Introduction: The emperor's clothes?

Security and Post-Conflict Reconstruction: Dealing with Fighters in the Aftermath of War

Volumn , Issue , 2008, Pages 1-29

  Muggah, Robert ^a  

^a GRADUATE INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL AND DEVELOPMENT STUDIES   (Switzerland)

Author keywords

[No Author keywords available]

Indexed keywords

EID: 79960489006     PISSN: None     EISSN: None     Source Type: Book    
DOI: 10.4324/9780203886915     Document Type: Editorial

References (103)

1. Azam, J., Bevan, D. and Collier, P. (1994) Some Economic Consequences of the Transition from Civil War to Peace Policy Research Working Paper 1392. Washington, DC: World Bank.
2. Baaré, A. (2005) 'An Analysis of Transitional Economic Reintegration', Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (SIDDR). Unpublished Paper Presented at SIDDR Technical Working Group on Reintegration, April 2005, New York.
3. Baaré, A. (2006) 'An Analysis of Transitional Economic Reintegration', Stockholm Initiative on Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Background Studies. Ministry of Foreign Affairs Sweden.
4. Ball, N. and Hendrickson, D. (2005) 'Review of International Financing Arrangements for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration', Prepared for Working Group 2, SIDDR. September.
5. Ball, N. and van de Goor, L. (2006) Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration: Mapping Issues, Dilemmas and Guiding Principles. Clingendael Research Paper. Hague: Netherlands Institute of International Relations.
6. Beeke, C. (2007) 'Repaving the Road to Peace: Analysis of the Implementation of DDR in Aceh Province, Indonesia', BICC Brief, 35.
7. Bellamy, A. (2004) Understanding Peacekeeping. London: Polity.
8. Bellamy, A. and Williams, P. (eds) (2007) Peace Operations and Global Order. London: Routledge.
9. Bellamy, A., Williams, P. and Griffin, S. (2004) Understanding Peacekeeping. Cambridge: Polity Press.
10. Bennett, J. and Muggah, R. (2007) 'Making a Difference? A Beneficiary Impact Assessment of Ethiopia's Demobilization and Reintegration Program', Executive Summary. Addis: EDRP and World Bank.
11. Berdal, M. (1996) 'Disarmament and Demobilization after Civil Wars', Adelphi Paper, no. 303. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
12. Cawthra, G. and Luckham, R. (eds) (2003) Governing Insecurity: Democratic Control of Military and Security Establishments in Transitional Democracies. London: Zed Books.
13. Chaudhary, T. and Suhrke, A. (2008) 'Postwar Violence', Background Paper for the Small Arms Survey. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
14. Cilliers, J. (ed.) (1995) Dismissed Demobilisation and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Africa Book. Pretoria: ISS.
15. Clark, K. (1996) Fostering a Farewell to Arms: Preliminary Lessons Learned in the Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-Combatants. Washington, DC: US Agency for International Development, Center for Development Information and Evaluation.
16. Colletta, N. (1995) 'From Warriors to Workers: The World Bank's Role in Post-Conflict Reconstruction', Leaders, no. 204, October.
17. Colletta, N., Kostner, M. and Wiederhofer, I. (1996) Case Studies in War-to-Peace Transition: The Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-Combatants in Ethiopia, Namibia and Uganda. Washington, DC: World Bank.
18. Collier, P. (1994) 'Demobilization and Insecurity: a Study in the Economics of the Transition from War to Peace', Journal of International Development, 6: 343-351.
19. Collier, P., Hoeffler, A., Elliot, L., Hegre, H., Reynal-Querol, M. and Sambanis, N. (2003) Breaking the Conflict Trap: Civil War & Development Policy. Oxford: Oxford University Press and World Bank.
20. De Coning, C. (2007) 'Coherence and Coordination in United Nations Peacebuilding and Integrated Missions', Security in Practice, 5, Oslo: NUPI.
21. De Watteville, N. (2000) Addressing Gender Issues in Demobilization and Reintegration Programs. Africa Region Working Paper Series.
22. Doyle, M. and Sambanis, N. (2000) 'International Peacebuilding: A Theoretical and Quantitative Analysis', American Political Science Review, 94(4).
23. Duffield, M. (2007) Development, Security and Unending War. London: Polity.
24. Dzinesa, G. (2006) 'Swords into Ploughshares: Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration in Zimbabwe, Namibia and South Africa', ISS Working Paper 120. Online, available at: http://www.smallarmssurvey.org/files/portal/spotlight/country/afr_pdf/-Africa-zim-nam-sn-2006.pdf.
25. Dzinesa, G. (2007) Online, available at: 'Post-conflict Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Former Combatants in Southern Africa', International Studies Perspective, 8(1): 73-89.
26. ECP (Escola de Cultura de Pau) (2007) Analysis of the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) Programs Existing in the World During 2006. Madrid: Escola de Cultura de Paz.
27. Farr, V. (2002) The Demobilization and Reintegration of Women Combatants, Wives of Male Soldiers and War Widows: A Checklist. Bonn: BICC.
28. Ghobarah, H., Huth, P. and Russett, B. (2003) 'Civil Wars Kill and Maim People - Long After the Shooting Stops', American Political Science Review, 97(2) (May).
29. Ginifer, J. (1995) Managing Arms in Peace Processes: Rhodesia/Zimbabwe. Disarmament and Conflict Resolution Project, United Nations Institute for Disarmament Research. New York: United Nations.
30. GTZ (2003) Activity Area - Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-combatants, available online at: www.wedoit.net/dea/demobilisationandreintegrationofex-combatants.asp.
31. Hanson, S. (2007) 'Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration (DDR) in Africa', Backgrounder, Council on Foreign Relations, February.
32. Harbom and P. Wallensteen (2007) 'Armed Conflict, 1989-2006', Journal of Peace Research, 44(5): 623-634.
33. HDC (2008) Negotiating Disarmament: Reflections on Guns, Fighters and Armed Violence in Peace Processes. Geneva: Centre for Humanitarian Dialogue.
34. Holt, V. and Berkman, T. (eds) (2006) The Impossible Mandate: Military Preparedness, the Responsibility to Protect and Modern Peace Operations. Washington, DC: Stimson Center.
35. Humphreys, M. and Weinstein, J. (2004) What the Fighters Say: A Survey of Ex-Combatants in Sierra Leone: June-August 2003. New York and Stanford: Colombia University and Stanford University/PRIDE.
36. IPA (International Peace Academy) (2006) Counting What Counts: Ten Steps toward Increasing the Relevance of Empirical Research in the UN System. Meeting Note. New York. February.
37. Jennings, K. (2008) 'Seeing DDR From Below: Challenges and Dilemmas Raised by the Experiences of Ex-Combatants in Liberia'. FAFO Report (3). Oslo: FAFO.
38. Jensen, S. and Stepputat, F. (2001) 'Demobilising Armed Civilians', CDR Policy Paper.Copenhagen: CDR.
39. Kaldor, M. (1999) New and Old Wars: Organised Violence in a Global Era. Cambridge: Polity Press.
40. Keen, D. (1999) 'The Economic Functions of Violence in Civil Wars', Adelphi Paper, 320, Oxford: Oxford University Press.
41. Kingma, K. (ed.) (2000) Demobilization in Sub-Saharan Africa: The Development and Security Impacts. Basingstoke: Macmillan.
42. Kingma, K. (2002) 'Demobilization, Reintegration and Peace-building in Africa', International Peacekeeping, 9(2): 181-221.
43. Knight, M and Ozerdem, A. (2004) 'Guns, Camps and Cash: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reinsertion of Former Combatants in Transitions from War to Peace', Journal of Peace Research, 41(4).
44. Mazarire, G. and Rupiya, R. (2000) 'Two Wrongs Do Not Make a Right: A Critical Assessment of Zimbabwe's Demobilization and Reintegration Programmes, 1980-2000', Journal of Peace, Conflict and Military, March.
45. Meek, S. (1998) 'Buy or Barter: the History and Prospects of Voluntary Weapons Collection Programmes', ISS Monograph Series, 22. London: Institute for Strategic Studies.
46. Middlebrook, P. (2008) 'Right-Financing Security Sector Reform', GFNSSR Bulletin, April.
47. Moser, C. and McIlwaine, C. (2001) Violence in a Post-Conflict Context. Washington, DC: World Bank.
48. Muggah, R. (2004a) 'The Anatomy of Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration in the Republic of Congo', Conflict, Security and Development, 4(1): 21-37.
49. Muggah, R. (2004b) Assessing the Prospects for DDR of the MILF in Mindanao. A Desk Review and Evaluation for the UNDP. Commissioned by the UNDP in New York/Manila.
50. Muggah, R. (2005) Securing Haiti's Transition: Prospects for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration, Occasional Paper 14, Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
51. Muggah, R. (2006) 'Emerging from the Shadow of War: A Critical Perspective on DDR and Weapons Reduction in the Post-Conflict Period', Journal of Contemporary Security Policy, 27(1).
52. Muggah, R. (2007) '(Dis)Integrated Missions: Reflections from Sudan and Haiti', Humanitarian Practice Network, 38. London: Overseas Development Institute.
53. Muggah, R. (2008a) 'A Hard Pill to Swallow: Assessing Collective Violence in Africa', Africa Report on Violence 2008. Harare: African Health Organisation.
54. Muggah, R. (2008b) 'Managing the Post-Conflict Transition: Reviewing DDR and Arms Control in Africa', Africa Development Report 2008. Tunis: African Development Bank.
55. Muggah, R. (2008c) 'No Post-Conflict Panacea: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration', in V. Chetail (ed.) Peace-building Lexicon. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
56. Muggah, R. (2008d) 'Comparing DDR and Durable Solutions: Some lessons from Ethiopia', Humanitarian Practice Network 37, London: ODI.
57. Muggah, R. and Jutersonke, O. (2007) Engaging DDR: A Comparative Assessment of Switzerland's Value-Added. Berne: Department for Foreign Affairs (unpublished).
58. Muggah, R. and Krause, K. (2008) 'Closing the Gap between Peace Operations and Post-Conflict Insecurity: Towards a Violence Reduction Agenda', International Peacekeeping, 16(1).
59. Nagl, J. (2005) Learning to Eat Soup with a Knife: Counterinsurgency Lessons from Malaya and Vietnam. Chicago: University of Chicago Press.
60. OECD (Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development) (2001a) Guidelines on Helping Prevent Violent Conflict. Paris. www.oecd.org/document/32/0,2340,en_2649_34567_33800800_1_1_1_1,00.html.
61. OECD (2001b) Guidelines on Helping Prevent Violent Conflict, Paris.
62. OECD (2005a) Principles for Good International Engagement in Fragile States: Learning and Advisory Process on Difficult Partnerships (LAP). Paris. Online, available at: www.oecd.org/dataoecd/59/55/34700989.pdf.
63. OECD (2005b) Security System Reform and Governance. Paris. Online, available at: www.oecd.org/dataoecd/8/39/31785288.pdf.
64. OECD (2005c) Preventing Conflict and building Peace: A Manual of Issues and Entry Points. Paris. http://www.oecd.org/dataoecd/26/3/35785584.pdf.
65. OECD (2005d) Paris Declaration on Aid Effectiveness: Ownership, Harmonisation, Alignment, Results and Mutual Accountability. Paris: OECD.
66. OECD (2006) Evaluating Conflict Prevention and Peace-building activities. Norway. Online, available at: www.oecd.org/dataoecd/5/44/37500040.pdf.
67. OECD (2008) Armed Violence Reduction Guidance: Draft. Paris: Small Arms Survey/SecDev Associates.
68. Osland, K. (2005) 'The UN and Integrated Missions', NUPI Conference Proceedings. Oslo: NUPI.
69. Paris, R. (2004) At War's End: Building Peace After Civil Conflict. Cambridge and New York: Cambridge University Press.
70. Pouligny, B. (2004) The Politics and Anti-Politics of Contemporary Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Programs. Paris: CERI.
71. Sigrid, W. (2006) 'Does Money Work? Cash Transfers to Ex-combatants in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Processes', Disasters, 30(3): 316-339.
72. Small Arms Survey (2003) Small Arms Survey 2003: Development at Risk. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
73. Small Arms Survey (2005) Small Arms Survey 2006: Weapons at War. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
74. Small Arms Survey (2006) Small Arms Survey 2007: Unfinished Business. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
75. Small Arms Survey (2007) Small Arms Survey 2007: Guns and the City. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
76. Spagat, M. (2006) Colombia's Paramilitary DDR: Quiet and Tentative Success, CERAC Working Paper. Bogota: CERAC.
77. Spear, J. (2005) 'Conclusions: The International Practice of DDR'. Online, available at: www.ssronline.org.
78. Spear, J. (2006) 'From Political Economies of War to Political Economies of Peace: The Contribution of DDR after Wars of Predation', in Contemporary Security Policy, 27(1): 168-189.
79. Spencer, D. (1997) 'Demobilization and Reintegration in Central America'. Occasional Paper, 8. BICC, February.
80. Stedman, S. (1997) 'Spoiler Problems in Peace Processes', International Security, 22(2): 5-53.
81. Suhrke, A. and Samset, I. (2007), 'What's in a Figure? Estimating Recurrance of Civil War', International Peacekeeping, 14(2): 195-203.
82. Swarbrick, P. (2007) 'Avoiding Disarmament Failure: the Critical Link in DDR: An Operational Manual for Donors, Managers and Practitioners', Working Paper 5. Geneva: Small Arms Survey.
83. Teamy, K. and Sweet, J. (2006) 'Organizing Intelligence for Counterinsurgency', Military Review (September/October).
84. UN (1992) An Agenda for Peace Preventative Diplomacy, Peacemaking and Peacekeeping. A/47/277-S/24111. Online, available at: www.un.org/docs/SG/agpeace.html.
85. UN (2000) Report of the Panel on UN Peace Operations. New York: DPKO. (A55/502). Online, available at: www.un.org/peace/reports/peace:operations/.
86. UN (2000) Report of the Secretary-General on the Role of United Nations Peacekeeping in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration. (S/2000/101).
87. UN (2001) UN Programme of Action on Combating the Illicit Trade and Trafficking of Small Arms in All Its Aspects. http://www.iansa.org/un/programme-of-action.htm.
88. UN Executive Committee on Humanitarian Affairs, Working Group on Disarmament, Demobilization, and Reintegration (2000) Harnessing Institutional Capacities in Support of the Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Former Combatants. New York: United Nations.
89. UNDP (United Nations Development Programme) (2003) UNDP Support for Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-Combatants (DDR): A Brief Stock-take of Experiences and Lessons Learned. New York: United Nations Development Programme.
90. UNDP (2006) BCPR Strategic Review. New York/Geneva: UNDP and Small Arms Survey. www.undp.org/cpr/documents/sa_control/BCPRStrategicreview.doc.
91. UNDPKO (United Nations Department for Peacekeeping) (1999) Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-combatants in a Peacekeeping Environment: Principles and Guidelines. New York: Lessons Learned Unit, Department of Peacekeeping Operations, United Nations.
92. UNDPKO (2000) Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-Combatants in a Peacekeeping Environment. New York: United Nations.
93. UNDPKO (2008) United Nations Peacekeeping Operations: Principles and Guidelines. New York: United Nations. Online, available at www.un.org/depts/dpko/lessons/.
94. UNOSAA (United Nations Office of the Special Adviser on Africa) (2007) 'Overview: DDR Processes in Africa'. Background paper for the Second International Conference on DDR and Stability in Africa, Kinshasa, 12-14 June.
95. UNSC (United Nations Security Council) (2000) Report of the Secretary General: The Role of the United Nations Peacekeeping in Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration. S/2000/101, 11 February.
96. UNSG (1998) The Causes of Conflict and the Promotion of Durable Peace and Sustainable Development in Africa. Secretary General's Report to the UN Security Council, 16 April.
97. UNWG (United National Working Group) (2006) Integrated Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration Standards (IDDRS). http://www.unddr.org/iddrs/.
98. US Army (2001) Field Manual 3-0 'Operations'. Washington, DC: GPO.
99. Wessels, M. (2006) Child Soldiers from Violence to Protection. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
100. Willibald, S. (2006) 'Does Money Work? Cash Transfers to Ex-combatants in Disarmament, Demobilisation and Reintegration Processes', Journal of Disasters, 30(3): 316-339.
101. World Bank (1993) 'Demobilization and Reintegration of Military Personnel in Africa: The Evidence from Seven Country Studies', World Bank Discussion Paper, no. 130.
102. World Bank (2002) 'Sierra Leone: Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration', Africa Region, no. 81, October. Online, available at: www.worldbank.org/afr/findings/infobeng/infob81.pdf.
103. World Bank (2003) Position paper: Linkages between Disarmament, Demobilization and Reintegration of Ex-combatants and Security Sector Reform, MDRP Secretariat Paper. Washington, DC: World Bank and MDRP Secretariat.