille, R.5    Pachur, H.-J.6
  • 30
    • 80052922860 scopus 로고
    • Datations Relatives à la Préhistoire et au Quaternaire de l'Afrique. III. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire 31, A
    • Hugot, H.J., 1969. Datations Relatives à la Préhistoire et au Quaternaire de l'Afrique. III. Bulletin de l'Institut Fondamental d'Afrique Noire 31, A, vol. 1, pp. 234-252.
    • (1969) , vol.1 , pp. 234-252
    • Hugot, H.J.1
  • 31
    • 0002869750 scopus 로고
    • Run-off and fluvial formation processes in the Tibesti mountains as indicators of climatic history in the central Sahara during the late Pleistocene and Holocene
    • Jäkel D. Run-off and fluvial formation processes in the Tibesti mountains as indicators of climatic history in the central Sahara during the late Pleistocene and Holocene. Journal of Africa 1979, 11:13-44.
    • (1979) Journal of Africa , vol.11 , pp. 13-44
    • Jäkel, D.1
  • 33
    • 0033965164 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • How well can we simulate past climates? evaluating earth system models using global palaeoenvironmental datasets
    • Kohfeld K.E., Harrison S.P. How well can we simulate past climates? evaluating earth system models using global palaeoenvironmental datasets. Quaternary Science Reviews 2000, 19:321-346.
    • (2000) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.19 , pp. 321-346
    • Kohfeld, K.E.1    Harrison, S.P.2
  • 34
    • 80052953139 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Strong timescale-dependent feedbacks on the North African Holocene climate by lakes and wetlands.
    • Geophysical Research Letters, submitted for publication.
    • Krinner, G., Braconnot, P., Lézine, A.-M., Ramstein, G., Zheng, W., Sepulchre, P., Grenier, C., Hély, C. Strong timescale-dependent feedbacks on the North African Holocene climate by lakes and wetlands. Geophysical Research Letters, submitted for publication.
    • Krinner, G.1    Braconnot, P.2    Lézine, A.-M.3    Ramstein, G.4    Zheng, W.5    Sepulchre, P.6    Grenier, C.7    Hély, C.8
  • 36
    • 57149096225 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Response to comment on "climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the past 6000 years"
    • Kröpelin S., Verschuren D., Lézine A.-M. Response to comment on "climate-driven ecosystem succession in the Sahara: the past 6000 years" Science 2008, 322:1326C.
    • (2008) Science , vol.322
    • Kröpelin, S.1    Verschuren, D.2    Lézine, A.-M.3
  • 37
    • 0036870265 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Probability density functions as botanical-climatological transfer functions for climate reconstruction
    • Kühl N., Gebhardt C., Litt T., Hense A. Probability density functions as botanical-climatological transfer functions for climate reconstruction. Quaternary Research 2002, 58(3):381-392.
    • (2002) Quaternary Research , vol.58 , Issue.3 , pp. 381-392
    • Kühl, N.1    Gebhardt, C.2    Litt, T.3    Hense, A.4
  • 38
    • 33747095095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Climate-controlled Holocene occupation in the Sahara: motor of Africa's evolution
    • Kuper R., Kröpelin S. Climate-controlled Holocene occupation in the Sahara: motor of Africa's evolution. Science 2006, 313:803-807.
    • (2006) Science , vol.313 , pp. 803-807
    • Kuper, R.1    Kröpelin, S.2
  • 39
    • 0022236039 scopus 로고
    • Milankovitch forcing of fluctuations in the level of tropical lakes from 18 to 0 kyr BP
    • Kutzbach J.E., Street-Perrott F.A. Milankovitch forcing of fluctuations in the level of tropical lakes from 18 to 0 kyr BP. Nature 1985, 317:130-134.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.317 , pp. 130-134
    • Kutzbach, J.E.1    Street-Perrott, F.A.2
  • 41
    • 0024568979 scopus 로고
    • Pollen and hydrological evidence for the interpretation of past climates in tropical West Africa during the Holocene
    • Lézine A.-M., Casanova J. Pollen and hydrological evidence for the interpretation of past climates in tropical West Africa during the Holocene. Quaternary Science Reviews 1989, 8:45-55.
    • (1989) Quaternary Science Reviews , vol.8 , pp. 45-55
    • Lézine, A.-M.1    Casanova, J.2
  • 43
    • 0000282226 scopus 로고
    • Etudes palynologiques dans le bassin du Tchad et paléoclimatologie de l'Afrique Nord-Tropicale de 30.000 ans à l'époque actuelle
    • Orstom, Paris.
    • Maley J. Etudes palynologiques dans le bassin du Tchad et paléoclimatologie de l'Afrique Nord-Tropicale de 30.000 ans à l'époque actuelle. Travaux et Documents 1981, vol. 129. Orstom, Paris, 586 pp.
    • (1981) Travaux et Documents , vol.129 , pp. 586
    • Maley, J.1
  • 45
    • 67649212691 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variations of Indian and African monsoons induced by insolation changes at 6 and 9.5 kyr BP
    • Marzin C., Braconnot P. Variations of Indian and African monsoons induced by insolation changes at 6 and 9.5 kyr BP. Climate Dynamics 2009, 33:215-231.
    • (2009) Climate Dynamics , vol.33 , pp. 215-231
    • Marzin, C.1    Braconnot, P.2
  • 46
    • 80052959095 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of a meltwater flux and of the remnant ice sheet monsoons at 9.5 kyr BP.
    • Geophysical Research Letters, submitted for publication.
    • Marzin, C., Braconnot. P., Kageyama, M., Impact of a meltwater flux and of the remnant ice sheet monsoons at 9.5 kyr BP. Geophysical Research Letters, submitted for publication.
    • Marzin, C.1    Braconnot, P.2    Kageyama, M.3
  • 48
    • 77956665848 scopus 로고
    • Zur spätpleistozänen und holozänen Formung auf der Nordabdachung des Tibestigebirge
    • Pachur H.J. Zur spätpleistozänen und holozänen Formung auf der Nordabdachung des Tibestigebirge. Die Erde 1975, 106(1-2):21-47.
    • (1975) Die Erde , vol.106 , Issue.1-2 , pp. 21-47
    • Pachur, H.J.1
  • 49
    • 0000147428 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary palaeoecology and palaeoclimates of the eastern Sahara
    • Pachur H.J., Hoelzmann P. Late Quaternary palaeoecology and palaeoclimates of the eastern Sahara. Journal of African Earth Sciences 2000, 30(4):929-939.
    • (2000) Journal of African Earth Sciences , vol.30 , Issue.4 , pp. 929-939
    • Pachur, H.J.1    Hoelzmann, P.2
  • 50
    • 1242294089 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Global Glacial isostasy and the surface of the ice-age earth: the ICE-5G (VM2) model and GRACE
    • Peltier W.R. Global Glacial isostasy and the surface of the ice-age earth: the ICE-5G (VM2) model and GRACE. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences 2004, 32:111-149.
    • (2004) Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences , vol.32 , pp. 111-149
    • Peltier, W.R.1
  • 51
    • 0006675298 scopus 로고
    • The Sahara in the Holocene.
    • Map 1/500 000. UNESCO/CGGM. International Geological Correlation Programme.
    • Petit-Maire, N., 1993. The Sahara in the Holocene. Map 1/500 000. UNESCO/CGGM. International Geological Correlation Programme, vol. 252.
    • (1993) , vol.252
    • Petit-Maire, N.1
  • 52
    • 0032999707 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Variabilité naturelle des environnements terrestres: les deux derniers extrêmes climatiques (18,000 ± 2000 et 8000 ± 1000 ans BP)
    • Petit-Maire N. Variabilité naturelle des environnements terrestres: les deux derniers extrêmes climatiques (18,000 ± 2000 et 8000 ± 1000 ans BP). Comptes Rendus Académie des Sciences 1999, 2a:273-279.
    • (1999) Comptes Rendus Académie des Sciences , vol.2 A , pp. 273-279
    • Petit-Maire, N.1
  • 53
    • 35748932852 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • R Fundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria R Development Core Team
    • R Development Core Team R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing 2007, R Fundation for Statistical Computing, Vienna, Austria. http://www.r-project.org/.
    • (2007) R: A Language and Environment for Statistical Computing
  • 54
    • 33744727734 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Evolution géomorphologique, enregistrements sédimentaires et dynamiques paléoenvironnementales holocènes à Ounjougou (Plateau Dogon, Mali, Afrique de l'Ouest)
    • Rasse M., Ballouche Z., Huysecom E., Tribolo C., Ozainne S., De Drezen Y., Stokes S., Neumann K. Evolution géomorphologique, enregistrements sédimentaires et dynamiques paléoenvironnementales holocènes à Ounjougou (Plateau Dogon, Mali, Afrique de l'Ouest). Quaternaire 2006, 17:61-74.
    • (2006) Quaternaire , vol.17 , pp. 61-74
    • Rasse, M.1    Ballouche, Z.2    Huysecom, E.3    Tribolo, C.4    Ozainne, S.5    De Drezen, Y.6    Stokes, S.7    Neumann, K.8
  • 55
    • 33645391494 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Simulation of the Holocene climate evolution in northern Africa: the termination of the African humid period
    • Renssen H., Brovkin V., Fichefet T., Goosse H. Simulation of the Holocene climate evolution in northern Africa: the termination of the African humid period. Quaternary International 2006, 150:95-102.
    • (2006) Quaternary International , vol.150 , pp. 95-102
    • Renssen, H.1    Brovkin, V.2    Fichefet, T.3    Goosse, H.4
  • 57
    • 0022182581 scopus 로고
    • Sediment and pollen evidence for an early to mid-Holocene humid period in the eastern Sahara
    • Ritchie J.C., Eyles C.H., Haynes C.V. Sediment and pollen evidence for an early to mid-Holocene humid period in the eastern Sahara. Nature 1985, 314:352-355.
    • (1985) Nature , vol.314 , pp. 352-355
    • Ritchie, J.C.1    Eyles, C.H.2    Haynes, C.V.3
  • 58
    • 0032482333 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • The Holocene vegetational history of the Nigerian Sahel based on multiple pollen profiles
    • Salzmann U., Waller M. The Holocene vegetational history of the Nigerian Sahel based on multiple pollen profiles. Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 1998, 100:39-72.
    • (1998) Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology , vol.100 , pp. 39-72
    • Salzmann, U.1    Waller, M.2
  • 59
    • 85178325658 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Comparison of proxy-based palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and hindcastmodelled annual precipitation - a review of Holocene palaeoenvironmental research in the central Sahara
    • Schütt B., Krause J. Comparison of proxy-based palaeoenvironmental reconstructions and hindcastmodelled annual precipitation - a review of Holocene palaeoenvironmental research in the central Sahara. Palaeoecology of Africa 2009, 29:23-37.
    • (2009) Palaeoecology of Africa , vol.29 , pp. 23-37
    • Schütt, B.1    Krause, J.2
  • 63
    • 0000586220 scopus 로고
    • Environmental and climatic cimplications of late Quaternary lake-level fluctuations in Africa
    • Street F.A., Grove A.T. Environmental and climatic cimplications of late Quaternary lake-level fluctuations in Africa. Nature 1976, 261(5559):385-390.
    • (1976) Nature , vol.261 , Issue.5559 , pp. 385-390
    • Street, F.A.1    Grove, A.T.2
  • 64
    • 0018695349 scopus 로고
    • Global maps of lake-level fluctuations since 30,000 yr B.P.
    • Street F.A., Grove A.T. Global maps of lake-level fluctuations since 30,000 yr B.P. Quaternary Research 1979, 12:83-118.
    • (1979) Quaternary Research , vol.12 , pp. 83-118
    • Street, F.A.1    Grove, A.T.2
  • 67
    • 80052947402 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • CALIB 5.0. [WWW program and documentation].
    • Stuiver, M., Reimer, P.J., Reimer, R.W., 2005. CALIB 5.0. [WWW program and documentation]. http://calib.qub.ac.uk/calib/.
    • (2005)
    • Stuiver, M.1    Reimer, P.J.2    Reimer, R.W.3
  • 68
    • 0035282623 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Eolian sediment responses to late Quaternary climate changes: temporal and spatial patterns in the Sahara
    • Swezey C. Eolian sediment responses to late Quaternary climate changes: temporal and spatial patterns in the Sahara. Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology 2001, 167:119-155.
    • (2001) Palaeogeography, Palaeoclimatology, Palaeoecology , vol.167 , pp. 119-155
    • Swezey, C.1
  • 69
    • 77049104858 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Impact of freshwater release in the North Atlantic under different climate conditions in an OAGCM
    • Swingedouw D., Mignot J., Braconnot P., Mosquet E., Kageyama M., Alkama R. Impact of freshwater release in the North Atlantic under different climate conditions in an OAGCM. Journal of Climate 2009, 22:6377-6403.
    • (2009) Journal of Climate , vol.22 , pp. 6377-6403
    • Swingedouw, D.1    Mignot, J.2    Braconnot, P.3    Mosquet, E.4    Kageyama, M.5    Alkama, R.6
  • 70
    • 80053570683 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Plant migration and ecosystems at the time of the "green Sahara"
    • Watrin J., Lézine A.-M., Hély C. Plant migration and ecosystems at the time of the "green Sahara" Comptes Rendus Geosciences 2009, 341:656-670.
    • (2009) Comptes Rendus Geosciences , vol.341 , pp. 656-670
    • Watrin, J.1    Lézine, A.-M.2    Hély, C.3
  • 71
    • 80052938288 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • WHYMAP, BGR, Hanover and UNESCO, Paris (Ground Water Resources of the World Project)
    • Groundwater Resource Map of Africa 2008, WHYMAP, BGR, Hanover and UNESCO, Paris (Ground Water Resources of the World Project).
    • (2008) Groundwater Resource Map of Africa
  • 72
    • 0018916837 scopus 로고
    • Late Quaternary depositional history of the Blue and White Nile rivers in central Sudan
    • Balkema, Rotterdam, M.A.J. Williams, H. Faure (Eds.)
    • Williams M.A.J., Adamson D.A. Late Quaternary depositional history of the Blue and White Nile rivers in central Sudan. The Sahara and the Nile 1981, 281-304. Balkema, Rotterdam. M.A.J. Williams, H. Faure (Eds.).
    • (1981) The Sahara and the Nile , pp. 281-304
    • Williams, M.A.J.1    Adamson, D.A.2
  • 73
    • 0346991678 scopus 로고    scopus 로고
    • Hydrogeology as a climate recorder: Sahara-Sahel (North Africa) and the Po Plain (Northern Italy)
    • Zuppi G.M., Sacchi E. Hydrogeology as a climate recorder: Sahara-Sahel (North Africa) and the Po Plain (Northern Italy). Global and Planetary Change 2004, 40:79-91.
    • (2004) Global and Planetary Change , vol.40 , pp. 79-91
    • Zuppi, G.M.1    Sacchi, E.2


* 이 정보는 Elsevier사의 SCOPUS DB에서 KISTI가 분석하여 추출한 것입니다.